2003 Colorado Rockies
LeagueNational League
DivisionWest
BallparkCoors Field
CityDenver, Colorado
Record74–88 (.457)
Divisional place4th
OwnersJerry McMorris
General managersDan O'Dowd
ManagersClint Hurdle
TelevisionKTVD
Fox Sports Rocky Mountain
(George Frazier, Drew Goodman)
RadioKOA (AM)
(Jack Corrigan, Jeff Kingery)
Seasons

The Colorado Rockies' 2003 season was the 11th for the Rockies attempting to win the National League West. Clint Hurdle was the manager. They played home games at Coors Field. They finished with a record of 74–88, fourth in the NL West.

Offseason

  • November 16, 2002: Mike Hampton was traded by the Colorado Rockies with Juan Pierre and cash to the Florida Marlins for Charles Johnson, Preston Wilson, Pablo Ozuna, and Vic Darensbourg.[1]
  • January 8, 2003: Chris Stynes was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.[2]
  • January 23, 2003: Steve Reed was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.[3]
  • January 24, 2003: José Hernández and Mark Sweeney were signed as free agents by the Colorado Rockies.[4][5]
  • February 3, 2003: Darren Oliver was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.[6]
  • March 21, 2003: Jack Cust was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Baltimore Orioles for Chris Richard.[7]

Regular season

Season standings

National League West

NL West W L Pct. GB Home Road
San Francisco Giants 10061 0.621 — 57–24 43–37
Los Angeles Dodgers 8577 0.525 15½ 46–35 39–42
Arizona Diamondbacks 8478 0.519 16½ 45–36 39–42
Colorado Rockies 7488 0.457 26½ 49–32 25–56
San Diego Padres 6498 0.395 36½ 35–46 29–52

Record vs. opponents

2003 National League record

Source:
Team ARI ATL CHC CIN COL FLA HOU LAD MIL MON NYM PHI PIT SD SF STL AL
Arizona—2–52–47–210–92–55–110–93–34–24–24–23–39–105–143–311–4
Atlanta5–2—4–23–36–09–105–14–24–212–711–89–107–26–12–44–210–5
Chicago4–22–4—10–73–34–29–72–410–63–35–11–510–84–24–28–99–9
Cincinnati2–73–37–10—4–22–45–122–48–102–42–45–45–113–33–39–77-5
Colorado 9–100–63–32–4—4–22–47–125–13–42–52–43–612–77–124–29–6
Florida5–210–92–44–22–4—1–52–57–213–612–713–62–45–11–53–39–6
Houston1–51–57–912–54–25-1—4–29–83–32–42–410–63–32–411–711–7
Los Angeles 9–102–44–24–212–75–22–4—4–24–23–32–55–18–116–134–211–7
Milwaukee3–32–46–1010–81–52–78–92–4—0–66–34–210–75–11–53–135–7
Montreal2–47–123–34–24–36-133–32–46–0—14–58–113–34–27–01–59–9
New York2–48–111–54–25–27–124–23–33–65–14—7–124–23–34–21–55–10
Philadelphia2-410–95–14–54–26–134–25–22–411–812–7—2–44–33–34–28–7
Pittsburgh3–32–78–1011–56–34–26–101–57–103–32–44–2—4–22–47–105–7
San Diego10–91–62–43–37–121–53–311–81–52–43–33–42–4—5–142–48–10
San Francisco14–54–22–43–312–75–14–213–65–10–72–43–34–214–5—5–110–8
St. Louis3–32–49–87–92–43-37–112–413–35–15–12–410–74–21–5—10–8

Notable transactions

  • April 9, 2003: Greg Vaughn was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.[8]
  • June 3, 2003: Ian Stewart was drafted by the Colorado Rockies in the 1st round of the 2003 amateur draft. Player signed June 11, 2003.[9]
  • June 20, 2003: José Hernández was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Chicago Cubs for Mark Bellhorn.[10]
  • June 28, 2003: Gabe Kapler was purchased by the Boston Red Sox from the Colorado Rockies.[11]
  • July 13, 2003: Ben Petrick was traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Detroit Tigers for Adam Bernero.[12]
  • August 26, 2003: Gregg Zaun was signed as a free agent by the Colorado Rockies.[13]

