1919 Detroit Stars
LeagueNegro league baseball
BallparkMack Park
CityDetroit
Record44–18 (.710)
League place1st
OwnersTenny Blount
ManagersPete Hill

The 1919 Detroit Stars baseball team competed in Negro league baseball during the 1919 baseball season. In their first year of competition, the Stars won the championship of independent western Negro league clubs.[1][2] While the Seamhead website reports that the team compiled a record of 27–13, the "Game Log" below includes 44 wins based on 1919 games for which contemporaneous newspaper accounts have been located.

The Stars played their home games at Mack Park in Detroit with a handful of games also played at Navin Field. The team was owned by Tenny Blount and led by player-manager Pete Hill who compiled a .396 batting average and .892 slugging percentage.[1][3]

Key personnel

Ownership

The team was established in 1919 by owner Tenny Blount (1873–1934), sometimes also known as "Teddy" Blount, with assistance from Rube Foster who owned the Chicago American Giants. Blount was an Alabama native who moved to Detroit in 1913 and became a prominent "numbers man".[4][5][6]

Hall of Fame inductees

Three players from the 1919 Stars were later inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame:

  • Pete Hill was the team's manager, center fielder, and leading batter. During the 1919 season, Hill compiled a .396 batting average with a .488 on-base percentage and an .892 slugging percentage.[1] By late July, he had already hit 16 home runs leading the press to describe him as a rival of Babe Ruth for 1919 slugging honors.[7] (In 1919, Hill's batting average was 74 points higher than Ruth, and his slugging percentage was 235 points higher than Ruth.) Hill was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006 by vote of the Negro League Committee.[8]
  • Oscar Charleston also joined the Stars late in the season. He was a left-handed slugger and played center field for the Stars.[1] He died in 1954 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976.[9]
  • José Méndez, a native of Cárdenas, Cuba, was the team's shortstop and also appeared in 12 games as a pitcher, compiling a 2.14 earned run average.[1] Nicknamed "The Black Diamond", Méndez died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006.[10]

Other batters

In addition to the three Hall of Fame inductees, the Stars received strong performances from several other position players.

First baseman Edgar Wesley, a left-handed hitter from Texas, compiled a .322 batting average and a .610 slugging percentage for the 1919 Stars. In 146 at bats, he tallied eight home runs, 21 extra-base hits, and 43 RBIs.[11]

Joe Hewitt, an infielder from Alabama, led the team with 153 at bats and ranked second with 36 runs scored and third with 36 hits.[12]

Second baseman Frank Warfield, a Kentucky native, led the team with eight triples.[12]

Pitchers

Sam Crawford were the team's leading pitcher, compiling a 10–4 record and 2.89 earned run average (ERA).[1]

John Donaldson also pitched for the stars, compiling a 2.33 ERA. Donaldson was regarded as one of the greatest pitchers of the era, appearing in approximately 700 games[13] with over 400 wins[14] and 5,000 strikeouts.[15] He was voted a first-team member of the 1952 Pittsburgh Courier player-voted poll of the Negro leagues best players ever.[16]

Season overview

During April and May, the Stars opened the season with a 13-game win streak, including victories over all-white semipro teams. In late May, an all-white team from Wyandotte, Michigan recruited Detroit Tigers pitcher Rudy Kallio to start a game against the Stars;[17][18] the Stars scored eight runs off Kallio.[19] The local semipro champion, the Maxwells, lost two games to the Stars in the first half of the season, then recruited major league pitcher Ralph Comstock to start a July 13 games against the Stars.[20] With Comstock pitching a strong game for the Maxwells, the Stars lost their first game to a white team by a 4–3 score.[21] The Stars played a total of six games with the Maxwells in 1919, winning three games and losing two.

The Stars' principal rivalry for the western championship of Negro league baseball came from Rube Foster's Chicago American Giants.[2][22] The Giants won two of three in a series played in Chicago in June. When the teams met for a series in Detroit in early July, the Stars won three games. The also played a seven-game seriesin late July and early August that was billed as the championship series.[23] The Stars won five games to take the championship.

As noted in the "Game Log" below, the Stars also played multiple series with other Negro League teams, including the Cuban Stars, Dayton Marcos from Ohio, and the Hilldale Club from Pennsylvania.

