2015–16 season | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Chairman | Werner Spinner | |||
Manager | Peter Stöger | |||
Stadium | RheinEnergieStadion, Cologne | |||
Bundesliga | 9th | |||
DFB-Pokal | Second round | |||
Top goalscorer | League: Anthony Modeste (15) All: Anthony Modeste (18) | |||
| ||||
Background
1. FC Köln finished the 2014–15 Bundesliga in 12th place, thus ensuring a place in the 2015–16 Bundesliga. The 2015–16 season is the 45th season for the club in the Bundesliga and the second season in their current spell. The percentage of possible seasons in the Bundesliga amounts to 84.9% for the club. At the start of the season the club was on 16th place in the German TV money table.[1]
Review
After matchday 31 the club achieved the goal to play in the Bundesliga in the season 2016/2017 by avoiding relegation. The 2016/2017 season will be the third succeeding season in the Bundesliga for the club since the promotion in 2014. At the end of the season the club will climb in the German TV money table from 16th to the 14th place.[2] Finishing on the 9th position was the best club finish in the Bundesliga since the 1991/1992 season. During the season 1. FC Köln overtook the clubs Hamburger SV and Borussia Mönchengladbach to become the fourth largest club in Germany with 78.518 members in May 2016. Worldwide the club is the 14th largest football club at the moment.
Players
Squad
As of 20 March 2016[3]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Players who left the club during the 2015–16 season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Players who joined the club during the 2015–16 season
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Transfers
In
No. |
Pos. |
Nat. |
Name |
Age | EU |
Moving from |
Type |
Transfer window |
Ends |
Transfer fee |
Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
9 | FW | Anthony Modeste | 27 | EU | 1899 Hoffenheim | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [4] | ||
8 | MF | Miloš Jojić | 23 | Non-EU | Borussia Dortmund | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [5] | ||
21 | MF | Leonardo Bittencourt | 21 | EU | Hannover 96 | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [6] | ||
4 | DF | Frederik Sørensen | 23 | EU | Juventus | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [7] | ||
3 | DF | Dominique Heintz | 21 | EU | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [8] | ||
25 | DF | Filip Mladenović | 24 | EU | BATE Borisov | Transfer | Summer | 2019 | [9] | ||
15 | FW | Philipp Hosiner | 26 | EU | Rennes | Loan | Summer | 2016 | [10] |
Out
N |
Pos. |
Nat. |
Name |
Age | EU |
Moving to |
Type |
Transfer window |
Transfer fee |
Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
28 | DF | Kevin Wimmer | 22 | EU | Tottenham Hotspur | Transfer | Summer | [11] | ||
9 | FW | Anthony Ujah | 24 | Non-EU | Werder Bremen | Transfer | Summer | [12] | ||
22 | MF | Daniel Halfar | 27 | EU | 1. FC Kaiserslautern | Transfer | Summer | [13] | ||
2 | DF | Mišo Brečko | 31 | EU | 1. FC Nürnberg | Transfer | Summer | [14] | ||
17 | MF | Sławomir Peszko | 30 | EU | Lechia Gdańsk | Transfer | Summer | [15] | ||
10 | FW | Patrick Helmes | 31 | EU | Retired | Summer |
Season overview
Competitions
Win Draw Loss
Bundesliga
League table
Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 | Hertha BSC | 34 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 50 | Qualification to Europa League third qualifying round[lower-alpha 1] |
8 | VfL Wolfsburg | 34 | 12 | 9 | 13 | 47 | 49 | −2 | 45 | |
9 | 1. FC Köln | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 38 | 42 | −4 | 43 | |
10 | Hamburger SV | 34 | 11 | 8 | 15 | 40 | 46 | −6 | 41 | |
11 | FC Ingolstadt | 34 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 33 | 42 | −9 | 40 |
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Head-to-head points; 5) Head-to-head goal difference; 6) Head-to-head away goals scored; 7) Away goals scored; 8) Play-offs.[16]
Notes:
- ↑ Since the winners of the 2015–16 DFB-Pokal, Bayern Munich, qualified for the Champions League based on league position, the Europa League group stage spot was passed to the sixth-placed team, Mainz 05; and the Europa League third qualifying round spot was passed to the seventh-placed team, Hertha BSC.
