Gamba Osaka
1996 season
ManagerCroatia Josip Kuže
StadiumExpo '70 Commemorative Stadium
J.League12th
Emperor's CupSemifinals
J.League CupGL-A 6th
Top goalscorerLeague: Croatia Mladen Mladenović (11)
All: Netherlands Hans Gillhaus (14)
Highest home attendance
Lowest home attendance5,025 (vs Júbilo Iwata, 2 October 1996)
Average home league attendance8,004

1996 Gamba Osaka season

Review and events

League results summary

OverallHomeAway
PldWDLGFGAGDPtsWDLGFGAGDWDLGFGAGD
30 11 0 19 38 59  −21 33 8 0 7 24 28  −4 3 0 12 14 31  −17

Source: J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1997. ISBN 4-09-102329-0.

League results by round

Round123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
GroundAHAHAHAHAAHHAHAAHAHHAHAHAHAHAH
ResultWLLWLWLWWLWLLWWLLLWLLLLWLLLLLW
Position581091189978881099101011101010101111111213121312
Source: J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1997. ISBN 4-09-102329-0.
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

Competitions

CompetitionsPosition
J.League12th / 16 clubs
Emperor's CupSemifinals
J.League CupGL-A 6th / 8 clubs

Domestic results

J.League

16 March 1996 (1996-03-16) 1 Yokohama Marinos 1–2 Gamba Osaka Yokohama Mitsuzawa Football Stadium
19:05 JST (UTC+09) Acosta 46' J. League Mladenović 44', 58' Attendance: 11,728
Referee: Yasuhiro Matsuzaki
Assistant referees: Yū Nakamura, Toshiyuki Mayuzumi
Fourth official: Tasuku Onodera
20 March 1996 (1996-03-20) 2 Gamba Osaka 0–1 Yokohama Flügels Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
15:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Hattori 12' Attendance: 9,739
Referee: Hideo Kikuchi
Assistant referees: Kazuhisa Osada, Takashi Aoki
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
23 March 1996 (1996-03-23) 3 Júbilo Iwata 2–0 Gamba Osaka Júbilo Iwata Stadium
14:04 JST (UTC+09) Nakayama 72'
Schillaci 77'
J. League Attendance: 11,927
Referee: Tatsumi Ōno
Assistant referees: Kimio Izaki, Kō Ōishi
Fourth official: Tōru Nagata
30 March 1996 (1996-03-30) 4 Gamba Osaka 2–2 (V-goal) (a.e.t.)
(4–3 p)
Shimizu S-Pulse Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
15:00 JST (UTC+09) Mladenović 2', 54' J. League Nagai 25'
Y. Matsubara 89'
Attendance: 5,674
Referee: Kazuo Kakihana
Assistant referees: Naoki Esumi, Ichirō Inukai
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
Penalties
3 April 1996 (1996-04-03) 5 Urawa Red Diamonds 4–1 Gamba Osaka Urawa Komaba Stadium
19:04 JST (UTC+09) Fukunaga 57'
Bein 65'
Buchwald 73'
Tsuchihashi 76'
J. League Gillhaus 16' Attendance: 20,614
Referee: Fumikazu Shioyazono
Assistant referees: Mitsuru Satō, Masaaki Shimomura
Fourth official: Ichirō Kuwabara
6 April 1996 (1996-04-06) 6 Gamba Osaka 2–1 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Sanfrecce Hiroshima Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
15:00 JST (UTC+09) Mladenović 73'
Matsunami gold-colored soccer ball 98'
J. League Noh 81' Attendance: 7,042
Referee: Yasuhiro Hemmi
Assistant referees: Morihisa Yamaguchi, Akio Okutani
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
13 April 1996 (1996-04-13) 7 Nagoya Grampus Eight 2–0 Gamba Osaka Nagoya Mizuho Athletics Stadium
15:03 JST (UTC+09) Hirano 3'
Stojković 72'
J. League Attendance: 22,105
Referee: Yasuhiro Matsuzaki
Assistant referees: Yoshikazu Hiroshima, Ichirō Inukai
Fourth official: Takafumi Igarashi
17 April 1996 (1996-04-17) 8 Gamba Osaka 4–2 Kyoto Purple Sanga Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:01 JST (UTC+09) Mladenović 11', 58'
Morishita 47'
Gillhaus 75'
J. League Nagata 29'
