Voiced pharyngeal trill
(voiced epiglottal fricative)
ʢ
IPA Number174
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ʢ
Unicode (hex)U+02A2
X-SAMPA<\
Braille⠔ (braille pattern dots-35) ⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)

The voiced epiglottal or pharyngeal trill, or voiced epiglottal fricative,[1] is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʢ.

Few languages distinguish between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives/trills, and in fact the fricatives in Arabic are routinely described as "pharyngeal". However, according to Peter Ladefoged, the Aghul spoken in the village of Burkikhan, Dagestan has both (as well as an epiglottal stop), as presented in these audio files.

Features

Features of the voiced epiglottal trill/fricative:

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
AghulRicha dialect[2] [ʢakʷ] 'light'
Arabic[3]Iraqi[4]عَاف [ʢaːf]'he left' Corresponds to /ʕ/ () in Standard Arabic and other varieties. See Arabic phonology
Siwa[5] [arˤbˤəʢa] 'four'

See also

Notes

  1. John Esling (2010) "Phonetic Notation", in Hardcastle, Laver & Gibbon (eds) The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, 2nd ed., p 695.
  2. Kodzasov, S. V. Pharyngeal Features in the Daghestan Languages. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (Tallinn, Estonia, Aug 1-7 1987), pp. 142-144.
  3. Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:167–168)
  4. Zeki Hassan, John Esling, Scott Moisik, & lise Crevier-Buchman (2011) "Aryepiglottic trilled variants of /ʕ, ħ/ in Iraqi Arabic". Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (pp. 831834), Hong Kong.
  5. Mr. Christfried Naumann, Doctoral Student, Department of Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. June 26, 2009.

References

  • Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996), The Sounds of the World's Languages, Oxford: Blackwell, ISBN 0-631-19815-6
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