Real Salt Lake
2018 season
OwnerDell Loy Hansen
CoachMike Petke
StadiumRio Tinto Stadium
Major League SoccerConference:
Overall:
U.S. Open Cup4th Round
Rocky Mountain CupChampions
Highest home attendance21,363 (vs. LA Galaxy – September 1)
Lowest home attendance16,015 (vs. Vancouver Whitecaps FC – April 7)
Average home league attendance18,605
Biggest winCOL 0-6 RSL (8/25)
Biggest defeatRSL 1-5 LAFC (3/10)

The 2018 Real Salt Lake season is the team's 14th year of existence, and their 14th consecutive season in Major League Soccer, the top division of the American soccer pyramid.

Background

Non-competitive

Preseason

Mobile Mini Sun Cup

February 3, 2018 Friendly Real Salt Lake 3–1 LA Galaxy Tucson, Arizona
3:30 p.m. MT Saucedo 51' (pen.)
Besler 56'
Velásquez 77'		 Report Kitchen Yellow card 11'
Arellano Yellow card 62'
Ciani 33'		 Stadium: North Stadium- Kino Sports Complex
Attendance: 2,931
February 7, 2018 Friendly San Jose Earthquakes 1–1 Real Salt Lake Tucson, Arizona
10:30 a.m. MT Salinas Yellow card 43'
Amarikwa 60'		 Report Acosta Yellow card 34'
Ortuño 54'		 Stadium: North Stadium- Kino Sports Complex
Referee: Baldomero Toledo

Orlando

February 17, 2018 Friendly Orlando City SC 5–2 Real Salt Lake Orlando, Florida
3:30 p.m. MT Report Plata (pen.)
Silva
Note: played in two scrimmages of 75 min each
February 22, 2018 Friendly Real Salt Lake 2–1 New York City FC Orlando, Florida
3:30 p.m. MT Silva 14'
Plata 62'		 Report 89' (pen.)

Friendly

July 10, 2018 Friendly Real Salt Lake 1–1 Eintracht Frankfurt Sandy, Utah
3:30 p.m. MT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 5,417
Referee: Alan Chapman

Competitions

MLS regular season

2018 Major League Soccer season

Standings

Western Conference Table
Pos Team Pld W L T GF GA GD Pts Qualification
4 FC Dallas 34 16 9 9 52 44 +8 57 Knockout round
5 Portland Timbers 34 15 10 9 54 48 +6 54
6 Real Salt Lake 34 14 13 7 55 58 −3 49
7 LA Galaxy 34 13 12 9 66 64 +2 48
8 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 34 13 13 8 54 67 −13 47
Source: MLS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) total goal differential; 4) total goals scored; 5) disciplinary points; 6) away goal differential; 7) away goals scored; 8) home goal differential; 9) home goals scored; 10) coin toss or drawing of lots
Overall table
Pos Team Pld W L T GF GA GD Pts Qualification[lower-alpha 1]
10 Columbus Crew 34 14 11 9 43 45 −2 51
11 Philadelphia Union 34 15 14 5 49 50 −1 50
12 Real Salt Lake 34 14 13 7 55 58 −3 49
13 LA Galaxy 34 13 12 9 66 64 +2 48
14 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 34 13 13 8 54 67 −13 47
Source: MLS
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) total wins; 3) total goal differential; 4) total goals scored; 5) disciplinary points; 6) away goals scored; 7) away goal differential; 8) coin toss or drawing of lots
Notes:
  1. ↑
    CONCACAF Champions League
    Selection procedure
    • Four US-based teams qualified for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League. Due to a change in format to the tournament, two qualifiers came from each of the 2017 and 2018 MLS seasons.[1] This combined qualification method was used for the 2019 tournament only. For the 2018 season, the following teams qualified:
      1. The winner of MLS Cup 2018 (Atlanta United FC);
      2. The winner of the 2018 U.S. Open Cup (Houston Dynamo)
      Thus unlike previous seasons, the Supporters' Shield winner and the regular season conference champion that did not win the Supporters' Shield werw not guaranteed a berth. Each qualifier entered at the second phase of the tournament.
      One Canada-based team qualified for the 2019 CONCACAF Champions League, also entering at the second phase (NOTE: Canadian teams could not qualify through MLS):
      1. The winner of the 2018 Canadian Championship (Toronto FC)