Flavio 55'
Attendance: 6,349
Referee: Piotr Werner
Assistant referees: Hideaki Harada, Yasushi Tsuchimoto
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
20 April 1996 (1996-04-20) 9 Verdy Kawasaki 2–3 Gamba Osaka Kawasaki Todoroki Stadium
19:01 JST (UTC+09) K. Miura 40'
43' (o.g.)
J. League Hiraoka 59'
Morishita 77'
Matsunami 87'
Attendance: 10,858
Referee: Archundia
Assistant referees: Hiroshi Fukuda, Hisaharu Kitamura
Fourth official: Kenji Ōgiya
27 April 1996 (1996-04-27) 10 JEF United Ichihara 2–1 Gamba Osaka Yamagata Park Stadium
16:00 JST (UTC+09) 49'
Igarashi 89'
J. League Matsunami 74' Attendance: 13,153
Referee: Hiroshi Tanabe
Assistant referees: Toshiyuki Mayuzumi, Satoru Ishizawa
Fourth official: Masaki Abe
1 May 1996 (1996-05-01) 11 Gamba Osaka 2–1 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Bellmare Hiratsuka Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Matsunami 3'
Kitamura gold-colored soccer ball 110'
J. League Noguchi 31' Attendance: 7,153
Referee: Shinichirō Obata
Assistant referees: Morihisa Yamaguchi, Kazuhiko Matsumura
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
4 May 1996 (1996-05-04) 12 Gamba Osaka 1–7 Kashiwa Reysol Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
14:00 JST (UTC+09) Mladenović 70' J. League Edílson 48', 63', 77', 87', 88'
N. Katō 55'
Arima 89'
Attendance: 10,646
Referee: Tōru Kamikawa
Assistant referees: Hideaki Harada, Hiroyuki Izumi
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
11 May 1996 (1996-05-11) 13 Kashima Antlers 4–0 Gamba Osaka Kashima Soccer Stadium
14:59 JST (UTC+09) Mazinho 25'
Hasegawa 29'
40' (o.g.)
Sōma 66'
J. League Attendance: 15,142
Referee: Kiyoshi Ōta
Assistant referees: Yū Nakamura, Masahiro Katagiri
Fourth official: Masato Nogami
15 May 1996 (1996-05-15) 14 Gamba Osaka 3–0 Avispa Fukuoka Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Gillhaus 49'
Morioka 63'
Škrinjar 87'
J. League Attendance: 5,389
Referee: Zoran Petrović
Assistant referees: Takayoshi Kashino, Takuji Fukazawa
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
18 May 1996 (1996-05-18) 15 Cerezo Osaka 0–2 Gamba Osaka Osaka Nagai No.2 Stadium
15:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Gillhaus 52'
Kiba 89'
Attendance: 9,325
Referee: Kazuo Kakihana
Assistant referees: Takashi Kunori, Naoki Esumi
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
28 August 1996 (1996-08-28) 16 Kashiwa Reysol 1–0 Gamba Osaka Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Ishikawa 16' J. League Attendance: 6,093
Referee: Tetsuya Hamana
Assistant referees: Hiroshi Fukuda, Takao Onshi
Fourth official: Kōji Sugikawa
31 August 1996 (1996-08-31) 17 Gamba Osaka 0–1 Kashima Antlers Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Yanagisawa 57' Attendance: 8,665
Referee: Leslie Mottram
Assistant referees: Sōichirō Kaneko, Tōru Yamashiro
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
7 September 1996 (1996-09-07) 18 Avispa Fukuoka 1–0 Gamba Osaka Hakatanomori Football Stadium
18:29 JST (UTC+09) 23' (o.g.) J. League Attendance: 6,596
Referee: Shinichirō Obata
Assistant referees: Noboru Ishiyama, Hideaki Harada
Fourth official: Daikichi Kanada
14 September 1996 (1996-09-14) 19 Gamba Osaka 2–0 Cerezo Osaka Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
16:04 JST (UTC+09) Matsuyama 53'
Matsunami 58'
J. League Attendance: 7,210
Referee: Zoran Petrović
Assistant referees: Yoshikazu Hiroshima, Kōji Minami
Fourth official: Sōichirō Kaneko