Major League debuts

Roster

2003 Colorado Rockies
Roster
Pitchers Catchers

Infielders

 Outfielders

Other batters

 Manager

Coaches

Game log

2003 Game Log
April (15-12)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
1April 1@ Astros10–4Oswalt (1–0)Jennings (0–1)43,2410–1
2April 2@ Astros8–7Wagner (1–0)Jiménez (0–1)21,0820–2
3April 3@ Astros10–5Cruz (1–0)Robertson (0–1)21,1711–2
4April 4Diamondbacks2–1Chacón (1–0)Kim (0–1)Jiménez (1)48,0872–2
5April 5Diamondbacks4–3 (10)Reed (1–0)Batista (0–1)25,1973–2
6April 6Diamondbacks8–3Jennings (1–1)Schilling (0–1)25,4434–2
7April 8Cardinals15–12 (13)Eldred (1–0)Miceli (0–1)21,5634–3
8April 9Cardinals9–4Cruz (2–0)Tomko (0–1)24,1105–3
9April 10Cardinals7–6López (1–0)Kline (0–1)Jiménez (2)24,5866–3
10April 11@ Padres6–4Lawrence (2–0)Oliver (0–1)Villafuerte (2)21,1906–4
11April 12@ Padres3–2Speier (1–0)Villafuerte (0–1)Jiménez (3)30,8307–4
12April 13@ Padres6–2Wright (1–1)Cook (0–1)20,3167–5
13April 14@ Diamondbacks5–3Cruz (3–0)Kim (0–3)Jiménez (4)25,6888–5
14April 15@ Diamondbacks12–1Chacón (2–0)Patterson (0–1)31,1829–5
15April 16@ Diamondbacks4–3Mantei (3–0)Jiménez (0–2)28,5889–6
16April 17@ Diamondbacks11–2Schilling (1–2)Jennings (1–2)32,5079–7
17April 18Padres12–1Cook (1–1)Pérez (0–2)27,60910–7
18April 19Padres10–9Reed (2–0)Villafuerte (0–2)27,03111–7
19April 20Padres8–0Chacón (3–0)Peavy (3–1)28,00512–7
20April 22@ Phillies5–2Millwood (3–1)Oliver (0–2)Mesa (4)13,43112–8
21April 23@ Phillies6–4Myers (1–2)Jennings (1–3)Mesa (5)13,44412–9
22April 24@ Phillies9–1Wolf (3–1)Cook (1–2)16,94712–10
23April 25Cubs11–7Prior (4–1)Cruz (3–1)32,16212–11
24April 26Cubs8–5Chacón (4–0)Estes (1–3)Jiménez (5)35,60413–11
25April 27Cubs6–3Oliver (1–2)Zambrano (3–2)Jiménez (6)35,07014–11
26April 29Reds10–5Jennings (2–3)Reitsma (1–1)26,20615–11
27April 30Reds13–11Sullivan (2–0)Miceli (0–2)Williamson (6)26,43615–12
May (12-17)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
28May 1Reds7–2Austin (1–1)Cruz (3–2)28,78815–13
29May 2@ Cubs7–4Estes (2–3)Chacón (4–1)Borowski (5)29,23615–14
30May 3@ Cubs6–4Speier (2–0)Guthrie (0–2)Jiménez (7)38,33216–14
31May 4@ Cubs5–4 (10)Borowski (1–0)Reed (2–1)37,22316–15
32May 6@ Braves3–2Hernández (3–0)Jones (0–1)Smoltz (13)18,10816–16
33May 8@ Braves12–6Reynolds (2–1)Cruz (3–3)Smoltz (14)16–17
34May 8@ Braves5–2Ortiz (4–2)Chacón (4–2)Smoltz (15)22,82916–18
35May 9@ Marlins5–4Looper (3–1)Speier (2–1)10,27216–19
36May 10@ Marlins5–4Jennings (3–3)Tejera (0–1)Jiménez (8)16,54317–19
37May 11@ Marlins7–2Pavano (3–4)Cook (1–3)9,20517–20
38May 12Mets9–6Trachsel (1–2)Young (0–1)Benítez (12)25,44317–21
39May 13Mets9–8Reed (3–1)Cerda (0–1)Jiménez (9)25,04318–21
40May 14Mets6–5Reed (4–1)Stanton (2–3)Jiménez (10)26,75519–21