In the last game of the season, the Murray All Stars recruited Detroit Tigers pitcher Bernie Boland; Boland held the Stars scoreless.[24][25]

Roster

Name Image Position Height Weight Bats Place of birth Year of birth
Oscar CharlestonCF5'8"185LeftIndianapolis, Indiana1896
Sam CrawfordP6'1"200RightDallas, Texas1892
John DonaldsonLF6'1"180LeftGlasgow, Missouri1891
Frank DuncanLF6'1"180LeftMacon, Georgia1888
Bill Francis3B5'5"140RightPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania1879
Jelly GardnerLF5'7"160LeftRussellville, Arkansas1895
Willie Green3B
Joe HewittSS5'7"140LeftNew Market, Alabama1885
Pete HillCF5'8"170LeftBuena Vista, Virginia1882
Dicta JohnsonP5'7"134RightElizabethtown, Illinois1887
Tom JohnsonP6'0"180RightBryan, Texas1889
Dave Malarcher3B5'7"150BothSt. James Parish, Louisiana1894
José MéndezSS5'10"152RightCárdenas, Cuba1885
Bruce PetwayRF5'10"159BothNashville, Tennessee1885
Andrew Reed3B
Vicente RodríguezC5'11"
Candy Jim Taylor3B5'5"165RightAnderson, South Carolina1884
Frank Warfield2B5'7"160RightPembroke, Kentucky1899
Edgar Wesley1B5'11"215LeftWaco, Texas1891
Frank WickwareP5'10"180RightGirard, Kansas1888

Statistics

The following batting and pitching statistics are drawn from the Seamheads web site which appear to be incomplete.[1]

Batting

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; SLG = Slugging percentage

Pos Player G AB H BB Avg. SLG
SSJoe Hewitt401533822.248.288
1BEdgar Wesley411464712.322.610
2BFrank Warfield391443122.215.396
CFPete Hill381395523.396.892
RFBruce Petway361082010.185.250
SSJosé Méndez341022314.225.373
LFJohn Donaldson3398177.173.255
LFFrank Duncan22821911.232.354
CVicente Rodríguez28792110.266.342
LFJelly Gardner2160139.217.267
3BCandy Jim Taylor103487.235.294
3BDave Malarcher931114.355.452
PDicta Johnson122785.296.481

[1][26]

Pitching

Note: G = Games; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; PCT = Win percentage; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player G IP W L PCT ERA SO
Sam Crawford18112.0104.7142.8955
John Donaldson1185.055.5002.3338
Dicta Johnson1276.153.6254.7254
José Méndez746.1301.0002.1421
Frank Wickware738.132.6001.8823

[1][26]

