Two Bootle by-elections were held during 1990, for the House of Commons constituency of Bootle in Merseyside.

Bootle was one of the Labour Party's safest seats, having held the seat since 1945.

May by-election

May 1990 Bootle by-election

24 May 1990

Constituency of Bootle
Turnout50.6% (Decrease 22.3%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Candidate Michael Carr James Clappison John Cunningham
Party Labour Conservative Liberal Democrats
Popular vote 26,737 3,220 3,179
Percentage 75.4% 9.1% 8.9%
Swing Increase 8.5% Decrease 11.0% Decrease 4.1%

MP before election

Allan Roberts
Labour

Subsequent MP

Michael Carr
Labour

The first by-election was caused by the death of Labour MP Allan Roberts, on 21 March 1990. Roberts had held the seat since the 1979 general election, and his majority had remained over 15,000 votes; even at the 1983 general election, which was a landslide victory for the Conservative Party. At the 1987 general election, Roberts' majority had increased to almost 25,000 votes.

For the by-election, Labour selected Michael Carr, a full-time official for the Transport and General Workers Union, and a former Labour Party councillor. The Conservatives, who had consistently taken second place in the seat but was struggling in the national polls, nominated James Clappison, a barrister from Yorkshire. He had unsuccessfully contested Barnsley East for the Conservative Party in 1987, and the South Yorkshire constituency at the 1989 European Parliament election.

The newly named Liberal Democrats had suffered in the national polls since their formation by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party (SDP), and in Bootle they were challenged by both David Owen's continuing Social Democratic Party and Michael Meadowcroft's continuing Liberal Party, each consisting of members of the former SDP–Liberal Alliance parties who had rejected their merger.

The Green Party also nominated a candidate. Screaming Lord Sutch of the Official Monster Raving Loony Party and an independent rounded out the field.

The Loonies gained publicity after the Labour Party election agent unsuccessfully tried to get Sutch charged with having a public house as an election campaign headquarters. This had not been illegal since 1987.

The election was held on 24 May. Despite having to contend with a large field of candidates, Carr increased the Labour vote, to win with more than three-quarters of all the votes cast. The Conservative vote halved, although they retained second place, as the Liberal Democrat vote could not match that of the SDP–Liberal Alliance in 1987. The Greens polled 3.6%, while the continuing Liberals fared poorly, and the continuing Social Democrats were beaten even by the Monster Raving Loonies. Sutch jokingly offered to form a coalition with them, and the party was wound up soon afterwards, but Holmes formed yet another Social Democratic Party of members who wished to continue.

Bootle by-election, May 1990[1]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Michael Carr 26,737 75.4 +8.5
Conservative James Clappison 3,220 9.1 11.0
Liberal Democrats John Cunningham 3,179 8.9 4.1
Green Sean Brady 1,269 3.6 N/A
Liberal Kevin White 474 1.3 N/A
Monster Raving Loony Lord David Sutch 418 1.2 N/A
SDP Jack Holmes 155 0.4 N/A
Independent T. J. Schofield 27 0.1 N/A
Majority 23,517 66.3 +19.5
Turnout 35,477 50.6
Labour hold Swing +9.7

November by-election

November 1990 Bootle by-election

8 November 1990

Constituency of Bootle
Turnout39.7% (Decrease 10.9%)
  First party Second party Third party
 
Con
LD
Candidate Joe Benton James Clappison John Cunningham
Party Labour Conservative Liberal Democrats
Popular vote 22,052 2,587 2,216
Percentage 78.2% 9.2% 7.9%
Swing Increase 2.8% Increase 0.1% Decrease 1.0%

MP before election

Michael Carr
Labour

Subsequent MP

Joe Benton
Labour

Carr died on 20 July, only 57 days after his by-election victory. A second by-election was called for 8 November.

Labour nominated Joe Benton, the leader of Sefton Borough Council, a local Justice of the Peace and a personnel manager with Girobank. All the other parties nominated the same candidates as in May, except for the Social Democratic Party which did not participate (neither did the independent Schofield). The only addition to the field was David Black, a candidate in the previous year's Vauxhall and Vale of Glamorgan by-elections, standing as "Christian Alliance".

On a low turnout of 39.7%, Benton increased the Labour Party majority again, taking 78.2% of the vote. The Conservative vote held steady, while all the other parties fell back. This allowed the Loonies to overtake the continuing Liberal Party.

Benton remained as the Member of Parliament for Bootle until he retired in 2015,[2] while Clappison was elected in 1992 for Hertsmere; he too retired in 2015.

Bootle by-election, November 1990[3]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Joe Benton 22,052 78.2 + 2.8
Conservative James Clappison 2,587 9.2 + 0.1
Liberal Democrats John Cunningham 2,216 7.9 - 1.0
Green Sean Brady 557 2.0 - 1.6
Monster Raving Loony Lord David Sutch 310 1.1 - 0.1
Liberal Kevin White 291 1.0 - 0.3
Christian Alliance David Black 132 0.5 N/A
Majority 19,465 69.1
Turnout 28,145 39.7
Labour hold Swing + 1.5

References

  1. Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  2. "Joe Benton to step down as Labour MP for Bootle". BBC News. BBC. 12 June 2014. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  3. Boothroyd, David. "Results of Byelections in the 1987-92 Parliament". United Kingdom Election Results. Retrieved 1 October 2015.

See also

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