21 September 1996 (1996-09-21) 20 Gamba Osaka 4–5 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Yokohama Marinos Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
15:00 JST (UTC+09) Matsuyama 9'
Mladenović 50', 83'
Babunski 75'
J. League Acosta 1'gold-colored soccer ball 117'
Bisconti 34', 57'
Omura 63'
Attendance: 7,874
Referee: Hiroshi Tanabe
Assistant referees: Satoru Kawano, Takayoshi Kashino
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
28 September 1996 (1996-09-28) 21 Yokohama Flügels 3–2 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Gamba Osaka Yokohama Mitsuzawa Football Stadium
18:33 JST (UTC+09) Hattori 21'
Evair 42'gold-colored soccer ball 102'
J. League Mladenović 48'
Shimada 67'
Attendance: 7,035
Referee: Leslie Mottram
Assistant referees: Kazuaki Hamaguchi, Toshimitsu Yoshida
Fourth official: Kenji Ōgiya
2 October 1996 (1996-10-02) 22 Gamba Osaka 0–1 Júbilo Iwata Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Schillaci 15' Attendance: 5,025
Referee: Zoran Petrović
Assistant referees: Akio Okutani, Hiroyuki Izumi
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
5 October 1996 (1996-10-05) 23 Shimizu S-Pulse 3–2 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Gamba Osaka Nihondaira Sports Stadium
15:04 JST (UTC+09) Nagai 79'
T. Itō 84'
Mukōjima gold-colored soccer ball 106'
J. League Gillhaus 44', 49' Attendance: 11,046
Referee: Hiroyuki Umemoto
Assistant referees: Yasushi Tsuchimoto, Akihisa Makino
Fourth official: Masakazu Hōjō
16 October 1996 (1996-10-16) 24 Gamba Osaka 1–0 (V-goal) (a.e.t.) Urawa Red Diamonds Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Gillhaus gold-colored soccer ball 93' J. League Attendance: 5,254
Referee: Shinichirō Obata
Assistant referees: Hideaki Harada, Satoru Ishizawa
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
19 October 1996 (1996-10-19) 25 Sanfrecce Hiroshima 2–0 Gamba Osaka Ehime Matsuyama Athletic Stadium
18:34 JST (UTC+09) Noh 51'
Huistra 56'
J. League Attendance: 7,202
Referee: Kazuo Kakihana
Assistant referees: Satoru Kawano, Tōru Yamashiro
Fourth official: Hiroshi Yoshinouchi
26 October 1996 (1996-10-26) 26 Gamba Osaka 0–3 Nagoya Grampus Eight Ishikawa Kanazawa Stadium
15:04 JST (UTC+09) J. League Stojković 38'
Mochizuki 60'
Hirano 63'
Attendance: 13,517
Referee: Bemard Saules
Assistant referees: Hisaharu Kitamura, Kō Ōishi
Fourth official: Tsutomu Kaji
30 October 1996 (1996-10-30) 27 Kyoto Purple Sanga 2–1 Gamba Osaka Kyoto Nishikyogoku Stadium
19:04 JST (UTC+09) Edmílson 62'
Carlos 70'
J. League Škrinjar 54' Attendance: 7,003
Referee: Hiroshi Tanabe
Assistant referees: Yoshikazu Hiroshima, Takashi Aoki
Fourth official: Yoshihisa Takahashi
2 November 1996 (1996-11-02) 28 Gamba Osaka 1–3 Verdy Kawasaki Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
15:01 JST (UTC+09) Kojima 60' J. League Magrão 53', 66'
K. Miura 86'
Attendance: 12,431
Referee: Leslie Mottram
Assistant referees: Sōichirō Kaneko, Ichirō Inukai
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
6 November 1996 (1996-11-06) 29 Bellmare Hiratsuka 2–0 Gamba Osaka Hiratsuka Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) 8' (o.g.)
Noguchi 88'
J. League Attendance: 6,335
Referee: Keiichi Sunakawa
Assistant referees: Kenichi Koshiyama, Masaaki Shimomura
Fourth official: Jun Hirayama
9 November 1996 (1996-11-09) 30 Gamba Osaka 2–1 JEF United Ichihara Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
14:30 JST (UTC+09) Isogai 34'
Gillhaus 89'
J. League 35' Attendance: 8,090
Referee: Yasuhiro Hemmi
Assistant referees: Naoyuki Mori, Masatoshi Shibata
Fourth official: Akio Okutani