Game log

Date Opponent Site Result Attendance Source
April 20MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitW 8–43,500[27]
April 27Northway MotorsMack Park, DetroitW 3-2[28][29]
May 4Knights of ColumbusMack Park, Detroit[30]
May 7London TecumsehsLondon, OntarioW 5-3[31]
May 8KitchenerKitchener, Ontario[31][32]
May 9London TecumsehsTecumseh Park, London, OntarioW 4–1[33]
May 10London TecumsehsLondon, Ontario[31][32]
May 11Cleveland GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 18–3[34]
May 18MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitW 2–0[35]
May 25Hayes Wheel Co.Mack Park, DetroitW 5–0[36][37][38]
May 30WyandotteCorrigan Field, Wyandotte, MIW 8–53,000[17][18][19]
May 30Dayton MarcosMack Park, DetroitW 3–0[39]
May 31Dayton MarcosMack Park, DetroitW 3–2[40]
June 1Dayton MarcosMack Park, DetroitW 7–2[41]
June 7Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitL 4-5[42][43][44]
June 8Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitL 3–76,000[45]
June 9Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitW 6–2[46]
June 10Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitW 3–0[47]
June 11Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitW 6–4[48]
June 17Chicago American GiantsSchorling's Park, ChicagoL 3–7[49]
June 18Chicago American GiantsSchorling's Park, ChicagoL 5–8[50][51]
June 19Chicago American GiantsChicagoW 5–4[52]
June 22Pittsburgh GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 16-1[53]
June 23Pittsburgh GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 19–5[54][55]
June 24Cuban StarsW 9–4[56]
June 26Cuban StarsW 9–8[57][58]
June 29Cowpers All-StarsMack Park, DetroitW 7-1[59][60]
July 4Chicago GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 2-0[61][62]
July 5Chicago GiantsMack Park, Detroit
July 6Chicago GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 7–5[63]
July 7Chicago GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 11–3[64]
July 13MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitL 3–4[21][65]
July 16Bacharach GiantsAtlantic City, NJW 6–3[66][67]
July 17Hilldale ClubPhiladelphiaL 5–6[68]
July 18Bacharach GiantsAtlantic City, NJL 0–1[69][70]
July 19Hilldale ClubPhiladelphiaRain
July 20Toledo Rail LightsMack Park, DetroitL 1–4[71]
July 26Chicago American GiantsNavin Field, DetroitL 5–7[72][73]
July 27Chicago American GiantsNavin Field, DetroitL 1–710,000[74]
July 28Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 13–5[75]
July 29Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 7–3[76]
July 30Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 8–5[77]
July 31Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 12–8[78]
August 2Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitW 10–6[79][80]
August 3Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitL 1–9[81]
August 3Hilldale ClubMack Park, DetroitW 3–1[81]
August 4Hilldale ClubDetroitW 7–1[82][83]
August 5Hilldale ClubDetroitL 3–6[84]
August 6Hilldale ClubW 8–6[85]
August 7Hilldale ClubDetroitL 3–6[86]
August 9Chicago American GiantsMack Park, ChicagoL 1-2[87][88]
August 10Chicago American GiantsMack Park, DetroitL 3–5[89]
August 17WyandotteMack Park, DetroitL 0–1[90][91][92]
August 23Dayton MarcosMack Park, DetroitW 5–3[93]
August 24Dayton MarcosMack Park, Detroit
August 30MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitW 6-5[94][95]
August 31MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitW 6–5[96]
September 1MaxwellsMack Park, DetroitL 2–5[97]
September 6Dayton MarcosWestwood Field, Dayton, OHW 9–4[98]
September 7Dayton MarcosWestwood Field, Dayton, OHW 11–0[99]
September 8Dayton MarcosWestwood Field, Dayton, OHW 4–3[100]
September 13Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitW 10–2[101]
September 14Cuban StarsMack Park, DetroitW 8–1[102]
September 21WyandotteMack Park, DetroitPostponed[103][104]
September 28River RougeMack Park, DetroitW 16–2[105][106]
October 4WyandotteMack Park, DetroitW 7–0[107][108]
October 11Murray All-StarMack Park, DetroitRain[109][24]
October 12Murray All StarsMack Park, DetroitL 0–3[25]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "1919 Detroit Stars". Seamheads.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  2. 1 2 "History of the Detroit Stars". Major League Baseball. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ↑ "1919 Detroit Stars". Seamheads.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  4. ↑ "Racism, baseball, and the Detroit Stars Negro league team". Michigan Chronicle. March 30, 2018. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.("numbers man")
  5. ↑ "Tenny Blount Killed In Plunge Down Stairway". The Tribune Independent. December 29, 1934. p. 1. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ Riley, James A. (1994). The Biographical Encyclopedia of the Negro Baseball Leagues. New York: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 0-7867-0959-6.
  7. ↑ "Stars Sluggers Are Prominent in Title Series". Detroit Free Press. July 27, 1919. p. 19. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Pete Hill". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  9. ↑ "Oscar Charleston". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  10. ↑ "José Méndez". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Edgar Wesley". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 11, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. 1 2 "1919 Detroit Stars". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  13. ↑ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 690 games as a pitcher."
  14. ↑ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 413 known wins as a pitcher."
  15. ↑ "Website listing all of John Donaldson's 5,081 strikeouts as a pitcher."