41May 15Expos4–2Jones (1–1)Tucker (0–1)Jiménez (11)23,19720–21
42May 16Expos4–1Ayala (3–1)Cruz (3–4)Biddle (11)27,11720–22
43May 17Expos6–4 (10)Ayala (4–1)Jones (1–2)Biddle (12)30,05220–23
44May 18Expos4–0Chacón (5–2)Ohka (3–5)30,72021–23
45May 20@ Dodgers3–1Brown (5–1)Oliver (1–3)Gagné (16)27,25121–24
46May 21@ Dodgers3–2Ishii (4–1)Jennings (3–4)Gagné (17)25,33221–25
47May 22@ Dodgers4–3Dreifort (4–3)Cook (1–4)Gagné (18)27,46121–26
48May 23Giants10–7Chacón (6–2)Moss (5–3)30,04322–26
49May 24Giants5–1Ainsworth (4–4)Elarton (0–1)31,475je22–27
50May 25Giants5–1Oliver (2–3)Foppert (2–4)33,72323–27
51May 26Giants12–7Fuentes (1–0)Nathan (5–2)28,34024–27
52May 27Dodgers7–3Cook (2–4)Ishii (4–2)26,46525–27
53May 28Dodgers6–0Chacón (7–2)Dreifort (4–4)27,10826–27
54May 29Dodgers12–5Elarton (1–1)Pérez (4–3)27,00727–27
55May 30@ Giants6–2Ainsworth (5–4)Oliver (2–4)38,43927–28
56May 31@ Giants2–1Foppert (3–4)Jennings (3–5)Worrell (14)40,25627–29
June (15-13)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
57June 1@ Giants4–0Rueter (6–1)Cook (2–5)41,40427–30
58June 2@ Giants4–1Chacón (8–2)Schmidt (4–2)Jiménez (12)34,23128–30
59June 3Indians7–3Elarton (2–1)Rodríguez (3–6)22,32629–30
60June 4Indians2–1Oliver (3–4)Traber (2–3)Jiménez (13)22,22230–30
61June 5Indians7–4Jennings (4–5)Sabathia (4–3)Jiménez (14)25,22131–30
62June 7Royals13–11George (6–4)Chacón (8–3)MacDougal (14)25,42131–31
63June 7Royals9–5Gilfillan (1–0)Jones (1–3)26,43531–32
64June 8Royals8–7Elarton (3–1)DeHart (0–2)Jiménez (15)30,08432–32
65June 10@ Twins5–0Jennings (5–5)Radke (5–6)18,88633–32
66June 11@ Twins7–4Lohse (6–4)Cook (2–6)Guardado (18)17,94233–33
67June 12@ Twins15–3Rogers (5–2)Oliver (3–5)18,00333–34
68June 13@ Tigers7–2Chacón (9–3)Cornejo (3–4)19,21234–34
69June 14@ Tigers9–7Ledezma (2–2)Elarton (3–2)Spurling (3)19,26034–35
70June 15@ Tigers5–4Jennings (6–5)Knotts (2–5)Jiménez (16)19,32335–35
71June 16Padres7–5Witasick (1–1)Jiménez (0–3)Beck (2)22,71635–36
72June 17Padres4–3 (8)Peavy (6–5)Neagle (0–1)Witasick (1)22,17835–37
73June 18Padres5–3Chacón (10–3)Jarvis (0–1)Speier (1)22,03336–37
74June 19Padres10–5Oliver (4–5)Lawrence (4–8)23,51537–37
75June 20Tigers7–5Maroth (2–11)Elarton (3–3)29,60337–38
76June 21Tigers9–6Jennings (7–5)Sparks (0–4)35,66038–38
77June 22Tigers5–3Neagle (1–1)Bernero (1–10)Jiménez (17)34,72339–38
78June 23@ Padres5–1Chacón (11–3)Jarvis (0–2)18,07240–38
79June 24@ Padres5–2Oliver (5–5)Lawrence (4–9)Jiménez (18)15,91541–38
80June 25@ Padres7–6Hackman (2–1)Jones (1–4)Beck (4)19,90841–39
81June 27@ Pirates5–3Fogg (4–3)Jennings (7–6)Williams (21)37,56641–40
82June 28@ Pirates5–4Neagle (2–1)Benson (5–8)Jiménez (19)25,08342–40
