Athletics
100 metres
Start of the men's 100 metres final at the
2012 Olympic Games in London
World records
MenJamaica Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009)
WomenUnited States Florence Griffith-Joyner 10.49[lower-alpha 1] (1988)
Olympic records
MenJamaica Usain Bolt 9.63 (2012)
WomenJamaica Elaine Thompson-Herah 10.61 (2021)
World Championship records
MenJamaica Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009)
WomenUnited States Sha'Carri Richardson 10.65 (2023)
Start (green) and end (red) points of a 100 metre race, marked on a running track
Start (green) and end (red) points of a 100 metre race, marked on a running track

The 100 metres, or 100-meter dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, the 100-meter (109.36 yd) dash is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women. The inaugural World Championships were in 1983.

The reigning 100 m Olympic or world champion is often named "the fastest man or woman in the world". Noah Lyles and Sha'Carri Richardson are the world champions; Marcell Jacobs and Elaine Thompson-Herah are the men's and women's Olympic champions.

On an outdoor 400-metre running track, the 100 m is held on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. There are three instructions given to the runners immediately before and at the beginning of the race: "on your marks", "set", and the firing of the starter's pistol. The runners move to the starting blocks when they hear the 'on your marks' instruction. The following instruction, to adopt the 'set' position, allows them to adopt a more efficient starting posture and isometrically preload their muscles: this will help them to start faster. A race-official then fires the starter's pistol to signal the race beginning and the sprinters stride forwards from the blocks. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50 and 60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.

The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record is 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988.[lower-alpha 1]

Race dynamics

Start

Male sprinters await the starter's instructions

At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.[3][4][5]

At high level meets, the time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.2-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time they take to react to it.

For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified.

This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification.[6] This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work."[7] The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 World Championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.[8][9]

Mid-race

Runners usually reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and progressively decelerate to the finish. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m.[10] Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique.

Finish

The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with their torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line.[11] There is therefore no requirement for the entire body to cross the finish line. When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line.

Climatic conditions

Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 metres per second (4.5 mph) is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal".

Furthermore, sprint athletes perform a better run at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[12]

10-second barrier

The 10-second mark had been widely considered a barrier for the 100 metres in men's sprinting. The first man to break the 10 second barrier with automatic timing was Jim Hines at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Since then, over 180 sprinters have run faster than 10 seconds.

Record performances

Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach.

The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977.[13] The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final in Berlin, Germany on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s.[14] The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the US, at the 1988 United States Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988[15] breaking Evelyn Ashford's four-year-old world record by .27 seconds. The extraordinary nature of this result and those of several other sprinters in this race raised the possibility of a technical malfunction with the wind gauge which read at 0.0 m/s- a reading which was at complete odds to the windy conditions on the day with high wind speeds being recorded in all other sprints before and after this race as well as the parallel long jump runway at the time of the Griffith-Joyner performance. All scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organisations since have confirmed there was certainly an illegal tailwind of between 5 m/s – 7 m/s at the time. This should have annulled the legality of this result, although the IAAF has chosen not to take this course of action. The legitimate next best wind legal performance would therefore be Elaine Thompson-Herah's 10.54 second clocking in 2021 at the Prefontaine Classic. Griffith-Joyner's next best legal performance of 10.61 from 1988, would have her third on the all-time list behind Thompson-Herah and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (10.60).[16]

Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record.

Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Greene were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics.

Continental records

Updated 29 July 2023[17]

Area Men Women
Time (s) Wind (m/s) Year Athlete Nation Time (s) Wind (m/s) Year Athlete Nation
Africa (records)9.77[A]+1.22021Ferdinand Omanyala Kenya10.72+1.42022Marie-Josée Ta Lou Ivory Coast
Asia (records)9.83+0.92021Su Bingtian China10.790.01997Li Xuemei China
Europe (records)9.80+0.12021Marcell Jacobs Italy10.73+2.01998Christine Arron France
North, Central America
and Caribbean (records)		9.58 WR+0.92009Usain Bolt Jamaica10.49 WR0.0[lower-alpha 1]1988Florence Griffith-Joyner United States
Oceania (records)9.93+1.82003Patrick Johnson Australia10.96+2.02023Zoe Hobbs New Zealand
South America (records)9.89+0.82023Issamade Asinga Suriname10.91−0.22017Rosângela Santos Brazil

Notes

  • A Represents a time set at a high altitude.

All-time top 25 men

Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics

As of September 2023[18][19]

Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)Wind (m/s)Reaction (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
119.58+0.90.146Usain Bolt Jamaica16 August 2009Berlin[20][21]
29.63+1.50.165Bolt #205 August 2012London[22]
39.69±0.00.165Bolt #316 August 2008Beijing[22]
239.69+2.00.178Tyson Gay United States20 September 2009Shanghai[23][24]
−0.10.142Yohan Blake Jamaica23 August 2012Lausanne[25][26]
69.71+0.90.144Gay #216 August 2009Berlin[20][21]
79.72+1.70.157Bolt #431 May 2008New York City[27]
479.72+0.2Asafa Powell Jamaica02 September 2008Lausanne[28]
99.74+1.70.137Powell #209 September 2007Rieti[29]
599.74+0.90.161Justin Gatlin United States15 May 2015Doha[30][31]
119.75+1.1Blake #229 June 2012Kingston
+1.50.179Blake #305 August 2012London[22]
+0.90.164Gatlin #204 June 2015Rome[32]
+1.40.154Gatlin #309 July 2015Lausanne[33]
159.76+1.8Bolt #503 May 2008Kingston
+1.30.154Bolt #616 September 2011Brussels[34]
−0.10.152Bolt #731 May 2012Rome[35]
+1.40.146Blake #430 August 2012Zürich[36]
6159.76+0.60.128Christian Coleman United States28 September 2019Doha[37][29]
9.76[A]+1.2Trayvon Bromell United States18 September 2021Nairobi[38]
9.76 +1.4 Fred Kerley  United States 24 June 2022 Eugene [39]
229.77+1.60.150Powell #314 June 2005Athens[29]
+1.50.145Powell #411 June 2006Gateshead[29]
+1.00.148Powell #518 August 2006Zürich[29]
+1.0Gay #328 June 2008Eugene
−1.3Bolt #805 September 2008Brussels
+0.9Powell #607 September 2008Rieti
+0.4Gay #410 July 2009Rome
−0.30.163Bolt #911 August 2013Moscow[40]
+0.60.178Gatlin #405 September 2014Brussels[41]
+0.90.153Gatlin #523 August 2015Beijing[42]
+1.5Bromell #205 June 2021Miramar[43]
9229.77[A]+1.2Ferdinand Omanyala Kenya18 September 2021Nairobi[38]
22 9.77 +1.8 Kerley #2 24 June 2022 Eugene [44]
109.78+0.9Nesta Carter Jamaica29 August 2010Rieti[45]
119.79+0.1Maurice Greene United States16 June 1999Athens[46]
129.80+1.3Steve Mullings Jamaica04 June 2011Eugene[47]
+0.1Marcell Jacobs Italy01 August 2021Tokyo[48]
149.82+1.7Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago21 June 2014Port of Spain[49]
159.83+0.9Su Bingtian China01 August 2021Tokyo
+0.9Ronnie Baker United States01 August 2021Tokyo
+1.3 0.150 Zharnel Hughes  Great Britain 24 June 2023 New York City [50]
±0.00.145Noah Lyles United States20 August 2023Budapest[51]
199.84+0.7Donovan Bailey Canada27 July 1996Atlanta
+0.2Bruny Surin Canada22 August 1999Seville
+1.2Akani Simbine South Africa06 July 2021Székesfehérvár[52]
229.85+1.2Leroy Burrell United States06 July 1994Lausanne[53]
+1.7Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria12 May 2006Doha
+1.3Mike Rodgers United States04 June 2011Eugene
+1.5Marvin Bracy United States05 June 2021Miramar[43]
+0.4Kishane Thompson Jamaica02 September 2023Xiamen[54]

Assisted marks

Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted times (equal or superior to 9.80). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown:

Annulled marks

  • Tim Montgomery ran 9.78 (+2.0 m/s) in Paris on 14 September 2002, which was at the time ratified as a world record.[59] However, the record was rescinded in December 2005 following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges.[60] The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.[61]
  • Ben Johnson ran 9.79 (+1.1 m/s) at the Olympics in Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 (+1.0 m/s) at the World Championships in Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded.

All-time top 25 women

Florence Griffith-Joyner of the U.S. is the world record holder.
Elaine Thompson-Herah of Jamaica, the fastest woman alive and the second fastest woman of all time.
Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce of Jamaica, the third fastest woman in history.

As of September 2023[62][63]

Ath.#Perf.#Time (s)Wind (m/s)Reaction (s)AthleteNationDatePlaceRef.
1110.49±0.0[lower-alpha 1]Florence Griffith-Joyner United States16 July 1988Indianapolis
2210.54+0.90.150Elaine Thompson-Herah Jamaica21 August 2021Eugene[64]
3 3 10.60 +1.7 0.151 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce  Jamaica 26 August 2021 Lausanne [65][66]
410.61+1.20.12Griffith-Joyner #217 July 1988Indianapolis[67]
−0.60.150Thompson-Herah #231 July 2021Tokyo[68]
610.62+1.00.107Griffith-Joyner #324 September 1988Seoul[69]
+0.40.134Fraser-Pryce #210 August 2022Monaco[70]
810.63+1.3Fraser-Pryce #305 June 2021Kingston[71][72]
4910.64+1.20.150Carmelita Jeter United States20 September 2009Shanghai[73]
9 10.64 +1.7 0.154 Thompson-Herah #3 26 August 2021 Lausanne [65]
51110.65[A]+1.10.183Marion Jones United States12 September 1998Johannesburg[74]
1110.65+0.60.139Thompson-Herah #409 September 2021Zürich[75]
−0.8 0.159 Fraser-Pryce #4 08 September 2022 Zürich [76][77]
5 11 10.65 +1.0 Shericka Jackson  Jamaica 07 July 2023 Kingston [78]
−0.2 0.156 Sha'Carri Richardson United States21 August 2023 Budapest [79]
16 10.66 +0.5 0.152 Fraser-Pryce #5 06 August 2022 Chorzów [80][81]
1710.67−0.10.145Jeter #213 September 2009Thessaloniki[82]
10.67[A] −0.4 Fraser-Pryce #6 07 May 2022 Nairobi [83][84]
10.67+0.50.137Fraser-Pryce #718 June 2022Paris[85][86]
+0.8 0.137 Fraser-Pryce #8 17 July 2022 Eugene [87]
+1.3 0.139 Fraser-Pryce #9 08 August 2022 Székesfehérvár [88][89]
2210.70+1.6Griffith-Joyner #417 July 1988Indianapolis
−0.10.120Jones #222 August 1999Seville[90]
+2.00.188Jeter #304 June 2011Eugene[91]
+0.6Fraser-Pryce #1029 June 2012Kingston[92]
+0.3Thompson-Herah #501 July 2016Kingston[93]
+1.1Fraser-Pryce #1123 June 2022Kingston[94]
+0.80.190Jackson #216 September 2023Eugene[95]
8 10.72 +0.4Marie-Josée Ta Lou Ivory Coast10 August 2022Monaco[96]
910.73+2.0Christine Arron France19 August 1998Budapest
1010.74+1.3Merlene Ottey Jamaica07 September 1996Milan
+1.0English Gardner United States03 July 2016Eugene [97]
1210.75+0.4Kerron Stewart Jamaica10 July 2009Rome
1310.76+1.7Evelyn Ashford United States22 August 1984Zürich
+1.1Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica31 May 2011Ostrava
1510.77+0.9Irina Privalova Russia06 July 1994Lausanne
+0.7Ivet Lalova Bulgaria19 June 2004Plovdiv
1710.78[A]+1.0Dawn Sowell United States03 June 1989Provo
10.78+1.8Torri Edwards United States28 June 2008Eugene
+1.6Murielle Ahouré Ivory Coast11 June 2016Montverde [98]
+1.0Tianna Bartoletta United States03 July 2016Eugene
+1.0Tori Bowie United States03 July 2016Eugene
2210.79±0.0Li Xuemei China18 October 1997Shanghai
−0.1Inger Miller United States22 August 1999Seville
+1.1Blessing Okagbare Nigeria27 July 2013London
2510.81+1.7Marlies Göhr East Germany08 June 1983Berlin
−0.3Dafne Schippers Netherlands24 August 2015Beijing [99]
+1.7 Julien Alfred  Saint Lucia 14 May 2022 Lubbock [100]
+0.5 Aleia Hobbs  United States 24 June 2022 Eugene [101]