Results summary
Overall | Home | Away | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 38 | 42 | −4 | 43 | 5 | 5 | 7 | 16 | 18 | −2 | 5 | 8 | 4 | 22 | 24 | −2 |
Last updated: 14 May 2016.
Source: Bundesliga
Results by round
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
Matches
16 August 2015 1 | VfB Stuttgart | 1–3 | 1. FC Köln | Stuttgart |
17:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Baumgartl 34' Gentner 67' Insúa 71' Didavi 79' (pen.) |
Report | Sørensen 61' Vogt 61' Modeste 75' (pen.) Zoller 77' Osako 90+2' |
Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Arena Attendance: 59,500 Referee: Wolfgang Stark |
22 August 2015 2 | 1. FC Köln | 1–1 | VfL Wolfsburg | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Zoller 30' Lehmann 72' Vogt 78' |
Report | Bendtner 83' Klose 88' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 46,000 Referee: Knut Kircher |
29 August 2015 3 | 1. FC Köln | 2–1 | Hamburger SV | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Zoller 42' Vogt 68' Hosiner 76' Modeste 81' (pen.) Risse 83' |
Report | Holtby 47' Schipplock 49' Ekdal 55' Spahić 79' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Deniz Aytekin |
12 September 2015 4 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 6–2 | 1. FC Köln | Frankfurt |
18:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Stendera 1' Meier 4', 23', 87' Castaignos 15', 30' Reinartz 63' Seferovic 73' |
Report | Modeste 28' Heintz 81' Hector 89' |
Stadium: Commerzbank-Arena Attendance: 51,500 Referee: Marco Fritz |
19 September 2015 5 | 1. FC Köln | 1–0 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Modeste 64' | Report | Xhaka 23' Hazard 70' Wendt 78' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 47,800 Referee: Felix Brych |
22 September 2015 6 | Hertha BSC | 2–0 | 1. FC Köln | Berlin |
20:00 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Skjelbred 11' Ibišević 43', 90+4' |
Report | Hosiner 73' | Stadium: Olympiastadion Attendance: 40,181 Referee: Florian Meyer |
25 September 2015 7 | 1. FC Köln | 1–1 | FC Ingolstadt | Cologne |
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Modeste 10' Heintz 62' Lehmann 85' |
Report | Matip 21', 64' Leckie 76' Hübner 80' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 47,800 Referee: Christian Dingert |
4 October 2015 8 | Schalke 04 | 0–3 | 1. FC Köln | Gelsenkirchen |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Geis 79' Meyer 90+2' |
Report | Modeste 45' Bittencourt 50' Risse 69' Gerhardt 79' Zoller 84' |
Stadium: Veltins-Arena Attendance: 61,723 Referee: Knut Kircher |
18 October 2015 9 | 1. FC Köln | 0–1 | Hannover 96 | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Sørensen 21' Osako 49' Risse 81' |
Report | Schmiedebach 23' Andreasen 38' Sané 67' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 48,700 Referee: Bastian Dankert |
24 October 2015 10 | Bayern Munich | 4–0 | 1. FC Köln | Munich |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Robben 35' Vidal 40' Rafinha 55' Lewandowski 62' Müller 77' (pen.) |
Report | Lehmann 61' | Stadium: Allianz Arena Attendance: 75,000 Referee: Florian Meyer |
31 October 2015 11 | 1. FC Köln | 0–0 | TSG Hoffenheim | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Osako 66' Maroh 74' |
Report | Schwegler 30' | Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 48,000 Referee: Günter Perl |
7 November 2015 12 | Bayer Leverkusen | 1–2 | 1. FC Köln | Leverkusen |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Hernández 33' Papadopoulos 53' Ramalho 86' |
Report | Maroh 17', 72' Bittencourt 40' Heintz 65' |
Stadium: BayArena Attendance: 30,210 Referee: Felix Zwayer |
21 November 2015 13 | 1. FC Köln | 0–0 | Mainz 05 | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Modeste 34' | Report | Muto 61' | Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 46,700 Referee: Wolfgang Stark |
