Voiced velar affricate
ɡɣ
IPA Number110 141
Audio sample
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Encoding
X-SAMPAg_G

The voiced velar affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in very few spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ɡ͡ɣ and ɡ͜ɣ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is g_G. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ɡɣ in the IPA and gG in X-SAMPA.

The voiced velar affricate has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language, but it is reported as an allophone of /g/ (usually realized as a voiced velar plosive) in some dialects of English English.

Features

Features of the voiced velar affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is velar, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the soft palate.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
EnglishBroad Cockney[1]good[ˈɡ͡ɣʊˑd̥]'good'Occasional allophone of /ɡ/.[2][3] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[3]
Scouse[4]Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /ɡ/.[4] See English phonology
Slovene sikh gre [ˈs̪îːɡ͡ɣ ˈɡɾěː] 'Sikh goes' Allophone of /k͡x/ before voiced obstruents. See Slovene phonology

Notes

  1. Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
  2. Wells (1982), p. 323.
  3. 1 2 Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
  4. 1 2 Wells (1982), p. 372.

References

  • Cruttenden, Alan (2014), Gimson's Pronunciation of English (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 9781444183092
  • Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
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