词源

源自中古法语 victime ←拉丁语 victima (“祭牲”)。

發音

• 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈvɪktɪm/
• (弱元音) 國際音標^(幫助)：/ˈvɪktəm/
• 斷字：vic‧tim

• 音頻（美式）：

  (檔案)

名词

victim (复数 victims)

1. （原意）牺牲品（作为人类或动物祭品而被杀死并提供的生物，常用于宗教仪式）；〈引〉圣餐中的圣体，圣血。
2. 受害者。

   ①被其他人伤害的人。

   • 1905, Baroness Emmuska Orczy, chapter 1, in The Tremarn Case：“There the cause of death was soon ascertained ; the victim of this daring outrage had been stabbed to death from ear to ear with a long, sharp instrument, in shape like an antique stiletto, which […] was subsequently found under the cushions of the hansom. […]”
   • 2013 June 8, “Obama goes troll-hunting”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 55：“According to this saga of intellectual-property misanthropy, these creatures [patent trolls] roam the business world, buying up patents and then using them to demand extravagant payouts from companies they accuse of infringing them. Often, their victims pay up rather than face the costs of a legal battle.”

   ②犯罪中受害或处于不利地位的一方。

   ③遭受灾难或其他不利情况的不幸的人。

   • 1907, Robert Chambers：“I don't mean all of your friends—only a small proportion—which, however, connects your circle with that deadly, idle, brainless bunch—the insolent chatterers at the opera, […] the speed-mad fugitives from the furies of ennui, the neurotic victims of mental cirrhosis, […] !”
   • 2013 June 29, “High and wet”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 28：“Floods in northern India, mostly in the small state of Uttarakhand, have wrought disaster on an enormous scale. […] Rock-filled torrents smashed vehicles and homes, burying victims under rubble and sludge.”
3. 受难者（因自愿承担而遭受任何其他伤害、损失或损害的人）。
4. （叙述学）被反面人物征服或操纵的人物。