  16. ↑ "1952 Pittsburgh Courier Poll of Greatest Black Players". Archived from the original on 2018-04-08. Retrieved 2020-09-04.
  17. 1 2 "Corrigan Field Is Opened with Stars' Victory". Detroit Free Press. May 31, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. 1 2 "Tiger Twirler at Wyandotte". Detroit Free Press. May 29, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  20. ↑ "Comstock Will Pitch Against Detroit Stars". Detroit Free Press. July 13, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. 1 2 "Rally in Ninth Puts Maxwells on Right Side". Detroit Free Press. July 14, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ Todd Peterson (2013). "May The Best Man Win: The Black Ball Championships 1866–1923". Society for American Baseball Research. Archived from the original on 2020-09-17. Retrieved 2020-09-17.
  23. ↑ "Colored Teams Open Big Series At Navin Field". Detroit Free Press. July 26, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. 1 2 "Boland or Love Opposes Stars". Detroit Free Press. October 12, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. 1 2 "Boland Allows But Single Hit". Detroit Free Press. October 13, 1919. p. 16. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. 1 2 "1919 Detroit Stars". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  27. ↑ "Big Crowd Sees Detroit Stars Lick Maxwells". Detroit Free Press. April 21, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "Twin Bill Is Attraction At Mack Park Lot". Detroit Free Press. April 27, 1919. p. 22. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ "Stars Work Hard Scoring Odd Run on Doyle's Boys". Detroit Free Press. April 28, 1919. p. 12. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Southpaws To Have Argument at Mack Park". Detroit Free Press. May 4, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. 1 2 3 "Cleveland Sends Fast Club Here". Detroit Free Press. May 7, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  34. ↑ "Cleveland Giants Handed Beating by Detroit Team". Detroit Free Press. May 12, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "Champs Defeated by Colored Team in Good Battle". Detroit Free Press. May 19, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ↑ "Wickware Gives Jackson's Team But Three Hits". Detroit Free Press. May 26, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ "State Team To Tackle Stars". Detroit Free Press. May 22, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  41. ↑ "Detroit Stars Make Sweep in Dayton Series". Detroit Free Press. June 2, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  45. ↑ "Second Battle Goes Same Way as Initial One". Detroit Free Press. June 9, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 3, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  66. ↑ "Detroit Stars Break Bacharach's Streak". Philadelphia Inquirer. July 17, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  81. 1 2 "Detroit Stars Beat Easterners in First Game". Detroit Free Press. August 4, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  82. ↑ "Detroit Stars Beat Hilldale". Lancaster New Era. August 5, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  90. ↑ "Wyandotte Is Victorious in 11-Inning Game". Detroit Free Press. August 18, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  92. ↑ "Detroit Stars Battle 'Dottes at Mack Park". Detroit Free Press. August 17, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  93. ↑ "Detroit Stars Find Buckeyes Tough Opponent". Detroit Free Press. August 24, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  94. ↑ "Detroit Stars Take Thrilling Overtime Game". Detroit Free Press. August 31, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  95. ↑ "Detroit Stars and Maxwells To Open Series". Detroit Free Press. August 30, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  96. ↑ "Maxwells Drop Second Bout To Detroit Stars". Detroit Free Press. September 1, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  97. ↑ "Maxwells Win Final Contest From the Stars". September 2, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  98. ↑ "Marcos Lose To Detroit; Second Contest Today". Dayton Daily News. September 7, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  99. ↑ "Detroit Has Marco Goat". Dayton Daily News. September 8, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  100. ↑ "Marcos Drop Final Game". Dayton Herald. September 9, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  101. ↑ "Johnson Beats Cubans Easily". Detroit Free Press. September 14, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  102. ↑ "One Lone Tally All Cubans Get in Second Game". Detroit Free Press. September 15, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  103. ↑ "Sunday's Game May Mix Things". Detroit Free Press. September 20, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  104. ↑ "'Dottes vs. Stars Oct. 5". Detroit Free Press. September 23, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  105. ↑ "Detroit Stars have Gay Time Beating Rouge". Detroit Free Press. September 29, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  106. ↑ "River Rouge To Meet the Stars". Detroit Free Press. September 25, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  107. ↑ "Detroit Stars Shut Out Rivals". Detroit Free Press. October 6, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  108. ↑ "Detroit Stars Tackle 'Dottes". Detroit Free Press. October 4, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
  109. ↑ "Stars To Close Season Sunday". Detroit Free Press. October 9, 1919. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 17, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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