83June 29@ Pirates9–0Suppan (6–7)Chacón (11–4)20,47542–41
84June 30Diamondbacks8–7 (12)Randolph (3–0)Jiménez (0–4)33,53342–42
July (14-13)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
85July 1Diamondbacks7–4López (2–0)Good (3–2)Speier (2)25,20943–42
86July 2Diamondbacks6–2Jennings (8–6)Patterson (1–4)Fuentes (1)47,03244–42
87July 3Diamondbacks8–4Webb (5–2)Neagle (2–2)48,56044–43
88July 4@ Brewers8–6Reed (5–1)Estrella (2–1)Speier (3)21,14445–43
89July 5@ Brewers9–8Oliver (6–5)Ford (0–1)Fuentes (2)30,73146–43
90July 6@ Brewers3–1Sheets (7–6)Jiménez (0–5)DeJean (17)21,62346–44
91July 7@ Diamondbacks14–6Randolph (4–0)Cruz (3–5)32,01946–45
92July 8@ Diamondbacks9–3Webb (6–2)Reed (5–2)36,43646–46
93July 9Giants11–7Cook (3–6)Foppert (5–8)31,13947–46
94July 10Giants11–3Oliver (7–5)Powell (0–1)30,95448–46
95July 11Dodgers7–6Fuentes (2–0)Shuey (3–2)Speier (4)34,15049–46
96July 12Dodgers5–3Jennings (9–6)Ashby (2–6)Speier (5)41,69650–46
97July 13Dodgers9–3Álvarez (1–1)Neagle (2–3)32,48350–47
98July 17@ Giants8–4Moss (8–6)Jennings (9–7)41,05250–48
99July 18@ Giants7–0Brower (6–2)Oliver (7–6)41,69050–49
100July 19@ Giants5–3Schmidt (10–4)Chacón (11–5)Worrell (21)42,60750–50
101July 20@ Giants8–4Foppert (6–8)Neagle (2–4)42,62050–51
102July 21@ Dodgers4–1Stark (1–0)Ashby (2–7)27,24351–51
103July 22@ Dodgers5–2Nomo (11–8)Jennings (9–8)Gagné (34)30,41651–52
104July 23@ Dodgers8–3Oliver (8–6)Ishii (9–4)33,58952–52
105July 24@ Dodgers1–0 (11)Shuey (4–2)López (2–1)33,14452–53
106July 25Brewers7–3Tsao (1–0)Obermueller (0–1)39,01353–53
107July 26Brewers13–8Cook (4–6)De Los Santos (1–3)40,67554–53
108July 27Brewers6–1Jennings (10–8)Franklin (7–7)30,10855–53
109July 29@ Reds5–3Oliver (9–6)Haynes (2–11)Speier (6)25,66356–53
110July 30@ Reds3–2 (10)Reitsma (8–3)Jiménez (0–6)23,96256–54
111July 31@ Reds5–4 (10)Riedling (1–3)Fuentes (2–1)24,86156–55
August (9-19)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
112August 1@ Pirates12–11Sánchez (1–0)Bernero (1–13)22,41356–56
113August 2@ Pirates1–0Meadows (2–1)Jennings (10–9)Lincoln (4)37,82056–57
114August 3@ Pirates16–4Oliver (10–6)D'Amico (6–11)Jiménez (20)16,83957–57
115August 5Phillies7–2Myers (11–6)Chacón (11–6)28,03457–58
116August 6Phillies5–1Tsao (2–0)Duckworth (4–6)27,59958–58
117August 7Phillies4–3López (3–1)Millwood (11–8)Speier (7)27,85559–58
118August 8Pirates13–6Jiménez (1–6)Mahomes (0–1)28,36260–58
119August 9Pirates10–4D'Amico (7–11)Oliver (10–7)34,61160–59
120August 10Pirates5–3Figueroa (1–0)Chacón (11–7)Lincoln (5)26,90460–60
121August 11@ Expos3–1Day (6–4)Jennings (10–10)Biddle (28)6,40160–61
122August 12@ Expos6–3 (11)Fuentes (3–1)Biddle (3–5)López (1)7,27761–61
123August 13@ Expos6–5Vázquez (10–8)Stark (1–1)Ayala (3)6,72461–62