Assisted marks

Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of wind-assisted times (equal or superior to 10.75). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown:

Notes:

Season's bests

Top 25 junior (under-20) men

Updated July 2023[102]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Place Age Ref
1 9.89 +0.8 Issamade Asinga  Suriname 28 July 2023 São Paulo 18 years, 211 days [103]
2 9.91 A+0.8Letsile Tebogo Botswana2 August 2022Cali19 years, 60 days[104]
3 9.97+1.8Trayvon Bromell United States13 June 2014Eugene18 years, 338 days[105]
4 9.99+0.3Bouwahjgie Nkrumie Jamaica29 March 2023Kingston19 years, 41 days[106]
5 10.00+1.6Trentavis Friday United States5 July 2014Eugene19 years, 30 days
6 10.01+0.0Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago24 August 2003Saint-Denis18 years, 317 days
+1.6Jeff Demps United States28 June 2008Eugene18 years, 172 days
+0.9Yoshihide Kiryu Japan28 April 2013Hiroshima17 years, 134 days[107]
10.01 A +1.9 Renan Gallina  Brazil 19 May 2023 Bogotá 19 years, 65 days [108]
10 10.03+0.7Marcus Rowland United States31 July 2009Port of Spain19 years, 142 days
+1.7Lalu Muhammad Zohri Indonesia19 May 2019Osaka18 years, 322 days[109]
+0.6Udodi Chudi Onwuzurike Nigeria27 May 2022Fayetteville19 years, 124 days[110]
13 10.04+1.7D'Angelo Cherry United States10 June 2009Fayetteville18 years, 313 days
+0.2Christophe Lemaitre France24 July 2009Novi Sad19 years, 43 days
+1.9Abdullah Abkar Mohammed Saudi Arabia15 April 2016Norwalk18 years, 319 days[111]
-0.1Erriyon Knighton United States16 April 2022Gainesville18 years, 77 days[112]
17 10.05 NWI Davidson Ezinwa  Nigeria 3 January 1990 Bauchi 18 years, 42 days
+0.1Adam Gemili Great Britain11 July 2012Barcelona18 years, 279 days
+0.6Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan24 June 2017Osaka18 years, 110 days[113]
−0.64 August 2017London18 years, 151 days[114]
20 10.060.0Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria26 April 1997Walnut18 years, 200 days
+2.0Dwain Chambers Great Britain25 July 1997Ljubljana19 years, 111 days
+1.5Walter Dix United States7 May 2005New York19 years, 116 days
+0.8 Shaun Maswanganyi  South Africa 14 March 2020 Pretoria 19 years, 42 days [115]
+2.0 Christian Miller  United States 8 July 2023 Eugene 17 years, 53 days [116]
25 10.07+2.0Stanley Floyd United States24 May 1980Austin18 years, 336 days
+1.1DaBryan Blanton United States30 May 2003Lincoln18 years, 331 days
+0.2Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria8 July 2004Abuja19 years, 109 days
+0.3 Jimmy Vicaut  France 22 July 2011 Tallinn 19 years, 145 days
+2.0 29 July 2011 Albi 19 years, 152 days

Notes

  • Trayvon Bromell's junior world record is also the age-18 world record. He also recorded the fastest wind-assisted (+4.2 m/s) time for a junior or age-18 athlete of 9.77 seconds on 18 May 2014 (age 18 years, 312 days).[117]
  • Yoshihide Kiryu's time of 10.01 seconds matched the junior world record set by Darrel Brown and Jeff Demps, but was not ratified because of the type of wind gauge used.[118]
  • British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 4 August 2001 (age 18 years, 334 days), but the wind gauge malfunctioned.[119]
  • Nigerian sprinter Davidson Ezinwa recorded a time of 10.05 seconds on 4 January 1990 (age 18 years, 43 days), but with no wind gauge.[120]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.06:

Top 25 junior (under-20) women

Updated June 2023[121]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Place Age Ref
1 10.75+1.6Sha'Carri Richardson United States8 June 2019Austin19 years, 75 days[122]
2 10.83+0.6Tamari Davis United States30 July 2022Memphis19 years, 175 days[123]
3 10.88+2.0Marlies Göhr East Germany1 July 1977Dresden19 years, 102 days
4 10.89 +1.8Katrin Krabbe East Germany20 July 1988Berlin18 years, 241 days
+0.9Shawnti Jackson United States3 June 2023Nashville18 years, 32 days[124]
6 10.92+1.0Alana Reid Jamaica29 March 2023Kingston18 years, 68 days[106]
7 10.95 A-0.1Tina Clayton Jamaica3 August 2022Cali17 years, 351 days[125]
8 10.97+1.2Briana Williams Jamaica5 June 2021Miramar19 years, 76 days[126]
10.97 A+1.6Christine Mboma Namibia30 April 2022Gaborone18 years, 343 days[127]
10 10.98+2.0Candace Hill United States20 June 2015Shoreline16 years, 129 days[128]
11 10.99+0.9Ángela Tenorio Ecuador22 July 2015Toronto19 years, 176 days[129]
+1.7Twanisha Terry United States21 April 2018Torrance19 years, 148 days[130]
13 11.00 +1.5 Mia Brahe-Pedersen  United States 27 May 2023 Eugene 17 years, 180 days [131]
14 11.02+1.8Tamara Clark United States12 May 2018Knoxville19 years, 123 days
15 11.03+1.7Silke Gladisch-Möller East Germany8 June 1983Berlin18 years, 353 days
+0.6English Gardner United States14 May 2011Tucson19 years, 22 days
17 11.04+1.4Angela Williams United States5 June 1999Boise19 years, 126 days
+1.6Kiara Grant Jamaica8 June 2019Austin18 years, 243 days[132]
19 11.06+0.9Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago24 June 2017Port of Spain19 years, 131 days[133]
20 11.07+0.7Bianca Knight United States27 June 2008Eugene19 years, 177 days
21 11.08+2.0Brenda Morehead United States21 June 1976Eugene18 years, 260 days
22 11.09 Angela Williams Trinidad and Tobago14 April 1984Nashville18 years, 335 days
+1.6Ackera Nugent Jamaica27 May 2021Austin19 years, 28 days
11.09 A+0.1Tima Seikeseye Godbless Nigeria2 August 2022Cali18 years, 19 days[134]
25 11.10+0.9Kaylin Whitney United States5 July 2014Eugene16 years, 118 days

Notes

  • Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have made her the fourth fastest junior female of all time.[135] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[136][137][138]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 11.10:

Top 25 Youth (under-18) boys

Updated June 2023[139]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Place Age Ref
1 10.06 +2.0 Christian Miller  United States 8 July 2023 Eugene 17 years, 53 days [116]
+1.4 Puripol Boonson  Thailand 30 September 2023 Hangzhou 17 years, 260 days [140]
3 10.15+2.0Anthony Schwartz United States31 March 2017Gainesville16 years, 207 days[141]
4 10.16−0.3Erriyon Knighton United States23 May 2021Boston17 years, 114 days[142]
5 10.19+0.5Yoshihide Kiryu Japan3 November 2012Fukuroi16 years, 324 days
6 10.20+1.4Darryl Haraway United States15 June 2014Greensboro17 years, 87 days
+1.5Tlotliso Leotlela South Africa7 September 2015Apia17 years, 118 days[143]
+2.0Sachin Dennis Jamaica23 March 2018Kingston15 years, 233 days[144]
9 10.22+1.0Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan14 May 2016Shanghai17 years, 69 days
10 10.23+0.8Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria23 March 2002Enugu17 years, 2 days
+1.2Rynell Parson United States21 June 2007Indianapolis16 years, 345 days
12 10.24+0.0Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago14 April 2001Bridgetown16 years, 185 days
13 10.25+1.5J-Mee Samuels United States11 July 2004Knoxville17 years, 52 days
+1.6Jeff Demps United States1 August 2007Knoxville17 years, 205 days
+0.9Jhevaughn Matherson Jamaica5 March 2016Kingston17 years, 7 days[145]
16 10.26 +1.2Deworski Odom United States21 July 1994Lisbon17 years, 101 days
−0.1Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria18 March 1995Bauchi16 years, 161 days
+0.6Teddy Wilson Great Britain24 June 2023Mannheim16 years, 207 days[146]
19 10.27+0.2Henry Thomas United States19 May 1984Norwalk16 years, 314 days
+1.6Curtis Johnson United States30 June 1990Fresno16 years, 188 days
+1.0Ivory Williams United States8 June 2002Sacramento17 years, 37 days
−0.2Jazeel Murphy Jamaica23 April 2011Montego Bay17 years, 55 days
+1.9Raheem Chambers Jamaica20 April 2014Fort-de-France16 years, 196 days
+1.3Jeff Erius France16 July 2021Tallinn17 years, 130 days[147]
+0.8Sebastian Sultana Australia29 October 2022[lower-alpha 2]Sydney17 years, 47 days

Notes

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.20:

Top 20 Youth (under-18) girls

Updated June 2023[148]

RankTimeWind (m/s)AthleteNationDatePlaceAgeRef
1 10.98+2.0Candace Hill United States20 June 2015Shoreline16 years, 129 days[128]
2 11.02+0.8Briana Williams Jamaica8 June 2019Albuquerque17 years, 79 days
3 11.09−0.6Tina Clayton Jamaica19 August 2021Nairobi17 years, 2 days
4 11.10+0.9Kaylin Whitney United States5 July 2014Eugene16 years, 118 days[149]
5 11.11 +1.7 Adaejah Hodge  British Virgin Islands 29 April 2023 Lubbock 17 years, 47 days [150]
6 11.13+2.0Chandra Cheeseborough United States21 June 1976Eugene17 years, 163 days
+1.6Tamari Davis United States9 June 2018Montverde15 years, 159 days
8 11.14+1.7Marion Jones United States6 June 1992Norwalk16 years, 238 days
−0.5Angela Williams United States21 June 1997Edwardsville17 years, 142 days
10 11.15 A -0.1 Shawnti Jackson  United States 3 August 2022 Cali 17 years, 93 days [151]
11 11.16+1.2Gabrielle Mayo United States22 June 2006Indianapolis17 years, 147 days
+0.9Kevona Davis Jamaica23 March 2018Kingston16 years, 93 days
+1.2Kerrica Hill Jamaica6 April 2022Kingston17 years, 31 days[152]
14 11.17 [A]+0.6Wendy Vereen United States3 July 1983Colorado Springs17 years, 70 days
15 11.190.0Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago16 July 2015Cali17 years, 153 days
16 11.20 [A]+1.2Raelene Boyle Australia15 October 1968Mexico City17 years, 144 days
17 11.22+1.2Alana Reid Jamaica6 April 2022Kingston17 years, 76 days
11.22 A+0.2Viwe Jingqi South Africa31 March 2022Potchefstroom17 years, 42 days
19 11.24+1.2Jeneba Tarmoh United States22 June 2006Indianapolis16 years, 268 days
+0.8Jodie Williams Great Britain31 May 2010Bedford16 years, 245 days

Notes

  • Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have been a world under-18 best time.[135] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[136][137][138]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 11.24:

100 metres per age category

The best performances by 5- to 19-year-old athletes

Para world records men

Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London.