Emperor's Cup

[1]

1st Round bye
2nd Round bye
17 November 1996 (1996-11-17) 3rd Round Gamba Osaka 4–1 Montedio Yamagata Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
: JST (UTC+09) Isogai ?'
Hiraoka ?'
Matsunami ?'
Mladenović ?'
? ?' Attendance: 1,028
23 December 1996 (1996-12-23) 4th Round Gamba Osaka 3–1 Fujitsu Kawasaki FC Kawasaki Todoroki Stadium
: JST (UTC+09) Morishita ?'
Matsunami ?'
Gillhaus ?'
? ?' Attendance: 5,531
26 December 1996 (1996-12-26) Quarterfinals Kyoto Purple Sanga 2–3 Gamba Osaka Yokohama Mitsuzawa Football Stadium
: JST (UTC+09) ? ?'
? ?'
Isogai ?'
Gillhaus ?'
Kojima ?'
Attendance: 1,413
29 December 1996 (1996-12-29) Semifinals Gamba Osaka 0–2 Sanfrecce Hiroshima Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
: JST (UTC+09) ? ?'
? ?'
Attendance: 8,452

J.League Cup

1 June 1996 (1996-06-01) GL-A-1-1 Yokohama Marinos 2–3 Gamba Osaka Yokohama Mitsuzawa Football Stadium
16:00 JST (UTC+09) Miura 56', 77' J. League Isogai 15', 52'
Gillhaus 18'
Attendance: 9,552
Referee: Naotsugu Fuse
Assistant referees: Hiroshi Fukuda, Hitoshi Nakagomi
Fourth official: Michio Nakahara
5 June 1996 (1996-06-05) GL-A-1-2 Gamba Osaka 1–1
(4–3 agg.)
Yokohama Marinos Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Matsuyama 66' J. League T. Yamada 79' Attendance: 7,114
Referee: Hideo Kikuchi
Assistant referees: Morihisa Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Ōnishi
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
8 June 1996 (1996-06-08) GL-A-2-1 Júbilo Iwata 3–1 Gamba Osaka Júbilo Iwata Stadium
19:02 JST (UTC+09) Nanami 23'
Fujita 30'
Schillaci 89'
J. League Gillhaus 12' Attendance: 13,150
Referee: Yoshimi Ogawa
Assistant referees: Naoyuki Mori, Kōji Minami
Fourth official: Toshiaki Futamata
12 June 1996 (1996-06-12) GL-A-2-2 Gamba Osaka 0–5
(1–8 agg.)
Júbilo Iwata Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Vanenburg 30'
Nakayama 34', 89'
Takeda 35'
Ōkura 71'
J. League Attendance: 5,421
Referee: Archundia
Assistant referees: Yoshikazu Hiroshima, Kazuhiko Matsumura
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
15 June 1996 (1996-06-15) GL-A-3-1 Sanfrecce Hiroshima 1–1 Gamba Osaka Oita Athletic Stadium
18:31 JST (UTC+09) Kubo 84' J. League Matsuyama 21' Attendance: 4,105
Referee: Zoran Petrović
Assistant referees: Noboru Ishiyama, Masatoshi Shibata
Fourth official: Tsunenori Nagamatsu
19 June 1996 (1996-06-19) GL-A-3-2 Gamba Osaka 0–3
(1–4 agg.)
Sanfrecce Hiroshima Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Moriyasu 37'
Kubo 47'
Michiki 50'
Attendance: 5,074
Referee: Yasuhiro Matsuzaki
Assistant referees: Satoru Ishizawa, Takayoshi Kashino
Fourth official: Tamotsu Ōnishi
22 June 1996 (1996-06-22) GL-A-4-1 Gamba Osaka 4–3 Kyoto Purple Sanga Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:04 JST (UTC+09) Matsunami 18', 31'
57' (o.g.)
Morioka 76'
J. League To. Yamaguchi 72'
Matsuhashi 84'
Ōkuma 89'
Attendance: 8,519
Referee: Fumikazu Shioyazono
Assistant referees: Hiroyuki Izumi, Kazuhisa Osada
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
26 June 1996 (1996-06-26) GL-A-4-2 Kyoto Purple Sanga 1–2
(4–6 agg.)
Gamba Osaka Kyoto Nishikyogoku Stadium
19:04 JST (UTC+09) Raudnei 77' J. League Škrinjar 43'
Matsunami 62'
Attendance: 8,508
Referee: Tōru Kamikawa
Assistant referees: Toshimitsu Yoshida, Kazuhiko Matsumura
Fourth official: Yōzō Tanaka
29 June 1996 (1996-06-29) GL-A-5-1 Gamba Osaka 1–4 Kashiwa Reysol Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Gillhaus 41' J. League Date 38'
Valdir 62'
Arima 66'
N. Katō 85'
Attendance: 5,323
Referee: Piotr Werner
Assistant referees: Naoyuki Mori, Hiroyuki Ōnishi
Fourth official: Sōichirō Kaneko
3 July 1996 (1996-07-03) GL-A-5-2 Kashiwa Reysol 2–0
(6–1 agg.)
Gamba Osaka Hitachi Kashiwa Soccer Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Watanabe 22'
Edílson 53'
J. League Attendance: 6,062
Referee: Yoshimi Ogawa
Assistant referees: Tetsu Karakida, Akihisa Makino
Fourth official: Katsuhiko Takayama
10 August 1996 (1996-08-10) GL-A-6-1 Gamba Osaka 1–1 Bellmare Hiratsuka Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Gillhaus 50' J. League Simão 36' Attendance: 5,730
Referee: Yoshitsugu Katayama
Assistant referees: Kazuya Yanagisawa, Takashi Aoki
Fourth official: Tsuyoshi Miyake
14 August 1996 (1996-08-14) GL-A-6-2 Bellmare Hiratsuka 0–0
(1–1 agg.)
Gamba Osaka Hiratsuka Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) J. League Attendance: 6,709
Referee: Hideo Kikuchi
Assistant referees: Kimio Izaki, Tetsu Karakida
Fourth official: Kazuhiko Uchida
17 August 1996 (1996-08-17) GL-A-7-1 Gamba Osaka 1–1 Urawa Red Diamonds Expo '70 Commemorative Stadium
19:00 JST (UTC+09) Matsuyama 89' J. League Ōshiba 58' Attendance: 8,010
Referee: Tōru Kamikawa
Assistant referees: Morihisa Yamaguchi, Akio Okutani
Fourth official: Sōichirō Kaneko
21 August 1996 (1996-08-21) GL-A-7-2 Urawa Red Diamonds 3–0
(4–1 agg.)
Gamba Osaka Urawa Komaba Stadium
19:03 JST (UTC+09) Taguchi 7'
Ōshiba 19'
Okano 34'
J. League Attendance: 18,483
Referee: Bemard Saules
Assistant referees: Masahiro Katagiri, Takayoshi Kashino
Fourth official: Izumi Okada

