蒿属

蒿屬
	中亞苦蒿（Artemisia abrotanum）
科学分类
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	维管植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真双子叶植物 Eudicots
演化支：	菊类植物 Asterids
目：	菊目 Asterales
科：	菊科 Asteraceae
亚科：	菊亚科 Asteroideae
总族：	紫菀總族 Asterodae
族：	春黄菊族 Anthemideae
亚族：	菊亚族 Chrysantheminae
属：	蒿屬 Artemisia; L., 1753
模式種
	北艾 Artemisia vulgaris; L.
異名
	Abrotanum Duhamel ; Abrotanum Mill., 1754 ; Absinthium Mill. ; Artanacetum (Rzazade) Rzazade ; Artemisiastrum Rydb. ; Chamartemisia Rydb. ; Draconia Heist. ex Fabr. ; Dracunculus Ledeb. ; Hydrophytum Eschw. ; Oligosporus Cass. ; Picrothamnus Nutt. ; 绢蒿属 Seriphidium (Besser ex Less.) Fourr. ; Sphaeromeria Nutt. ; Vesicarpa Rydb.;

蒿（hāo）属（学名：Artemisia）又名艾属，古亦称「菻（lǐn）」（蒿类植物的总称），是菊科中一个大属，约有200—400种，其中包括许多种常见的药草，以1、2年生草本植物为主，多有浓烈的香味，葉上多具白色絨毛。蒿属主要生长在亚洲和欧洲以及北美洲，少数分布在非洲北部和大洋洲地区，纬度跨度大，在温带、寒温带及亚热带地区均有分布。

名稱來源

學名 Artemisia 來源於古希臘女神阿耳忒弥斯。^[1]亦有說法指於公元前 350 年間去世的一名著名植物學家、醫學研究者阿爾特米西亞二世。^[2]

部分物種

本属包括以下物种：

鹼蒿 Artemisia abrotanum
中亞苦蒿 Artemisia absinthium
東北絲裂蒿 Artemisia adamsii
黃花蒿 Artemisia annua
奇蒿 Artemisia anomala
S. Moore^[3]
- 尾尖奇蒿 Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima Y. R. Ling^[4]
沙篙 Artemisia arenaria ，沙蒿
艾草 Artemisia argyi
銀葉蒿 Artemisia argyrophylla
褐頭蒿 Artemisia aschurbajewii
銀蒿 Artemisia austriaca
巴爾古津蒿 Artemisia bargusinensis
Artemisia brevis ^[5]
矮叢蒿 Artemisia caespitosa
Artemisia calcicola X.Q.Guo & L.Wang^[6]
荒野蒿 Artemisia campestris
茵蔯蒿 Artemisia capillaris
青蒿 Artemisia carvifolia
蛔蒿 Artemisia cina
纖杆蒿 Artemisia demissa
中亞草原蒿 Artemisia depauperata
龍蒿 Artemisia dracunculus ^[7]
牛尾蒿 Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Besser, 1834
垂叶蒿 Artemisia flaccida ^[8]
綠櫛齒葉蒿 Artemisia freyniana
冷蒿 Artemisia frigida
亮綠蒿 Artemisia glabella Kar. & Kir., 1841，为Artemisia obtusiloba var. glabra Ledeb.的异名
細裂葉蓮蒿 Artemisia gmelinii Weber ex Stechm., 1775
纖細絹蒿 Artemisia gracilescens Krasch. & Iljin， 1949
鹽蒿 Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Besser， 1835
五月艾 Artemisia indica Willd.， 1803
尖裂叶蒿 Artemisia incisa Pamp.
柳葉蒿 Artemisia integrifolia L., 1753
牡蒿 Artemisia japonica Kitam., 1940
Artemisia kargilensis L. Ali, A. A. Khuroo & A. H. Ganie, 2023^[9]
新疆絹蒿 Artemisia kaschgarica
菴閭 Artemisia keiskeana
掌裂蒿 Artemisia kuschakewiczii
白苞蒿 Artemisia lactiflora
白山蒿 Artemisia lagocephala
寬葉蒿 Artemisia latifolia
白葉蒿 Artemisia leucophylla
濱海牡蒿 Artemisia littoricola
細杆沙蒿 Artemisia macilenta
亞洲大花蒿 Artemisia macrantha
大花蒿 Artemisia macrocephala
中亞旱蒿 Artemisia marschalliana
尖櫛齒葉蒿 Artemisia medioxima
墊型蒿 Artemisia minor
蒙古蒿 Artemisia mongolica
矮濱蒿 Artemisia nakaii
西南圆头蒿 Artemisia neosinensis B. H. Jiao & T. G. Gao^[10]
玉山艾 Artemisia niitakayamensis
南亞蒿 Artemisia nilagirica
藏旱蒿 Artemisia nortonii ^[11]
鈍裂蒿 Artemisia obtusiloba
川西腺毛蒿 Artemisia occidentalisichuanensis
黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica
滇東蒿 Artemisia orientaliyunnanensis
光沙蒿 Artemisia oxycephala
黑蒿 Artemisia palustris
伊朗蒿 Artemisia persica
纖梗蒿 Artemisia pewzowii
褐苞蒿 Artemisia phaeolepis
西北蒿 Artemisia pontica
魁蒿 Artemisia princeps
灰苞蒿 Artemisia roxburghiana
紅足蒿 Artemisia rubripes
岩蒿 Artemisia rupestris
香葉蒿 Artemisia rutifolia ^[12]
白蓮蒿 Artemisia sacrorum
崑崙沙蒿 Artemisia saposhnikovii
豬毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia
絹毛蒿 Artemisia sericea
大籽蒿 Artemisia sieversiana
準噶爾沙蒿 Artemisia songarica
寬葉山蒿 Artemisia stolonifera
俄羅斯肉質葉蒿 Artemisia succulenta
陰地蒿 Artemisia sylvatica
裂葉蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia
太白山蒿 Artemisia taibaishanensis ^[13]
裂葉蒿 Artemisia tanacetifolia
濕地蒿 Artemisia tournefortiana
三齒蒿 Artemisia tridentata
北艾 Artemisia vulgaris
藏龍蒿 Artemisia waltonii ^[14]
烏丹蒿 Artemisia wudanica
內蒙古旱蒿 Artemisia xerophytica
亞東蒿 Artemisia yadongensis
藏白蒿 Artemisia younghusbandii
察隅蒿 Artemisia zayuensis
蒔蘿蒿 Artemisia zhaodongensis
中甸艾 Artemisia zhongdianensis

