詞源

未知。首个记录见于1520年，可能源自古法語 (“磨粉机的漏斗”)。

發音

• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈtɜːmɔɪl/

• （美国）音频：

  (檔案)

名詞

(通常不可數，複數)

1. 混乱，动荡，骚乱
   • 2012 6月 19, Phil McNulty, “England 1-0 Ukraine”, 出自 BBC Sport:

     Oleg Blokhin's side lost the talismanic Andriy Shevchenko to the substitutes' bench because of a knee injury but still showed enough to put England through real turmoil in spells.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2024 1月 14, Charles Hugh Smith, Self-Reliance, Taoism and the Warring States‎:

     The Taoists developed their during an extended era of turmoil known as the period of Chinese history.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

2. 麻烦，困扰，烦扰
   • Template:RQ:Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona
   • Template:RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp

動詞

(第三人稱單數簡單現在時，現在分詞，一般過去時及過去分詞)

1. (棄用，不及物) 混乱；动荡
   • Template:RQ:Milton Smectymnuus
2. (棄用，及物) 烦扰，打搅
   • Template:RQ:Spenser Ireland

     It is her fatal misfortune […] to be thus miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction.

延伸閱讀

• “turmoil”, Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, OCLC 800618302
• “turmoil”, The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, OCLC 867766587
• OneLook 在线词典 上有关 turmoil 的释义
• Douglas Harper (2001–2024), “turmoil”, 《》（Online Etymology Dictionary）