Player statistics

[2][3][1]

No. Pos Nat Player TotalJ.LeagueEmperor's CupJ.League Cup
AppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoals
GK Japan JPN Kenji Honnami 2601604060
GK Japan JPN Atsushi Shirai 00000000
GK Japan JPN Hayato Okanaka 2401600080
GK Japan JPN Hiroyuki Kishi 00000000
DF Japan JPN Takahiro Shimada 25110140110
DF Ukraine UKR Tsveiba 32017030120
DF Japan JPN Takeshi Yonezawa 00000000
DF Japan JPN Yūji Hashimoto 50100040
DF Japan JPN Keiju Karashima 2001100090
DF Japan JPN Takashi Kiyama 1401202000
DF Japan JPN Noritada Saneyoshi 42028040100
DF Japan JPN Takehiro Katō 50500000
DF Japan JPN Masao Kiba 38122130130
DF Japan JPN Tsuneyasu Miyamoto 2201302070
DF Japan JPN Kōjirō Kaimoto 100500050
DF Japan JPN Daiju Matsumoto 00000000
MF Belarus BLR Aleinikov 00000000
MF Croatia CRO Mladenović 231220111120
MF Japan JPN Yoshiyuki Matsuyama 40524240123
MF Japan JPN Kunio Kitamura 31110020
MF Japan JPN Hiromitsu Isogai 3352014292
MF Croatia CRO Škrinjar 26315200111
MF Japan JPN Sōjirō Ishii 00000000
MF Japan JPN Masafumi Nakaguchi 00000000
MF Japan JPN Kōji Kondō 3602403090
MF Japan JPN Hideki Yoshioka 00000000
MF Japan JPN Hitoshi Morishita 45328241130
MF Japan JPN Naoki Hiraoka 39224131120
MF Japan JPN Shigeru Morioka 2521610091
MF Japan JPN Hideki Nomiyama 20000020
MF Japan JPN Kenji Takagi 00000000
MF Japan JPN Hiromi Kojima 142913120
FW Netherlands NED Gillhaus 401423842134
FW Japan JPN Toshihiro Yamaguchi 1101100000
FW Japan JPN Hiroto Yamamura 00000000
FW Japan JPN Masanobu Matsunami 361020542123
FW Japan JPN Kensuke Nishijima 00000000
FW Japan JPN Yūzo Funakoshi 00000000
DF North Macedonia MKD Babunski 2111414030
  • Source:
  • † player(s) joined the team after the opening of this season.

Transfers

[4][2]

Transfers during the season

In

Out

Awards

[3] none

References

  • J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1996. ISBN 4-09-102324-X.
  • J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1997. ISBN 4-09-102329-0.
  • GAMBA OSAKA History Book 1991-2011. ISBN 978-4-583-61790-9.
  1. 1 2 GAMBA OSAKA History Book 1991-2011. ISBN 978-4-583-61790-9.
  2. 1 2 J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1996. ISBN 4-09-102324-X.
  3. 1 2 J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1997. ISBN 4-09-102329-0.
  4. J.LEAGUE OFFICIAL GUIDE 1995 NICOS series. ISBN 4-09-102321-5.

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