原本歸類於蒿屬的物種：

石胡荽 Centipeda minima
狗茴香 Eupatorium capillifolium
線葉菊 Filifolium sibiricum
田基黃 Grangea maderaspatana
同花母菊 Matricaria discoidea

參考資料

^ Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. Volume 1, A-M. Oxford, England : Oxford University Press. 2007: 3804. ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2.
^ Artemisinin. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014-06, 20 (7): 1217 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2007.ET2007.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species. Phytotaxa. 2021-09-13, 520 (1): 57–74 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.520.1.4. （原始内容存档于2025-09-05）（英语）.
^ Jiao, Bohan; Zhang, Guojin; Nie, Bao; Dong, Xiaoyu; Gao, Tiangang. Validation of the name Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Phytotaxa. 2016-09-09, 273 (3): 331–332 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.273.3.10. （原始内容存档于2024-08-28）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. The identity of Artemisia brevis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Xinjiang, China. Phytotaxa. 2022-04-08, 543 (1): 73–81 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.7 （英语）.
^ Li, Cheng-Sheng; Chi, Xiao-Rui; Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long. Artemisia calcicola (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from karst region in Guizhou, southwestern China. PhytoKeys. 2022-11-16, 213: 161-167 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 9836503 . PMID 36762250. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.213.96203.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long. Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Kew Bulletin. 2022-12, 77 (4): 983–985 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 0075-5974. doi:10.1007/s12225-022-10069-6 （英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens. Phytotaxa. 2021-08-17, 514 (3): 221–237 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.3. （原始内容存档于2024-07-08）（英语）.
^ Ali, Liyaqat; Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Ganie, Aijaz Hassan; Islam, Tajamul. Artemisia kargilensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Ladakh (Trans-Himalaya), India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 2023-12-31, 53 (4): 294-300 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1225-8318. doi:10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294. （原始内容存档于2025-06-22）（英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China. Phytotaxa. 2022-04-27, 544 (1): 11–36 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.2. （原始内容存档于2025-12-09）（英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Rediscovery of Artemisia nortonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and clarification of its type locality and geographical distribution. Phytotaxa. 2022-10-28, 570 (3): 283–288 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.3 （英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Lectotypification of Artemisia rutifolia var. ruoqiangensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Phytotaxa. 2020-07-20, 453 (1): 49–51 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.5. （原始内容存档于2026-01-20）（英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China. Phytotaxa. 2021-02-24, 487 (2): 125–138 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.3 （英语）.
^ Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Taxonomic notes on Artemisia waltonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of A. kangmarensis and A. conaensis to the synonymy of its type variety. Phytotaxa. 2020-06-25, 450 (2): 149–172 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.2 （英语）.

