World War II

P-39s at Dale Mabry Field in 1943

The squadron was first activated in January 1941 at MacDill Field, Florida as one of the three original squadrons of the 53d Pursuit Group. In May, it moved with the group to Dale Mabry Field, Florida, where it trained with Seversky P-35s and Curtiss P-40 Warhawks. Following the Pearl Harbor Attack, The squadron converted to Bell P-39 Airacobras as it prepared to deploy to Panama as part of the defenses of the Panama Canal.^[1][2]

On 2 January 1942 the 14th moved to Chame Airfield, Panama, an auxiliary field of Albrook Field.^[1] By 16 February, the Squadron had 12 P-39Ds (of which nine were airworthy) and not fewer than 26 pilots, but of these, only four had more than 12 months experience. Following its initial encampment at Chame No. 1, the Squadron moved to the nearby Chame No. 2 on 1 April 1942. The unit was redesignated the 14th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942, as were other Army Air Forces (AAF) pursuit units. The squadron remained at Chame until 10 November 1942, when it was relieved by the 28th Fighter Squadron, and returned to the United States.^[1][3]

Upon returning to the United States, the squadron became a Replacement Training Unit (RTU).^[1] RTUs were oversized units, whose mission was to train individual pilots or aircrews.^[4] It provided instruction in Airacobras, and later in North American P-51 Mustangs and Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.^[1] However, the AAF was finding that standard military units like the 14th, based on relatively inflexible tables of organization were not proving well adapted to the training mission. Accordingly, it adopted a more functional system which each base was organized into a separate numbered unit.^[5] On 1 May 1944, the 14th and its sister training unit, the 13th Fighter Squadron^[6] were disbanded, and RTU activities at Venice Army Air Field, Florida (the squadron's base since July 1943),^[1] were absorbed by the 337th AAF Base Unit (Replacement Training Unit, Fighter).

Reserve duty

The squadron was reconstituted in June 1947 and reactivated at Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pennsylvania the following month as a reserve unit under Air Defense Command. It was initially assigned directly to Eleventh Air Force,^{[note 2]} until the fall, when it became part of the 375th Troop Carrier Group. The 444th AAF Base Unit (Reserve Training) (later the 2239th Air Force Reserve Training Center) supervised the unit's training. In July 1948, Continental Air Command assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.^[7] It is not clear whether or not the squadron was fully staffed or equipped with operational aircraft.^[8] President Truman's reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force,^[9] and the 14th was inactivated and not replaced.^[1]

Air Defense Command

The squadron was redesignated the 14th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and activated by Air Defense Command (ADC), as the 521st Air Defense Group at Sioux City Municipal Airport, Iowa expanded from one to two interceptor squadrons.^[1][10] The squadron was equipped with North American F-86D Sabres equipped with fire-control radar and armed with Folding-Fin Aerial Rockets. In August 1955, ADC implemented Project Arrow, which was designed to bring back on the active list fighter units which had compiled memorable records in the two world wars.^[11] As a result, the squadron was again assigned to the 53d Fighter Group, which replaced the 521st at Sioux City.^[2][12]

In 1957, the squadron began replacing its F-86Ds with F-86Ls.^[13] The F-86L was an upgraded version of the F-86D, equipped with data link, which permitted it to receive direction from Semi-Automatic Ground Environment command centers without the need for voice communication with ground control intercept stations. The squadron inactivated in April 1960 as subsonic F-86s were withdrawn from air defense service.^[1]

Assignments

• 53d Pursuit Group (later 53d Fighter Group), 15 January 1941 – 1 May 1944
• Eleventh Air Force, 13 July 1947
• 375th Troop Carrier Group, 30 September 1947 – 27 June 1949
• 521st Air Defense Group, 18 November 1953
• 53d Fighter Group, 18 August 1955 – 1 April 1960^[1]

Stations

• MacDill Field, Florida, 15 January 1941
• Dale Mabry Field, Florida, 8 May – 18 December 1941
• Chame Airfield, Panama, 2 January - 10 November 1942
• Dale Mabry Field Florida, 26 November 1942
• Drew Field, Florida, 6 January 1943
• Page Field, Florida, 5 February 1943
• Venice Army Air Field, Florida, 10 July 1943 – 1 May 1944
• Greater Pittsburgh Airport, Pennsylvania, 13 July 1947 – 27 June 1949
• Sioux City Municipal Airport, Iowa, 18 November 1953 – 1 April 1960^[1]

Aircraft

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Buss, Lydus H.(ed), Sturm, Thomas A., Volan, Denys, and McMullen, Richard F., History of Continental Air Defense Command and Air Defense Command July to December 1955, Directorate of Historical Services, Air Defense Command, Ent AFB, CO, (1956)
• Cornett, Lloyd H; Johnson, Mildred W (1980). A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization, 1946–1980 (PDF). Peterson AFB, CO: Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2016. Retrieved 23 March 2012.
• Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L, eds. (1955). The Army Air Forces in World War II (PDF). Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

  Goss, William A. (1955). "The Organization and its Responsibilities, Chapter 2 The AAF". In Craven, Wesley F; Cate, James L. (eds.). The Army Air Forces in World War II (PDF). Vol. VI, Men & Planes. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. LCCN 48003657. OCLC 704158. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

• Knaack, Marcelle Size (1978). Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems (PDF). Vol. 2, Post-World War II Bombers 1945-1973. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-59-5. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556.

Further reading

• Hagedorn, Dan (1995). Alae Supra Canalem: Wings Over the Canal. Nashville, TN: Turner Publishing. ISBN 1-56311-153-5.
• "ADCOM's Fighter Interceptor Squadrons". The Interceptor. Aerospace Defense Command. 21 (1): 5–11, 26–31, 40–45, 54–59. January 1979.