Updated July 2023[154]

Class Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref
T11 10.82 +1.2 Athanasios Ghavelas  Greece 2 September 2021 Tokyo [155]
T12 10.37 +0.8 Salum Ageze Kashafali  Norway 15 June 2023 Oslo [156]
T13 10.46 +0.6 Jason Smyth  Ireland 1 September 2012 London
T32 23.25 0.0 Martin McDonagh  Ireland 13 August 1999 Nottingham
T33 16.46 +1.3 Ahmad Almutairi  Kuwait 12 May 2015 Doha
+1.0 3 June 2017 Nottwil
T34 14.46 +0.6 Walid Ktila  Tunisia 1 June 2019 Arbon
T35 11.39 0.0 Dmitrii Safronov  Russia 30 August 2021 Tokyo [157]
T36 11.72 +0.7 James Turner  Australia 10 November 2019 Dubai
T37 10.95 +0.3 Nick Mayhugh  United States 27 August 2021 Tokyo [158]
T38 10.74 −0.3 Hu Jianwen  China 13 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [159]
T42 12.04 –0.5 Anton Prokhorov  Russia 30 August 2021 Tokyo [160]
T43 vacant
T44 11.00 +1.1 Mpumelelo Mhlongo  South Africa 11 November 2019 Dubai
T45 10.94 +0.2 Yohansson Nascimento  Brazil 6 September 2012 London
T46/47 10.29 +1.8 Petrucio Ferreira dos Santos  Brazil 31 March 2022 São Paulo
T51 19.32 +1.2 Roger Habsch  Belgium 18 May 2023 Arbon [161]
T52 16.41 +0.2 Raymond Martin  United States 30 May 2019 Arbon
T53 14.10 +0.7 Brent Lakatos  Canada 27 May 2017 Arbon
T54 13.63 +1.0 Leo-Pekka Tähti  Finland 1 September 2012 London
13.63 –0.9 Athiwat Paeng-nuea  Thailand 15 July 2023 Paris
T61 12.73 +0.9 Ali Lacin  Germany 3 July 2020 Berlin
T62 10.54 +1.6 Johannes Floors  Germany 10 November 2019 Dubai
T63 11.95 +1.9 Vinicius Goncalves Rodrigues  Brazil 25 April 2019 São Paulo
T64 10.61 +1.4 Richard Browne  United States 29 October 2015 Doha

Para world records women

Updated October 2023[162]

Classification Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref
T11 11.83 -0.4 Jerusa Geber Santos  Brazil 25 March 2023 São Paulo [163]
T12 11.40 +0.2 Omara Durand  Cuba 9 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [164]
T13 11.79 +0.5 Leilia Adzhametova  Ukraine 11 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [165]
T32 17.67 0.0 Lindsay Wright  Great Britain 25 July 1997 Nottingham
T33 19.89 +0.3 Shelby Watson  Great Britain 26 May 2016 Nottwil
T34 16.31 +1.1 Hannah Cockroft  Great Britain 27 May 2023 Nottwil [166]
T35 13.00 +1.2 Zhou Xia  China 27 August 2021 Tokyo [167]
T36 13.61 -0.6 Shi Yiting  China 1 September 2021 Tokyo [168]
T37 12.82 +1.0 Karen Palomeque  Colombia 13 July 2023 Paris [169]
T38 12.38 +1.0 Sophie Hahn  Great Britain 12 November 2019 Dubai
+0.4 28 August 2021 Tokyo [170]
T42 14.64 +2.0 Karisma Evi Tiarani  Indonesia 27 May 2022 Nottwil [171]
T43 12.80 +1.0 Marlou van Rhijn  Netherlands 29 October 2015 Doha [172]
T44 12.72 +0.5 Irmgard Bensusan  Germany 24 May 2019 Nottwil [173]
12.72 +1.8 Irmgard Bensusan  Germany 21 June 2019 Leverkusen
T45 14.00 0.0 Giselle Cole  Canada 2 June 1980 Arnhem
T46/47 11.89 −0.2 Brittni Mason  United States 12 November 2019 Dubai [174]
T51 24.69 −0.8 Cassie Mitchell  United States 2 July 2016 Charlotte
T52 18.33 +1.3 Tanja Henseler   Switzerland 27 May 2023 Nottwil [175]
T53 15.25 +1.2 Catherine Debrunner   Switzerland 27 May 2023 Nottwil [176]
T54 15.35 +1.9 Tatyana McFadden  United States 5 June 2016 Indianapolis
T61 14.95 +1.5 Vanessa Louw  Australia 20 January 2020 Canberra
T62 12.78 +1.0 Fleur Jong  Netherlands 21 August 2020 Leverkusen
T63 13.98 +0.6 Ambra Sabatini  Italy 13 July 2023 Paris [177]
T64 12.64 +1.6 Fleur Jong  Netherlands 3 June 2021 Bydgoszcz [178]

