An ordinary election for the first full bench of 18 judges of the International Criminal Court was held during the first resumption of the 1st session of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in New York between 3 and 7 February 2003.[1]

Background

The judges elected at this election were to take office on 11 March 2003. Six judges were to remain in office until 2006 (re-eligible), six until 2009 (not re-eligible) and another six for the whole nine-year term until 2012 (not re-eligible).

The election was governed by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Its article 36(8)(a) states that "[t]he States Parties shall, in the selection of judges, take into account the need, within the membership of the Court, for:

  • (i) The representation of the principal legal systems of the world;
  • (ii) Equitable geographical representation; and
  • (iii) A fair representation of female and male judges."

Furthermore, article 36(3)(b) and 36(5) provide for two lists:

  • List A contains those judges that "[h]ave established competence in criminal law and procedure, and the necessary relevant experience, whether as judge, prosecutor, advocate or in other similar capacity, in criminal proceedings";
  • List B contains those who "[h]ave established competence in relevant areas of international law such as international humanitarian law and the law of human rights, and extensive experience in a professional legal capacity which is of relevance to the judicial work of the Court".

Each candidate must belong to exactly one list.

Nomination process

Following the rules, the nomination period of judges for the 2003 election lasted from 9 September to 30 November 2002. The following persons were nominated:[2]

Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender
René Blattmann BoliviaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Antonio Boggiano ArgentinaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Marc Bossuyt BelgiumList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Maureen H. Clark IrelandList AWestern European and Other StatesFemale
Ion Diaconu RomaniaList BEastern European StatesMale
Fatoumata D. Diarra MaliList AAfrican StatesFemale
Jargalsaikhany Enkhsaikhan MongoliaList BAsian StatesMale
Adrian Fulford United KingdomList AWestern European and Other StatesMale
Ioannis Giannidis GreeceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale
Dimitar Gochev BulgariaList BEastern European StatesMale
Bunchhat Heng Vong CambodiaList BAsian StatesMale
Karl T. Hudson-Phillips Trinidad and TobagoList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Claude Jorda FranceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale
Ivo Josipović CroatiaList BEastern European StatesMale
Adolphus G. Karibi-White NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale
Hajnalka Kárpáti HungaryList AEastern European StatesFemale
Joseph-Médard Katuala Kaba Kashala Democratic Republic of the CongoList AAfrican StatesMale
Hans-Peter Kaul GermanyList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Philippe Kirsch CanadaList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Erkki Kourula FinlandList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Akua Kuenyahia GhanaList BAfrican StatesFemale
Kamugumya S. K. Lugakingira TanzaniaList AAfrican StatesMale
Roberto Maclean Ugarteche PeruList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Doudou Ndir SenegalList AAfrican StatesMale
Rafael Nieto Navia ColombiaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Daniel D. N. Nsereko UgandaList BAfrican StatesMale
Elizabeth Odio Benito Costa RicaList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesFemale
Barbara L. Ott  SwitzerlandList AWestern European and Other StatesFemale
Gheorghios M. Pikis CyprusList AAsian StatesMale
Navanethem Pillay South AfricaList BAfrican StatesFemale
Mauro Politi ItalyList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Almiro Rodrigues PortugalList AWestern European and Other StatesMale
Victor Rodríguez-Cedeño VenezuelaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale
Mory O. Sissoko NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale
Tuiloma N. Slade SamoaList AAsian StatesMale
Raymond C. Sock GambiaList BAfrican StatesMale
Sang-hyun Song South KoreaList AAsian StatesMale
Sylvia H. de Figueiredo Steiner BrazilList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesFemale
Timoci U. Tuivaga FijiList AAsian StatesMale
Anita Ušacka LatviaList BEastern European StatesFemale
Juan A. Yáñez-Barnuevo SpainList BWestern European and Other StatesMale
Eleonora Zielińska PolandList AEastern European StatesFemale
Boštjan Zupančič SloveniaList AEastern European StatesMale

The candidature of Kocou A. Capo-Chichi of Benin was withdrawn.

Minimum voting requirements

Minimum voting requirements governed part of the election. This was to ensure that article 36(8)(a) cited above is fulfilled. The following minimum voting requirements existed:

Regarding the List A or B requirement, there was a minimum voting requirement (not to be waived at any time) of nine judges from List A and five judges from List B.[3]

Regarding the regional criteria, there were minimum voting requirements for three African, two Asian, two Eastern European judges, three Latin American and Caribbean judges and three judges from Western European and Other States.

Regarding the gender criteria, there was a minimum voting requirement for six female and six male judges.

The voting requirements were as follows:

Criterion Voting requirement ex ante Candidates as of now Adjusted voting requirement Adjusted requirement equals ex ante?
Lists A or B
List A9229Yes
List B6226Yes
Regional criteria
African states3113Yes
Asian states262Yes
Eastern European states272Yes
Latin American and Caribbean States383Yes
Western European and other States3123Yes
Gender criteria
Female6106Yes
Male6346Yes

Ballots

The ballots took place in February 2003.

Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender 1st round 2nd round 3rd round 4th round 5th round 6th round 7th round 8th round 9th round 10th round 11th round
Number of States Parties voting8380838385858585858585
Two-thirds majority5654565657575757575757
Maureen H. Clark IrelandList AWestern European and Other StatesFemale65elected
Fatoumata D. Diarra MaliList AAfrican StatesFemale65elected
Sang-hyun Song South KoreaList AAsian StatesMale63elected
Sylvia H. de Figueiredo Steiner BrazilList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesFemale61elected
Akua Kuenyahia GhanaList BAfrican StatesFemale60elected
Elizabeth Odio Benito Costa RicaList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesFemale60elected
Navanethem Pillay South AfricaList BAfrican StatesFemale56elected
Karl T. Hudson-Phillips Trinidad and TobagoList ALatin American and Caribbean StatesMale534956elected
Gheorghios M. Pikis CyprusList AAsian StatesMale43475060elected
Philippe Kirsch CanadaList BWestern European and Other StatesMale55465457elected
Erkki Kourula FinlandList BWestern European and Other StatesMale51535456elected
Adrian Fulford United KingdomList AWestern European and Other StatesMale424547505054535259elected
Anita Ušacka LatviaList BEastern European StatesFemale463137524951505559elected
Hans-Peter Kaul GermanyList BWestern European and Other StatesMale434548475450504657elected
René Blattmann BoliviaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale3027303948515146485049
Mauro Politi ItalyList BWestern European and Other StatesMale4646495254444142494747
Claude Jorda FranceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale4343434645444643464545
Ivo Josipović CroatiaList BEastern European StatesMale2630394749424139454438
Barbara L. Ott  SwitzerlandList AWestern European and Other StatesFemale4536363839444234373134
Tuiloma N. Slade SamoaList AAsian StatesMale3430333234434644423931
Adolphus G. Karibi-White NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale3019213027373733362930
Doudou Ndir SenegalList AAfrican StatesMale3917191919272726261918
Bunchhat Heng Vong CambodiaList BAsian StatesMale151088657101099
Antonio Boggiano ArgentinaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale18711991199withdrawn
Juan A. Yáñez-Barnuevo SpainList BWestern European and Other StatesMale28242235262117withdrawn
Boštjan Zupančič SloveniaList AEastern European StatesMale2727272310withdrawn
Ioannis Giannidis GreeceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale141518118withdrawn
Hajnalka Kárpáti HungaryList AEastern European StatesFemale352624208withdrawn
Dimitar Gochev BulgariaList BEastern European StatesMale181820215withdrawn
Eleonora Zielińska PolandList AEastern European StatesFemale362624155withdrawn
Ion Diaconu RomaniaList BEastern European StatesMale23232015withdrawn
Victor Rodríguez-Cedeño VenezuelaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale209108withdrawn
Almiro Rodrigues PortugalList AWestern European and Other StatesMale282419withdrawn
Rafael Nieto Navia ColombiaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale1678withdrawn
Mory O. Sissoko NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale977withdrawn
Jargalsaikhany Enkhsaikhan MongoliaList BAsian StatesMale27116withdrawn
Timoci U. Tuivaga FijiList AAsian StatesMale1476withdrawn
Joseph-Médard Katuala Kaba Kashala Democratic Republic of the CongoList AAfrican StatesMale1485withdrawn
Roberto Maclean Ugarteche PeruList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale1810withdrawn
Marc Bossuyt BelgiumList BWestern European and Other StatesMale209withdrawn
Daniel D. N. Nsereko UgandaList BAfrican StatesMale209withdrawn
Raymond C. Sock GambiaList BAfrican StatesMale9withdrawn
Kamugumya S. K. Lugakingira TanzaniaList AAfrican StatesMale8withdrawn
Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender 12th round 13th round 14th round 15th round 16th round 17th round 18th round 19th round 20th round 21st round 22nd round
Number of States Parties voting8584848485858585858583
Two-thirds majority5756565657575757575756
René Blattmann BoliviaList BLatin American and Caribbean StatesMale5257elected
Mauro Politi ItalyList BWestern European and Other StatesMale48464548525252545658elected
Claude Jorda FranceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale4747504847474749484945
Tuiloma N. Slade SamoaList AAsian StatesMale2927252228283939374244
Ivo Josipović CroatiaList BEastern European StatesMale4042374140414542393740
Adolphus G. Karibi-White NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale3129272426242120232014
Doudou Ndir SenegalList AAfrican StatesMale1615101515161513131210
Barbara L. Ott  SwitzerlandList AWestern European and Other StatesFemale333125221917withdrawn
Bunchhat Heng Vong CambodiaList BAsian StatesMale8655withdrawn
Name Nationality List A or B Region Gender 23rd round 24th round 25th round 26th round 27th round 28th round 29th round 30th round 31st round 32nd round 33rd round
Number of States Parties voting8584858585858484838380
Two-thirds majority5756575757575656565654
Tuiloma N. Slade SamoaList AAsian StatesMale454646495258elected
Claude Jorda FranceList AWestern European and Other StatesMale4544444444414046505357
Adolphus G. Karibi-White NigeriaList AAfrican StatesMale2420191719161283623
Ivo Josipović CroatiaList BEastern European StatesMale37353640423832303024withdrawn
Doudou Ndir SenegalList AAfrican StatesMalewithdrawn

References

  1. "Election of the judges of the International Criminal Court". International Criminal Court. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  2. United Nations (2003). Nominations for judges of the International Criminal Court – First election Archived 8 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 11 April 2022
  3. Note verbale governing the election Archived 3 June 2015 at the Library of Congress Web Archives. ICC. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
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