124August 15@ Mets5–0Glavine (8–11)Oliver (10–8)28,08161–63
125August 16@ Mets13–4Seo (6–8)Chacón (11–8)28,23361–64
126August 17@ Mets6–4Leiter (12–6)Jennings (10–11)Weathers (4)28,39361–65
127August 18@ Mets8–0Trachsel (12–7)Tsao (2–1)23,86561–66
128August 19Marlins10–2Stark (2–1)Pavano (9–11)25,88962–66
129August 20Marlins9–3Vance (1–0)Redman (10–7)23,53463–66
130August 21Marlins5–4Speier (3–1)Looper (4–3)23,84664–66
131August 22Braves9–3Maddux (12–10)Jennings (10–12)35,57864–67
132August 23Braves5–4Hampton (12–5)Tsao (2–2)Smoltz (44)42,30364–68
133August 24Braves12–6Ortiz (18–5)Stark (2–2)31,22764–69
134August 26Giants3–1Schmidt (13–5)Oliver (10–9)Worrell (28)24,10064–70
135August 27Giants6–4Ponson (16–9)Jiménez (1–7)Worrell (29)24,97264–71
136August 28Giants6–1Jennings (11–12)Correia (1–1)23,64565–71
137August 29@ Dodgers6–4Brown (13–7)Vance (1–1)Gagné (45)39,09265–72
138August 30@ Dodgers5–0Mota (4–2)Stark (2–3)35,13665–73
139August 31@ Dodgers3–0Pérez (11–10)Oliver (10–10)Gagné (46)41,14665–74
September (9-14)
#DateOpponentScoreWinLossSaveAttendanceRecord
140September 2@ Giants2–1Herges (3–2)Bernero (1–14)Worrel (33)39,41965–75
141September 3@ Giants7–6Nathan (9–3)Fuentes (3–2)38,49065–76
142September 5Dodgers8–7Mota (5–2)Reed (5–3)Gagné (48)26,82865–77
143September 6Dodgers10–2Pérez (12–10)Oliver (10–11)24,39365–78
144September 7Dodgers6–2Álvarez (4–1)Jiménez (1–8)Gagné (49)24,55365–79
145September 9@ Cardinals8–1Jennings (12–12)Haren (3–6)27,59166–79
146September 10@ Cardinals10–2Tomko (12–8)Elarton (3–4)25,39666–80
147September 11@ Cardinals9–4Oliver (11–11)Hitchcock (3–4)28,80167–80
148September 12@ Diamondbacks8–2Jiménez (2–8)Dessens (7–8)32,92268–80
149September 13@ Diamondbacks16–6Batista (10–8)Young (0–2)37,13968–81
150September 14@ Diamondbacks5–0Johnson (5–8)Jennings (12–13)35,15368–82
151September 16Astros14–4Robertson (15–7)Tsao (2–3)22,32868–83
152September 17Astros7–5Oliver (12–11)Villone (6–5)Speier (8)22,45469–83
153September 18Astros6–0Miller (14–12)Jiménez (2–9)21,71869–84
154September 19Padres6–5Elarton (4–4)Howard (1–3)Fuentes (3)31,97670–84
155September 20Padres11–3Lawrence (9–15)Vance (1–2)28,02870–85
156September 21Padres5–3Tsao (3–3)Eaton (8–12)Fuentes (4)28,16771–85
157September 23Diamondbacks20–9Oliver (13–11)Webb (10–8)22,68672–85
158September 24Diamondbacks6–3Johnson (6–8)Jiménez (2–10)Mantei (27)24,46572–86
159September 25Diamondbacks8–7Villarreal (10–7)Fuentes (3–3)Mantei (28)23,05672–87
160September 26@ Padres5–0Eaton (9–12)Vance (1–3)45,58872–88
161September 27@ Padres10–2Stark (3–3)Bynum (1–4)42,47973–88
162September 28@ Padres10–8López (4–1)Witasick (3–7)Speier (9)60,98874–88