Olympic medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
 Thomas Burke
 United States		 Fritz Hofmann
 Germany		 Francis Lane
 United States
Alajos Szokolyi
 Hungary
1900 Paris
 Frank Jarvis
 United States		 Walter Tewksbury
 United States		 Stan Rowley
 Australia
1904 St. Louis
 Archie Hahn
 United States		 Nathaniel Cartmell
 United States		 William Hogenson
 United States
1908 London
 Reggie Walker
 South Africa		 James Rector
 United States		 Robert Kerr
 Canada
1912 Stockholm
 Ralph Craig
 United States		 Alvah Meyer
 United States		 Donald Lippincott
 United States
1920 Antwerp
 Charley Paddock
 United States		 Morris Kirksey
 United States		 Harry Edward
 Great Britain
1924 Paris
 Harold Abrahams
 Great Britain		 Jackson Scholz
 United States		 Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt
 New Zealand
1928 Amsterdam
 Percy Williams
 Canada		 Jack London
 Great Britain		 Georg Lammers
 Germany
1932 Los Angeles
 Eddie Tolan
 United States		 Ralph Metcalfe
 United States		 Arthur Jonath
 Germany
1936 Berlin
 Jesse Owens
 United States		 Ralph Metcalfe
 United States		 Tinus Osendarp
 Netherlands
1948 London
 Harrison Dillard
 United States		 Barney Ewell
 United States		 Lloyd LaBeach
 Panama
1952 Helsinki
 Lindy Remigino
 United States		 Herb McKenley
 Jamaica		 McDonald Bailey
 Great Britain
1956 Melbourne
 Bobby Morrow
 United States		 Thane Baker
 United States		 Hector Hogan
 Australia
1960 Rome
 Armin Hary
 United Team of Germany		 Dave Sime
 United States		 Peter Radford
 Great Britain
1964 Tokyo
 Bob Hayes
 United States		 Enrique Figuerola
 Cuba		 Harry Jerome
 Canada
1968 Mexico City
 Jim Hines
 United States		 Lennox Miller
 Jamaica		 Charles Greene
 United States
1972 Munich
 Valeriy Borzov
 Soviet Union		 Robert Taylor
 United States		 Lennox Miller
 Jamaica
1976 Montreal
 Hasely Crawford
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Don Quarrie
 Jamaica		 Valeriy Borzov
 Soviet Union
1980 Moscow
 Allan Wells
 Great Britain		 Silvio Leonard
 Cuba		 Petar Petrov
 Bulgaria
1984 Los Angeles
 Carl Lewis
 United States		 Sam Graddy
 United States		 Ben Johnson
 Canada
1988 Seoul
 Carl Lewis
 United States		 Linford Christie
 Great Britain		 Calvin Smith
 United States
1992 Barcelona
 Linford Christie
 Great Britain		 Frankie Fredericks
 Namibia		 Dennis Mitchell
 United States
1996 Atlanta
 Donovan Bailey
 Canada		 Frankie Fredericks
 Namibia		 Ato Boldon
 Trinidad and Tobago
2000 Sydney
 Maurice Greene
 United States		 Ato Boldon
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Obadele Thompson
 Barbados
2004 Athens
 Justin Gatlin
 United States		 Francis Obikwelu
 Portugal		 Maurice Greene
 United States
2008 Beijing
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Richard Thompson
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Walter Dix
 United States
2012 London
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Yohan Blake
 Jamaica		 Justin Gatlin
 United States
2016 Rio
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Justin Gatlin
 United States		 Andre De Grasse
 Canada
2020 Tokyo
 Marcell Jacobs
 Italy		 Fred Kerley
 United States		 Andre De Grasse
 Canada

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam
 Betty Robinson
 United States		 Fanny Rosenfeld
 Canada		 Ethel Smith
 Canada
1932 Los Angeles
 Stanisława Walasiewicz
 Poland		 Hilda Strike
 Canada		 Wilhelmina von Bremen
 United States
1936 Berlin
 Helen Stephens
 United States		 Stanisława Walasiewicz
 Poland		 Käthe Krauß
 Germany
1948 London
 Fanny Blankers-Koen
 Netherlands		 Dorothy Manley
 Great Britain		 Shirley Strickland
 Australia
1952 Helsinki
 Marjorie Jackson
 Australia		 Daphne Hasenjager
 South Africa		 Shirley Strickland de la Hunty
 Australia
1956 Melbourne
 Betty Cuthbert
 Australia		 Christa Stubnick
 United Team of Germany		 Marlene Matthews
 Australia
1960 Rome
 Wilma Rudolph
 United States		 Dorothy Hyman
 Great Britain		 Giuseppina Leone
 Italy
1964 Tokyo
 Wyomia Tyus
 United States		 Edith McGuire
 United States		 Ewa Kłobukowska
 Poland
1968 Mexico City
 Wyomia Tyus
 United States		 Barbara Ferrell
 United States		 Irena Szewińska
 Poland
1972 Munich
 Renate Stecher
 East Germany		 Raelene Boyle
 Australia		 Silvia Chivás
 Cuba
1976 Montreal
 Annegret Richter
 West Germany		 Renate Stecher
 East Germany		 Inge Helten
 West Germany
1980 Moscow
 Lyudmila Kondratyeva
 Soviet Union		 Marlies Göhr
 East Germany		 Ingrid Auerswald
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
 Evelyn Ashford
 United States		 Alice Brown
 United States		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica
1988 Seoul
 Florence Griffith-Joyner
 United States		 Evelyn Ashford
 United States		 Heike Drechsler
 East Germany
1992 Barcelona
 Gail Devers
 United States		 Juliet Cuthbert
 Jamaica		 Irina Privalova
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
 Gail Devers
 United States		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica		 Gwen Torrence
 United States
2000 Sydney
 Vacant[179] Ekaterini Thanou
 Greece		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica
Tayna Lawrence
 Jamaica
2004 Athens
 Yulia Nestsiarenka
 Belarus		 Lauryn Williams
 United States		 Veronica Campbell
 Jamaica
2008 Beijing
 Shelly-Ann Fraser
 Jamaica		 Sherone Simpson
 Jamaica		 none awarded
Kerron Stewart
 Jamaica
2012 London
 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
 Jamaica		 Carmelita Jeter
 United States		 Veronica Campbell-Brown
 Jamaica
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Elaine Thompson
 Jamaica		 Tori Bowie
 United States		 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
 Jamaica
2020 Tokyo
 Elaine Thompson-Herah
 Jamaica		 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
 Jamaica		 Shericka Jackson
 Jamaica
2024 Paris

