艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉

艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉
Edsger Dijkstra
艾兹赫尔·戴克斯特拉; Edsger Dijkstra
出生	1930年5月11日; 荷蘭鹿特丹
逝世	2002年8月6日（72歲）; 荷蘭尼嫩
公民权	荷蘭
教育程度	萊頓大學（B.S., M.S.）; 阿姆斯特丹大學（Ph.D.）
知名于	戴克斯特拉算法; 结构化编程; THE 操作系统; 信号量（）
配偶	Maria (Ria) C. Debets
奖项	SIGCSE傑出貢獻獎（1989）; 圖靈獎（1972）; ACM會士（1994）; 戴克斯特拉獎（2002）;
	科学生涯
研究领域	計算機科學、理論計算機科學
机构	荷蘭數學和計算機科學研究學會; 埃因霍温理工大学; 寶來公司; 德克薩斯大學奧斯汀分校
论文	Communication with an Automatic Computer（1959）
博士導師	阿德里安·範·韋恩加登
博士生	尼可·赫伯曼; 揚·L·A·范·德·斯內普肖特; Netty van Gasteren; David A. Naumann
受影响自	阿德里安·範·韋恩加登;
施影响于	東尼·霍爾[1]; 尼克勞斯·維爾特[2][3]; 泊·派克·漢森[4]; 萊斯利·蘭波特[5][6]; 什洛米·多萊夫[7]; 亞歷山大·斯特潘諾夫[8]; 戴維·格里斯; 大衛·派納斯;

艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉（荷蘭語：，荷兰语：[ˈɛtsxər ˈʋibə ˈdɛikstra] （^ⓘ），1930年5月11日—2002年8月6日），又譯艾兹赫尔·韦伯·迪杰斯特拉，生於荷蘭鹿特丹，计算机科学家，是荷蘭第一位以程式為專業的科學家。[9]曾在1972年获得图灵奖，之后，他还获得1974年AFIPS Harry Goode Memorial Award、1989年ACM SIGCSE计算机科学教育教学杰出贡献奖。

2002年，在他去世前不久，艾兹赫尔获得了ACM PODC（分布式计算原理）最具影响力论文奖，以表彰他在分布式领域中关于程序计算自稳定的贡献。为了纪念他，这个每年一度奖项也在此后被更名为“Dijkstra奖”。

他曾经提出“GOTO有害论”，信号量和PV原语（），解决了“哲学家就餐问题”。

生平

艾兹赫尔·韦伯·戴克斯特拉出生于鹿特丹，大學就讀於萊頓大學，研究理論物理學。[10][11]但他很快就發現自己的興趣是計算機科學。1980年代，擔任埃因霍溫理工大學教授。

2002年8月6日，戴克斯特拉在荷兰尼嫩自己的家中与世长辞。终年72岁。

學術貢獻

他的贡献包括：

提出了目前在离散数学中应用广泛的最短路径算法（Dijkstra's Shortest Path First Algorithm）
为解决操作系统中资源分配问题，提出银行家算法。

註釋

Hoare, C.A.R. . Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin. 12 October 2010 [12 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-21）.
In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."
Lamport, Leslie. . ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2002 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-06）. Edsger W. Dijkstra started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms with his 1965 CACM paper "Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Programming Control", in which he first stated and solved the mutual exclusion problem. That paper is probably why PODC exists; it certainly inspired most of my work.
Dolev, Shlomi: Self-stabilization. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2
Lo Russo, Graziano (1997). . STLport.org. [21 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-04）. Alexander Stepanov: "...I also discovered books of two great computer scientists from whose work I learned the scientific foundation of my trade: Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijkstra. Knuth taught me the answers. Dijkstra taught me the questions. Time and time again I come back to their works for new insights."
Hoare, Tony. . Physics Today. March 2003, 56 (3): 96–98 [2017-07-19]. doi:10.1063/1.1570789. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.
. Stichting Digidome. 3 September 2003. （原始内容存档于6 December 2004）.
O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. . The MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. July 2008 [18 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于11 October 2013）.

延伸閱讀

Apt, Krzysztof R. . Formal Aspects of Computing. 2002, 14 (2): 92–98 [2018-04-03]. arXiv:cs/0210001 . doi:10.1007/s001650200029. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Per Brinch Hansen. . Springer. 2002 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-95401-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
M. Ben-Ari. 2nd. Addison-Wesley. 2006 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-321-31283-9. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Broy, M.; Denert, Ernst (编). . Springer. 2002: 3 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-3-540-43081-0. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Daylight, Edgar G. . Lonely Scholar. 2012. ISBN 9789491386022.
Daylight, Edgar G. . The Computer Journal. 2011, 54 (11): 1756–72. doi:10.1093/comjnl/bxr002.
Shlomi Dolev. . MIT Press. 2000 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Feijen, W.H.J.; Gries, David (编). . Springer. 1990 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-97299-2. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Laplante, Phillip A. . IEEE Press. 1996 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-7803-1112-1. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Lee, J.A.N. (PDF). Ann. Hist. Comp. 1991, 13 (1): 91–96 [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
O’Regan, Gerard. . Springer. 2013 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-1-4471-5340-5. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Payette, Sandy. . IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 2014, 36 (4): 64–73 [2018-04-03]. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2014.54. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.
Shasha, Dennis; Lazere, Cathy. . Springer. 1998 [2018-04-03]. ISBN 978-0-387-98269-4. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.

外部連結

. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2005-04-20）.
. A site devoted to Dijkstra’s works and thoughts, created and maintained by the historian of computing Edgar Graham Daylight. [2018-04-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-04-11）.

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[1] Hoare, C.A.R. . Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin. 12 October 2010 [12 August 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-03-21）.

[4] In his 2004 memoir, "A Programmer's Story: The Life of a Computer Pioneer", Brinch Hansen wrote that he used "Cooperating Sequential Processes" to guide his work implementing multiprogramming on the RC 4000, and described it saying, "One of the great works in computer programming, this masterpiece laid the conceptual foundation for concurrent programming."

[LLamport2002-5] Lamport, Leslie. . ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing. 2002 [2020-09-22]. （原始内容存档于2019-10-06）. Edsger W. Dijkstra started the field of concurrent and distributed algorithms with his 1965 CACM paper "Solution of a Problem in Concurrent Programming Control", in which he first stated and solved the mutual exclusion problem. That paper is probably why PODC exists; it certainly inspired most of my work.

[Dolev2000-7] Dolev, Shlomi: Self-stabilization. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-262-04178-2

[Stepanov-8] Lo Russo, Graziano (1997). . STLport.org. [21 December 2017]. （原始内容存档于2009-03-04）. Alexander Stepanov: "...I also discovered books of two great computer scientists from whose work I learned the scientific foundation of my trade: Donald Knuth and Edsger Dijkstra. Knuth taught me the answers. Dijkstra taught me the questions. Time and time again I come back to their works for new insights."

[9] Hoare, Tony. . Physics Today. March 2003, 56 (3): 96–98 [2017-07-19]. doi:10.1063/1.1570789. （原始内容存档于2016-08-31）.

[10] . Stichting Digidome. 3 September 2003. （原始内容存档于6 December 2004）.

[11] O'Connor, J J; Robertson, E F. . The MacTutor History of Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. July 2008 [18 January 2014]. （原始内容存档于11 October 2013）.