Ġ ġ
Doulos SIL glyphs for majuscule and minuscule ġ.

Ġ (minuscule: ġ) is a letter of the Latin script, formed from G with the addition of a dot above the letter.

Usage

Arabic

Ġ is used in some Arabic transliteration schemes, such as DIN 31635 and ISO 233, to represent the letter غ (ġain).

Armenian

Ġ is used in the romanization of Classical or Eastern Armenian to represent the letter Ղ/ղ (ġat).

Chechen

Ġ is present in the Chechen Latin alphabet, created in the 1990s. The Cyrillic equivalent is гI, which represents the sound /ɣ/.[1]

Inupiat

Ġ is used in some dialects of Inupiat to represent the voiced uvular fricative /ʁ/.

Irish

Ġ was formerly used in Irish to represent the lenited form of G. The digraph gh is now used.[2]

Maltese

Ġ is the 7th letter of the Maltese alphabet, preceded by F and followed by G. It represents the voiced postalveolar affricate [dʒ].[3]

Old Czech

⟨ġ⟩ is sometimes (about 16th century) used to represent real [g], to distinguish it from the letter g which represented the consonant [j].

Old English

⟨Ġ⟩ is sometimes used in modern scholarly transcripts of Old English to represent [j] or [dʒ] (after ⟨n⟩), to distinguish it from ⟨g⟩ pronounced as /ɣ/, which is otherwise spelled identically. The digraph ⟨cg⟩ was also used to represent [dʒ].[4]

Ukrainian

⟨Ġ⟩ is used in some Ukrainian transliteration schemes, mainly ISO 9:1995, as the letter Ґ.

Phonetic transcription

⟨ġ⟩ is sometimes used as a phonetic symbol transcribing [ɣ] or [ŋ].

Georgian

Ġ is used in the transliteration of Georgian to represent the letter ღ.

Computer encoding

ISO 8859-3 (Latin-3) includes Ġ at D5 and ġ at F5 for use in Maltese, and ISO 8859-14 (Latin-8) includes Ġ at B2 and ġ at B3 for use in Irish.

Precomposed characters for Ġ and ġ have been present in Unicode since version 1.0. As part of WGL4, it can be expected to display correctly on most computer systems.

Appearance Code points Name
Ġ U+0120
U+0047, U+0307		 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G + COMBINING DOT ABOVE
ġ U+0121
U+0067, U+0307		 LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE
LATIN SMALL LETTER G + COMBINING DOT ABOVE

OpenAI's GPT-2 uses 0xC4 0xA0 (Ġ) as the start of a word in its tokens.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Koryakov, Yuri B. (2002). Atlas of Caucasian Languages (PDF). Moscow: Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences. pp. 6–7.
  2. ↑ "Symbol Codes | Irish, Old Irish and Manx". Pennsylvania State University. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  3. ↑ Robert D. Hoberman (2007). Kaye, Alan S. (ed.). "Chapter 13. Maltese Morphology" (PDF). Morphologies of Asia and Africa. Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns: 258. ISBN 978-1-57506-109-2. Retrieved 10 January 2023.
  4. ↑ Daniel Paul O'Donnell. "The Pronunciation of Old English". University of Lethbridge Personal Web Sites. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  5. ↑ "Why \u0120 (Ġ) is in so many pairs? · Issue #80 · openai/GPT-2". GitHub.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.