World Championships medalists

Men

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Calvin Smith (USA)  Emmit King (USA)
1987 Rome
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Raymond Stewart (JAM)  Linford Christie (GBR)
1991 Tokyo
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Leroy Burrell (USA)  Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
  Linford Christie (GBR)  Andre Cason (USA)  Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1995 Gothenburg
  Donovan Bailey (CAN)  Bruny Surin (CAN)  Ato Boldon (TRI)
1997 Athens
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Donovan Bailey (CAN)  Tim Montgomery (USA)
1999 Seville
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Bruny Surin (CAN)  Dwain Chambers (GBR)
2001 Edmonton
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Bernard Williams (USA)  Ato Boldon (TRI)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Kim Collins (SKN)  Darrel Brown (TRI)  Darren Campbell (GBR)
2005 Helsinki
  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Michael Frater (JAM)  Kim Collins (SKN)
2007 Osaka
  Tyson Gay (USA)  Derrick Atkins (BAH)  Asafa Powell (JAM)
2009 Berlin
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Tyson Gay (USA)  Asafa Powell (JAM)
2011 Daegu
  Yohan Blake (JAM)  Walter Dix (USA)  Kim Collins (SKN)
2013 Moscow
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Nesta Carter (JAM)
2015 Beijing
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Trayvon Bromell (USA)
 Andre De Grasse (CAN)
2017 London
  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Christian Coleman (USA)  Usain Bolt (JAM)
2019 Doha
  Christian Coleman (USA)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Andre De Grasse (CAN)
2022 Eugene
  Fred Kerley (USA)  Marvin Bracy (USA)  Trayvon Bromell (USA)
2023 Budapest
  Noah Lyles (USA)  Letsile Tebogo (BOT)  Zharnel Hughes (GBR)

Women

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR)  Marita Koch (GDR)  Diane Williams (USA)
1987 Rome
  Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR)  Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1991 Tokyo
  Katrin Krabbe (GER)  Gwen Torrence (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1993 Stuttgart
  Gail Devers (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Gwen Torrence (USA)
1995 Gothenburg
  Gwen Torrence (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Irina Privalova (RUS)
1997 Athens
  Marion Jones (USA)  Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR)  Savatheda Fynes (BAH)
1999 Seville
  Marion Jones (USA)  Inger Miller (USA)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2001 Edmonton
  Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)  Chandra Sturrup (BAH)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Torri Edwards (USA)  Chandra Sturrup (BAH)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2005 Helsinki
  Lauryn Williams (USA)  Veronica Campbell (JAM)  Christine Arron (FRA)
2007 Osaka
  Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Lauryn Williams (USA)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2009 Berlin
  Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)  Kerron Stewart (JAM)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2011 Daegu
  Carmelita Jeter (USA)  Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI)
2013 Moscow
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Murielle Ahouré (CIV)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2015 Beijing
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Dafne Schippers (NED)  Tori Bowie (USA)
2017 London
  Tori Bowie (USA)  Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV)  Dafne Schippers (NED)
2019 Doha
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Dina Asher-Smith (GBR)  Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV)
2022 Eugene
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Shericka Jackson (JAM)  Elaine Thompson-Herah (JAM)
2023 Budapest
  Sha'Carri Richardson (USA)  Shericka Jackson (JAM)  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)

See also

Notes

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith-Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[1] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[1] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.54 s, recorded by Elaine Thompson-Herah at the 2021 Prefontaine meet in Eugene on 21 August 2021.[1][2]
    2. ↑ by World Athletics source; 30 October 2022 by OAA source

