词源

源自拉丁語 (“高耸的，险峻的，难以企及的，困难的，费事的”)，与愛爾蘭語 (“高的”)有关。

发音

• (標準英音) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈɑːdjuːəs/, /ˈɑːd͡ʒuːəs/
• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈɑːɹd͡ʒuəs/

• （美国）音频：

  (檔案)

形容词

(比較級，最高級)

1. 艰苦的，艰难的

   The movement towards a peaceful settlement has been a long and arduous political struggle.

   这个和平解决争端的努力是一场费时费力的政治斗争。

   • 2012 5月 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, 出自 BBC Sport‎:

     survived and can now turn their attentions to the Champions League final against in Germany later this month as they face an increasingly arduous task to finish in the Premier League's top four.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:arduous。
2. (棄用) 炙热的
   • 1805-1814, Dante, Henry Francis Cary (translator), The Divine Comedy

     Where flames the arduous Spirit of Isidore.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

3. （因陡峭，险峻等）难以越过的
   • 1974, Sue Bowder, The American biking atlas & touring guide，頁號 77:

     Beyond the river, an arduous slope rises 3286 feet in 13 miles.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 1999, Scott Ciencin, Mike Fredericks, Dinoverse:

     Mike looked up from the arduous mountain trail. They'd been climbing for five hours and he was beginning to feel irritable.

   • 2006, Jack W. Plunkett, Plunkett's Entertainment & Media Industry Almanac 2006:

     Survivor reaches as many as 28 million viewers who watch contestants win a new Pontiac or guzzle Mountain Dew after scaling an arduous cliff.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 有關使用本詞的更多用例，請參閱Citations:arduous。

延伸阅读

• “arduous”, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
• “arduous”, The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, OCLC 867766587
• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 arduous 的释义