27 November 2015 14 | Darmstadt 98 | 0–0 | 1. FC Köln | Darmstadt |
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Garics 45' Sulu 74' |
Report | Zoller 80' | Stadium: Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor Attendance: 17,000 Referee: Deniz Aytekin |
5 December 2015 15 | 1. FC Köln | 0–1 | FC Augsburg | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Hector 76' Maroh 86' |
Report | Verhaegh 54' Feulner 56' Baier 58' Bobadilla 64', 83' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 45,500 Referee: Daniel Siebert |
12 December 2015 16 | Werder Bremen | 1–1 | 1. FC Köln | Bremen |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Vestergaard 4' Bartels 70' Öztunalı 70' Fritz 83' |
Report | Vogt 45+1' Gerhardt 50' Švento 79' |
Stadium: Weserstadion Attendance: 40,727 Referee: Guido Winkmann |
19 December 2015 17 | 1. FC Köln | 2–1 | Borussia Dortmund | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Lehmann 72' Zoller 82', 83' Modeste 90', 90+1' |
Report | Papastathopoulos 18' Aubameyang 67' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Knut Kircher |
23 January 2016 18 | 1. FC Köln | 1–3 | VfB Stuttgart | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Modeste 19' (pen.) | Report | Niedermeier 18' Didavi 36' Werner 51' Gentner 83' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Manuel Gräfe |
31 January 2016 19 | VfL Wolfsburg | 1–1 | 1. FC Köln | Wolfsburg |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Draxler 67' Luiz Gustavo 77' Jung 82' Bendtner 89' |
Report | Lehmann 45' Modeste 75' |
Stadium: Volkswagen Arena Attendance: 29,156 Referee: Wolfgang Stark |
7 February 2016 20 | Hamburger SV | 1–1 | 1. FC Köln | Hamburg |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Djourou 45' N. Müller 47' Kačar 56' Holtby 58' Spahić 65' Schipplock 89' |
Report | Zoller 41' Mladenović 49' Risse 71' |
Stadium: Volksparkstadion Attendance: 51,999 Referee: Felix Brych |
13 February 2016 21 | 1. FC Köln | 3–1 | Eintracht Frankfurt | Cologne |
18:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Gerhardt 29' Risse 54' Heintz 57' Modeste 66', 72' |
Report | Fabián 19' Meier 24' Regäsel 50' Hasebe 52' Stendera 66' Russ 66' Oczipka 82' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 49,200 Referee: Felix Zwayer |
20 February 2016 22 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1–0 | 1. FC Köln | Mönchengladbach |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Dahoud 9' Stindl 46' Raffael 70' |
Report | Maroh 46' Olkowski 83' Hosiner 88' |
Stadium: Stadion im Borussia-Park Attendance: 52,226 Referee: Knut Kircher |
26 February 2016 23 | 1. FC Köln | 0–1 | Hertha BSC | Cologne |
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Modeste 52' Jojić 78' |
Report | Ibišević 43' Brooks 67' Plattenhardt 71' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 48,900 Referee: Tobias Stieler |
1 March 2016 24 | FC Ingolstadt | 1–1 | 1. FC Köln | Ingolstadt |
20:00 CET (UTC+01:00) | Lezcano 29' Hinterseer 36' Bauer 75' |
Report | Maroh 53' Modeste 72' |
Stadium: Audi Sportpark Attendance: 14,503 Referee: Florian Meyer |
5 March 2016 25 | 1. FC Köln | 1–3 | Schalke 04 | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Maroh 2' Bittencourt 33' |
Report | Huntelaar 2' (pen.) Meyer 23' Di Santo 76' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 49,300 Referee: Wolfgang Stark |
12 March 2016 26 | Hannover 96 | 0–2 | 1. FC Köln | Hanover |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Schmiedebach 69' | Report | Bittencourt 43', 61' Sørensen 49' |
Stadium: HDI-Arena Attendance: 40,600 Referee: Peter Sippel |
19 March 2016 27 | 1. FC Köln | 0–1 | Bayern Munich | Cologne |
15:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Sørensen 89' | Report | Lewandowski 10' Lahm 86' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 49,600 Referee: Tobias Welz |
3 April 2016 28 | TSG Hoffenheim | 1–1 | 1. FC Köln | Sinsheim |
17:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Amiri 7' Rudy 39' Volland 90+1' |
Report | Zoller 69', 72' | Stadium: Wirsol Rhein-Neckar-Arena Attendance: 30,150 Referee: Deniz Aytekin |
10 April 2016 29 | 1. FC Köln | 0–2 | Bayer Leverkusen | Cologne |
17:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Heintz 90+3' Bittencourt 90+6' |
Report | Wendell 9' 90+6' Brandt 39' Hernández 44' Ramalho 70' Aránguiz 76' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Manuel Gräfe |
17 April 2016 30 | Mainz 05 | 2–3 | 1. FC Köln | Mainz |
17:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Córdoba 8' Balogun 49' Donati 67' |
Report | Mavraj 48' Risse 64' Jojić 74' Gerhardt 79' Modeste 83' |
Stadium: Coface Arena Attendance: 33,275 Referee: Peter Sippel |
23 April 2016 31 | 1. FC Köln | 4–1 | Darmstadt 98 | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Modeste 4', 35' Risse 52', 75' Gerhardt 59' Lehmann 72' |
Report | Gondorf 12', 81' Garics 86' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Christian Dingert |
29 April 2016 32 | FC Augsburg | 0–0 | 1. FC Köln | Augsburg |
20:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Koo 62' Altıntop 77' Kohr 90+3' |
Report | Lehmann 44' 56' Jojić 66' Maroh 84' |
Stadium: WWK ARENA Attendance: 30,144 Referee: Tobias Welz |
7 May 2016 33 | 1. FC Köln | 0–0 | Werder Bremen | Cologne |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Maroh 24' Hector 51' Sørensen 61' |
Report | Grillitsch 38' Bartels 79' |
Stadium: RheinEnergieSTADION Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Felix Zwayer |
14 May 2016 34 | Borussia Dortmund | 2–2 | 1. FC Köln | Dortmund |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Castro 11' Papastathopoulos 45' Reus 75' |
Report | Modeste 27' Jojić 43' |
Stadium: Signal Iduna Park Attendance: 81,359 Referee: Michael Weiner |
DFB-Pokal
8 August 2015 Round 1 | SV Meppen | 0–4 | 1. FC Köln | Meppen |
15:30 CEST (UTC+02:00) | Gommert 24' | Report | Modeste 1', 27' (pen.), 78' Olkowski 8' Zoller 87' |
Stadium: Hänsch-Arena Attendance: 13,815 Referee: Christian Dietz |
28 October 2015 Round 2 | Werder Bremen | 1–0 | 1. FC Köln | Bremen |
20:30 CET (UTC+01:00) | Ujah 23' | Report | Modeste 39' | Stadium: Weserstadion Attendance: 40,052 Referee: Felix Brych |
Statistics
Goalscorers
No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | Bundesliga | DFB-Pokal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||||
27 | FW | FRA | Anthony Modeste | 36 | 18 | 34 | 15 | 2 | 3 |
11 | FW | GER | Simon Zoller | 26 | 7 | 24 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
21 | MF | GER | Leonardo Bittencourt | 30 | 3 | 29 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
7 | MF | GER | Marcel Risse | 35 | 3 | 33 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
8 | MF | SRB | Miloš Jojić | 17 | 2 | 15 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
5 | DF | SVN | Dominic Maroh | 25 | 2 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
8 | MF | GER | Yannick Gerhardt | 30 | 2 | 29 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
3 | DF | GER | Dominique Heintz | 35 | 2 | 33 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
29 | MF | SVN | Dušan Švento | 8 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
15 | FW | AUT | Philipp Hosiner | 15 | 1 | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
13 | FW | JPN | Yuya Osako | 27 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
As of 14 May 2016
Assists
No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | Bundesliga | DFB-Pokal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||||
7 | MF | GER | Marcel Risse | 35 | 7 | 33 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