    References

    1. 1 2 3 Linthorne, Nicholas P. (June 1995). "The 100-m World Record by Florence Griffith-Joyner at the 1988 U.S. Olympic Trials" (PDF). Brunel University. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
    2. ↑ "Women's outdoor 100m". All-time top lists. IAAF. 17 September 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
    3. ↑ Bob Harris; Ramela Mills; Shanon Parker-Bennett (22 June 2004). BTEC First Sport. Heinemann. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-435-45460-9.
    4. ↑ "The Day - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
    5. ↑ "Athletics Weekly • View topic - IAAF Tweaks False Start Rule". Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
    6. ↑ "IAAF keeps one false-start rule". BBC. 3 August 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
    7. ↑ "Gatlin queries false start change". BBC News. 6 May 2005. Retrieved 15 August 2008.
    8. ↑ Christopher Clarey (28 August 2011). "Who Can Beat Bolt in the 100? Himself". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
    9. ↑ "The disqualification of Usain Bolt". IAAF. 28 August 2011. Archived from the original on 14 September 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
    10. ↑ "Usain Bolt 100m 10 meter Splits and Speed Endurance". Speedendurance.com. 22 August 2008. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
    11. ↑ Sandre-Tom. "IAAF Competition Rules 2009, Rule 164" (PDF). IAAF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
    12. ↑ 100 metres IAAF
    13. ↑ "Progression of 100 meters world record". ESPN. Associated Press. 12 May 2006. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
    14. ↑ "100 Metres Results" (PDF). IAAF. 16 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 August 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
    15. ↑ 100 Metres All Time. IAAF (9 March 2009). Retrieved 6 May 2009. Archived 8 May 2009.
    16. ↑ Linthorne, N.(PHD)(1995)The 100m World Record by Florence Griffith Joyner at the 1988 U.S Olympic Trials. Report for the International Amateur Athletic Federation Department of Physics, University of Western Australia
    17. ↑ Records - Records by Event - 100 Metres. World Athletics. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
    18. ↑ "Toplists – All time Top lists – Senior Outdoor 100 Metres Men". World Athletics. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
    19. ↑ "All-time men's best 100m". alltime-athletics.com. 25 August 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
    20. 1 2 Layden, Tim (31 August 2009). "Bolt Strikes Twice". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    21. 1 2 "100 Metres Result | 12th IAAF World Championships in Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    22. 1 2 3 Butler, Mark. "IAAF Statistics Handbook Special Edition Games of the XXXI Olympiad Rio 2016". p. 74. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    23. ↑ "Tyson Gay equals Usain Bolt's old world record with second fastest 100m". The Guardian. 20 September 2009. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    24. ↑ "News - 2009 Results / Video - Shanghai Golden Grand Prix". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    25. ↑ Campigotto, Jesse (23 August 2012). "Yohan Blake becomes 3rd man to run 9.69". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    26. ↑ "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Lausanne (SUI) 23 August 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    27. ↑ "News - 9.72 World Record for Usain Bolt - Reebok Grand Prix". www.runnerspace.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    28. ↑ Ledsom, Mark (2 September 2008). "Powell equals second fastest 100 meters time". Reuters. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    29. 1 2 3 4 5 "Men's 100m Split Times - by time" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    30. ↑ "Justin Gatlin runs fastest 100 meters in world this year". ESPN. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    31. ↑ "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Doha (QAT) 15.05.2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 11 May 2023.
    32. ↑ "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Rome (ITA) 4 June 2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    33. ↑ "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Lausanne (SUI) 9 July 2015 Results 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    34. ↑ "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2011 Brussels (BEL) 16.09.2011 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    35. ↑ "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Roma (ITA) 31 May 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    36. ↑ "SAMSUNG DIAMOND LEAGUE 2012 Zürich (SUI) 29 - 30 August 2012 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    37. ↑ "100m Results" (PDF). IAAF. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
    38. 1 2 "World Athletics Continental Tour | World Athletics". World Athletics. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
    39. ↑ "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
    40. ↑ "IAAF RESULTS 100 Metres Men - Final World Championships Moscow (RUS) 10-18 August 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    41. ↑ "IAAF DIAMOND LEAGUE Brussels (BEL) 5 September 2014 100m Men" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    42. ↑ "100 Metres Result | 15th IAAF World Championships". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
    43. 1 2 "NACAC NEW LIFE INVITATIONAL Mens 100 Dash". halfmiletiming.com. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
    44. ↑ Karen Rosen (25 June 2022). "Kerley cruises to speedy 100m triumph at US Championships". World Athletics. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
    45. ↑ "Nesta Carter ties for fastest 100 of year". The Seattle Times. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 10 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
    46. ↑ Litsky, Frank (17 June 1999). "Greene Breaks World Record in the 100 Meters". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    47. ↑ Cherry, Gene (4 June 2011). "Tyson Gay runs year's fastest 100 metres". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 14 December 2013.
    48. ↑ "Men's 100m Final Results" (PDF). olympics.com. 1 August 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
    49. ↑ "Thompson breaks record". guardian.co.tt. Trinidad and Tobago Guardian. 22 June 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
    50. ↑ "Hughes runs world-leading British 100m record in New York | REPORT | World Athletics". worldathletics.org. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
    51. ↑ "100m Final Results" (PDF). World Athletics. 20 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
    52. ↑ Jon Mulkeen (6 July 2021). "Thompson-Herah, Bol and Simbine sizzle to meeting records in Szekesfehervar". World Athletics. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
    53. ↑ "Burrell Eclipses 100-Meter Mark". Los Angeles Times. 7 July 1994. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
    54. ↑ "Parchment, Feng and Wanyonyi among winners on night of rematches in Xiamen". World Athletics. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
    55. ↑ "Justin Gatlin Ran 9.45 With Crazy Wind-Aid on Japanese TV". flotrack.org. 29 February 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
    56. ↑ Zinser, Lynn (30 June 2008),"Shattering Limits on the Track, and in the Pool" The New York Times
    57. ↑ Ewing, Lori (The Canadian Press) (18 June 2017), National Post
    58. ↑ "Results: Men 100 M (Final)". flashresults.com. 15 May 2021. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
    59. ↑ "100m World Record falls to Montgomery – 9.78!". iaaf.org. IAAF. 14 September 2002. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
    60. ↑ "CAS decision on Montgomery and Gaines". iaaf.org. IAAF. 13 December 2005. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
    61. ↑ Nikitaridis, Michalis (14 June 2005). "Powell keeps his World record promise". iaaf.org. IAAF. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
    62. ↑ "Toplists - All time Top lists - Senior Outdoor 100 Metres Women". World Athletics. 31 July 2021.
    63. ↑ "All-time women's best 100m". alltime-athletics.com. 31 July 2021.
    64. ↑ "Prefontaine Classic 2021 Complete Results" (PDF). sportresult.com. 21 August 2021. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
    65. 1 2 Simon Turnbull (27 August 2021). "Fraser-Pryce and Rojas show their class in Lausanne". World Athletics. Retrieved 10 September 2021.
    66. ↑ "Wanda Diamond League Stade Olympique de la Pontaise - Lausanne (SUI) 25th - 26th August 2021 Results 100m Women" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    67. ↑ "Women's 100m Split Times - by time" (PDF). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
    68. ↑ "Athletics – Women's 100m Final Results" (PDF). olympics.com. 31 July 2021. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 August 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
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    179. ↑ Marion Jones admitted to having taken performance enhancing drugs prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics. She relinquished her medals to the United States Olympic Committee, and the International Olympic Committee formally stripped her of her medals.
      100 metres
      1. not awarded
      2. Greece Ekaterini Thanou 11.12 and Jamaica Tayna Lawrence 11.18
      3. Jamaica Merlene Ottey 11.19
      The IOC did not initially decide to regrade the results, as silver medalist Ekaterini Thanou had herself been subsequently involved in a doping scandal in the run-up to the 2004 Summer Olympics. After two years of deliberation, in late 2009 the IOC decided to upgrade Lawrence and Ottey to silver and bronze respectively, and leave Thanou as a silver medallist, with the gold medal withheld.
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