[1] Shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles. Volume 1, A-M. Oxford, England : Oxford University Press. 2007: 3804. ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2.

[2] Artemisinin. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2014-06, 20 (7): 1217 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1080-6040. doi:10.3201/eid2007.ET2007.

[3] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Clarification of some morphological characters in Artemisia anomala (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of var. tomentella and var. acuminatissima to the synonymy of the species. Phytotaxa. 2021-09-13, 520 (1): 57–74 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.520.1.4. （原始内容存档于2025-09-05）（英语）.

[4] Jiao, Bohan; Zhang, Guojin; Nie, Bao; Dong, Xiaoyu; Gao, Tiangang. Validation of the name Artemisia anomala var. acuminatissima (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Phytotaxa. 2016-09-09, 273 (3): 331–332 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.273.3.10. （原始内容存档于2024-08-28）.

[5] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. The identity of Artemisia brevis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) from Xinjiang, China. Phytotaxa. 2022-04-08, 543 (1): 73–81 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.543.1.7 （英语）.

[6] Li, Cheng-Sheng; Chi, Xiao-Rui; Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long. Artemisia calcicola (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new species from karst region in Guizhou, southwestern China. PhytoKeys. 2022-11-16, 213: 161-167 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1314-2003. PMC 9836503 . PMID 36762250. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.213.96203.

[7] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long. Second-step lectotypification of the Linnaean name Artemisia dracunculus (Asteraceae-Anthemideae). Kew Bulletin. 2022-12, 77 (4): 983–985 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 0075-5974. doi:10.1007/s12225-022-10069-6 （英语）.

[8] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Artemisia flaccida (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) is merged with A. fulgens, with transfer of A. flaccida var. meiguensis to A. fulgens. Phytotaxa. 2021-08-17, 514 (3): 221–237 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.3. （原始内容存档于2024-07-08）（英语）.

[9] Ali, Liyaqat; Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Ganie, Aijaz Hassan; Islam, Tajamul. Artemisia kargilensis (Asteraceae), a new species from Ladakh (Trans-Himalaya), India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy. 2023-12-31, 53 (4): 294-300 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1225-8318. doi:10.11110/kjpt.2023.53.4.294. （原始内容存档于2025-06-22）（英语）.

[10] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Clarification of morphological characters and geographical distribution of Artemisia neosinensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a strikingly misunderstood species from China. Phytotaxa. 2022-04-27, 544 (1): 11–36 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.2. （原始内容存档于2025-12-09）（英语）.

[11] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Rediscovery of Artemisia nortonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and clarification of its type locality and geographical distribution. Phytotaxa. 2022-10-28, 570 (3): 283–288 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.3 （英语）.

[12] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Lectotypification of Artemisia rutifolia var. ruoqiangensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Phytotaxa. 2020-07-20, 453 (1): 49–51 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.453.1.5. （原始内容存档于2026-01-20）（英语）.

[13] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Artemisia taibaishanensis (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), a new synonym of A. qinlingensis from China. Phytotaxa. 2021-02-24, 487 (2): 125–138 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.487.2.3 （英语）.

[14] Guo, Xin-Qiang; Wang, Long; Yang, Qin-Er. Taxonomic notes on Artemisia waltonii (Asteraceae, Anthemideae), with reduction of A. kangmarensis and A. conaensis to the synonymy of its type variety. Phytotaxa. 2020-06-25, 450 (2): 149–172 [2025-11-28]. ISSN 1179-3163. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.450.2.2 （英语）.

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