Player stats

= Indicates team leader

Batting

Starters by position

Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pos Player G AB H Avg. HR RBI
C Charles Johnson 108 356 82 .230 20 61
1B Todd Helton 160 583 209 .358 33 117
2B Ronnie Belliard 116 447 124 .277 8 50
SS Juan Uribe 87 316 80 .253 10 33
3B Chris Stynes 138 443 113 .335 11 73
LF Jay Payton 157 600 181 .302 28 89
CF Preston Wilson 155 600 169 .282 36 141
RF Larry Walker 143 454 129 .284 16 79

Other batters

Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Player G AB H Avg. HR RBI
José Hernández6925761.237827
Greg Norton11417947.263631
Bobby Estalella4614028.200721
René Reyes5311630.25927
Mark Bellhorn4811026.23604
Mark Sweeney679725.258214
Brent Butler379019.21114
Tony Womack217915.19005
Garrett Atkins256911.15904
Gabe Kapler396715.22404
Gregg Zaun154612.26138
Pablo Ozuna17408.20002
Greg Vaughn22377.18935
Chris Richard19276.22213
Clint Barmes12258.32002
Kit Pellow11188.44414
Mandy Romero373.42900
Ben Petrick320.00000
Luke Allen220.00000

Pitching

Starting pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player G IP W L ERA SO
Jason Jennings32181.112135.11119
Darren Oliver33180.113115.0488
Shawn Chacón23137.01184.6093
Denny Stark1778.2335.8330
Scott Elarton1151.2446.2720
Chin-hui Tsao943.1336.0229
Denny Neagle735.1247.9021

Other pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player G IP W L ERA SO
Aaron Cook43124.0466.0243
Nelson Cruz2053.2357.2138
Cory Vance927.1135.6012
Jason Young821.1028.4418

Relief pitchers

Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Player G W L SV ERA SO
José Jiménez63210205.2245
Brian Fuentes753342.7582
Javier López754113.7040
Justin Speier723194.0566
Steve Reed675303.2739
Todd Jones331408.2428
Adam Bernero310205.2326
Dan Miceli140205.6618
Jesús Sánchez90009.002
Joe Roa40004.054
Matt Miller40002.085
Vic Darensbourg30000.000

Farm system

Level Team League Manager
AAA Colorado Springs Sky Sox Pacific Coast League Rick Sofield
AA Tulsa Drillers Texas League Marv Foley
A Visalia Oaks California League Stu Cole
A Asheville Tourists South Atlantic League Joe Mikulik
A-Short Season Tri-City Dust Devils Northwest League Ron Gideon
Rookie Casper Rockies Pioneer League P. J. Carey

[15]

References

  1. ↑ "Preston Wilson Stats".
  2. ↑ "Chris Stynes Stats".
  3. ↑ "Steve Reed Stats".
  4. ↑ "Jose Hernandez Stats".
  5. ↑ "Mark Sweeney Stats".
  6. ↑ "Darren Oliver Stats".
  7. ↑ "Chris Richard Stats".
  8. ↑ "Greg Vaughn Stats".
  9. ↑ "Ian Stewart Stats".
  10. ↑ "Mark Bellhorn Stats".
  11. ↑ Gabe Kapler Statistics - Baseball-Reference.com
  12. ↑ "Adam Bernero Stats".
  13. ↑ Gregg Zaun Statistics - Baseball-Reference.com
  14. ↑ "2003 National League Baseball Debuts / Rookies by Baseball Almanac".
  15. ↑ Johnson, Lloyd, and Wolff, Miles, ed., The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball, 3rd edition. Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 2007
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