1968 Aegean Sea earthquake
1968 Aegean Sea earthquake is located in Aegean Sea
1968 Aegean Sea earthquake
UTC time1968-02-19 22:45:45
ISC event826342
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date20 February 1968 (1968-02-20)
Local time01:45 TRT (UTC+3)[1]
Magnitude7.0 Mw(USGS) , 7.4 Ms(ISC) [lower-roman 1]
Depth6.9 km (4.3 mi)[8]
Epicentre39°22′05″N 24°57′25″E / 39.368°N 24.957°E / 39.368; 24.957 Central Aegean Sea
FaultNorth Anatolian Fault[10][13]
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedTurkey, Greece
Total damage$0.6 million USD[14]
Max. intensityIX (Violent)[10]
Peak acceleration0.17 g[10]
ForeshocksML  3.2 1 minute prior[10]
AftershocksOver 2800, the largest of which was ML  5.3-5.6[10][12]
Casualties20 dead, 39 injured[10]

The 1968 Aegean Sea earthquake was a Mw 7.0 earthquake that occurred in the early morning hours of February 20th, 1968 local time about 57.1 km (35.5 mi) away from Myrina, Greece. This earthquake occurred between mainland Greece and Turkey, meaning both countries were impacted. 20 people died, and 39 people were injured to various degrees. It was the deadliest Greek earthquake since the 1956 Amorgos earthquake.

Tectonic setting

In the central Aegean Sea, the Aegean Sea Plate has a strike-slip boundary with the Anatolian Plate which accommodates deformation from seismic stresses.[15] A large strike slip fault, the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey, developed to more easily allow faulting in the area.[15] A large strand of the North Anatolian Fault branches southwest and traces near the north coast of the Gulf of Edremit.[12][5] This segment of the fault begins northeast of the gulf, at Lake Manyas. The segment enters the Aegean Sea near the town of Babakale, Ayvacık.

Earthquake

The Mw 7.0 earthquake struck nearest to the island of Lemnos, Greece in the middle of the night of February 20th. The source parameters of the earthquake indicate right-lateral strike slip faulting along the North Anatolian fault or a similar right lateral extension at the shallow depth of 6.9 km (4.3 mi).[10][16] The earthquake had faulting dimensions of 60–75 km (37–47 mi) by 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) with an average slip of 1.8–3.2 m (5 ft 11 in – 10 ft 6 in).[3][16] Surface rupturing was reported on Agios Efstratios island.[2] There were many recorded aftershocks (over 2800), with the largest being ML 5.3–5.6.[12] The earthquake was reportedly felt from as far away as Ankara, Turkey, and Sofia, Bulgaria.[10] A Ms  6.5 earthquake in 1967 put stress on the fault that ruptured during this event, and the rupture from this earthquake put strain on two faults: one that ruptured in a Ms  7.2 earthquake in 1981, and another fault that hosted a Ms  6.9 event in 1982.[16] This earthquake also released stress on nearby faults. Both the fault that ruptured in a Ms  6.4 event in late December 1981 and one that ruptured in a Ms  6.9 event in 1983 had reduced strain after this earthquake struck.[16]

Tsunami

Despite being a strike slip event, a type of faulting that does not typically favor tsunamigenesis, a 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) tsunami wave was recorded at the port of Myrina.[11][10] The cause may have been slumping on western St. Eustratios island.[10]

Damage

The earthquake killed 20 people, severely injured a further 18, while 21 had light injuries.[10] 175 houses collapsed in the earthquake, while another 397 were damaged so severely they could not be repaired.[10] 1951-2348 buildings had some structural damage such as cracks.[10][17] Some homes on Lemnos were also damaged by the shock.[14] The shaking was compounded with poor building quality and local conditions allowing for shaking amplification.[10] 3600 people became homeless as a result of this earthquake, and a total of 7618 people were affected.[18] As the island of Agios Efstratios is small and rather limited in resources, the island's authorities were unable to provide all of the relief from the disaster effects that were needed in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake.[17] Monetary damage was 600 thousand 1968 dollars, and when adjusted for inflation in 2000, damage from this earthquake amount to 4.674 million dollars.[18]

See Also

Notes

  1. ↑ Mw 7.0,[1] Mw  7.2[2]
    Ms 7.0,[3][4] Ms  7.1,[5] Ms  7.2,[4] Ms  7.3,[6][7] Ms  7.4,[8] Ms  7.5[9]
    mb 6.0,[4] mb  7.1[9]
    Mfa 7.4[10]
    M 7.1[11][12]

References

  1. 1 2 "M 7.0 - 57 km S of Mýrina, Greece". USGS. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 Kiratzi & Svigkas 2013.
  3. 1 2 North 1977.
  4. 1 2 3 Taymaz, Jackson & McKenzie 1991.
  5. 1 2 Papazachos, Kiratzi & Papadimitriou 1991.
  6. ↑ Jackson & McKenzie 1988.
  7. ↑ Ambraseys & Jackson 1998.
  8. 1 2 International Seismological Centre. ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue. Thatcham, United Kingdom. [Event 826342].
  9. 1 2 Abe 1981.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Drakopoulos & Ekonomides 1972.
  11. 1 2 "February 19, 1968". O.A.S.P. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Pavlides & Tranos 1991.
  13. ↑ Onat 2022.
  14. 1 2 "NGDC". NGDC. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  15. 1 2 McNeill et al. 2004.
  16. 1 2 3 4 Nalbant, Hubert & King 1998.
  17. 1 2 Mavroulis et al. 2022.
  18. 1 2 "EM-DAT, the International Disaster Database". EMDAT. Retrieved 15 November 2022.

Sources

Mavroulis, S.; Ilgac, M.; Tunçağ, M.; Lekkas, E.; Püskülcü, S.; Kourou, A.; Sextos, A.; Mavroulis, M.; Can, G.; Thoma, T.; Manousaki, M.; Karveleas, N. (12 January 2022). "Emergency response, intervention, and societal recovery in Greece and Turkey after the 30th October 2020, MW = 7.0, Samos (Aegean Sea) earthquake". Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 20 (14): 7933–7955. Bibcode:2022BuEE...20.7933M. doi:10.1007/s10518-022-01317-y. PMC 8753335. PMID 35210982. S2CID 245856772.

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