8 | MF | GER | Yannick Gerhardt | 30 | 5 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
21 | MF | GER | Leonardo Bittencourt | 30 | 4 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
14 | DF | GER | Jonas Hector | 34 | 4 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
27 | FW | FRA | Anthony Modeste | 36 | 3 | 34 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
25 | DF | SRB | Filip Mladenović | 14 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
16 | DF | POL | Paweł Olkowski | 20 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
4 | DF | DEN | Frederik Sørensen | 24 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
6 | MF | GER | Kevin Vogt | 25 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
13 | FW | JPN | Yuya Osako | 27 | 2 | 25 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
33 | MF | GER | Matthias Lehmann | 34 | 2 | 32 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
5 | DF | SVN | Dominic Maroh | 25 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
11 | FW | GER | Simon Zoller | 26 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
3 | DF | GER | Dominique Heintz | 35 | 1 | 33 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
As of 14 May 2016
By competition
Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Final position | Record | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | ||||||
Bundesliga | 16.08.2015 | 14.05.2016 | Matchday 1 | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 38 | 42 | −4 | 29.41 | ||
DFB-Pokal | 08.08.2015 | Round 1 | Round 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | +3 | 50.00 | ||
Total | 36 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 42 | 43 | −1 | 30.56 | |||||
Updated: 14 May 2016 |
Attendance figures
The average attendance in the 2015-2016 Bundesliga season was 48.676.
So the utilisation of the stadium amounts to 97.35%.
As of 14 May 2016
Disciplinary record
Competition | Record | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Games | Red cards | Yellow/Red | Yello cards | ||||||||||
Bundesliga | 34 | 1 | 1 | 55 | |||||||||
DFB-Pokal | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |||||||||
Total | 36 | 1 | 1 | 57 | |||||||||
Updated: 14 May 2016 |
References
- ↑ "Fernsehgelder 2015/2016" [TV money 2015/2016] (in German). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ↑ "Fernsehgelder Vorschau 2016/2017" [TV money preview 2016/2017] (in German). Retrieved 24 April 2016.
- ↑ "1. FC Köln - Mannschaft" [1. FC Köln - Squad] (in German). 1. FC Köln. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
- ↑ "Anthony Modeste signs for FC Köln". 24 June 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Milos Jojic strengthens 1. FC Köln". 5 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Leonardo Bittencourt joins FC Köln". 14 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Frederik Sorensen joins 1. FC Köln". 11 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "FC Köln sign Dominique Heintz". 12 June 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Filip Mladenović joins FC Köln". 5 January 2016. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
- ↑ "Philipp Hosiner joins FC Köln". 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Kevin Wimmer leaves FC Köln". 29 May 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Anthony Ujah to leave FC Köln". 5 May 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Halfar moves to FCK". 19 June 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Miso Brecko to leave FC Köln". 30 July 2015. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
- ↑ "Pezko to leave FC Köln". 31 August 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2015.
- ↑ "Bundesliga 2015/2016 - Season rules". Scoresway. Retrieved 19 August 2015.