Results summary

OverallHomeAway
PldPtsWLTGFGAGDWLTGFGAGDWLTGFGAGD
34 49 14 13 7 55 58  −3 11 2 4 38 24  +14 3 11 3 17 34  −17

Last updated: October 22, 2018
Source: MLS Results
Pld = Matches played; Pts = Points; W = Matches won; T = Matches tied; L = Matches lost; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; GD = Goal difference

Match results

March 3, 2018 1 FC Dallas 1–1 Real Salt Lake Frisco, Texas
6:00 pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Toyota Stadium
Attendance: 16,116
Referee: Robert Sibiga
March 10, 2018 2 Real Salt Lake 1–5 Los Angeles FC Sandy, Utah
1:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 20,706
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
March 17, 2018 3 Real Salt Lake 1–0 New York Red Bulls Sandy, Utah
7:00pm MDT Rusnák 4' (pen)
Kreilach Yellow card 37'
Lennon Yellow card 43'
Phillips Yellow card 59'
Baird Yellow card 88'		 Report Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 16,334
Referee: Ted Unkel
March 30, 2018 4 Toronto FC 3–1 Real Salt Lake Toronto, Ontario
6:00pm MDT Altidore 23' (pen), Yellow card 35', 45'
Giovinco Yellow card 35'
Osorio Yellow card 62'
Morgan Yellow card 86'
Ricketts 90+'		 Report Beckerman Yellow card 40'
Phillips Yellow card 77'
Baird 82'		 Stadium: BMO Field
Attendance: 28,006
Referee: Allen Chapman
April 7, 2018 5 Real Salt Lake 2–1 Vancouver Whitecaps FC Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 16,015
Referee: Marcos de Oliveira
April 11, 2018 6 New York City FC 4–0 Real Salt Lake The Bronx, New York City
5:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Yankee Stadium
Attendance: 18,603
Referee: Mark Geiger
April 21, 2018 7 (RMC) Real Salt Lake 3–0 Colorado Rapids Sandy, Utah
7:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 17,461
Referee: Joseph Dickerson
April 27, 2018 8 Vancouver Whitecaps FC 2–0 Real Salt Lake Vancouver, British Columbia
8:30pm MDT
Report Stadium: BC Place
Attendance: 19,283
Referee: Sorin Stoica
May 6, 2018 9 Orlando City 3–1 Real Salt Lake Orlando, Florida
3:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Orlando City Stadium
Attendance: 23,258
Referee: Robert Sibiga
May 12, 2018 10 Real Salt Lake 3–2 D.C. United Sandy, Utah
7:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 16,961
Referee: Rubiel Vazquez
May 19, 2018 11 Philadelphia Union 4–1 Real Salt Lake Chester, Pennsylvania
10:00am MDT
Stadium: Talen Energy Stadium
Attendance: 16,019
Referee: Hilario Grajeda
May 26, 2018 12 Seattle Sounders FC 0–1 Real Salt Lake Seattle, Washington
2:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: CenturyLink Field
Attendance: 39,508
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
May 30, 2018 13 Real Salt Lake 2–1 Houston Dynamo Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT L. Silva 34'
Beckerman 82'
M. Silva Yellow card 90+7'		 Report Martínez Yellow card 28'
Alexander Yellow card 70'
Elis 75'
Romell Quioto Yellow card 90+6'		 Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 16,613
Referee: David Gantar
June 2, 2018 14 Real Salt Lake 2–0 Seattle Sounders FC Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 18,556
Referee: Kevin Stott
June 9, 2018 15 LA Galaxy 3–0 Real Salt Lake Carson, California
8:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: StubHub Center
Attendance: 25,462
Referee: Ted Unkel
June 23, 2018 16 Real Salt Lake 1–1 San Jose Earthquakes Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 18,472
Referee: Silviu Petrescu
June 30, 2018 17 Columbus Crew 2–1 Real Salt Lake Columbus, Ohio
5:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: MAPFRE Stadium
Attendance: 16,680
Referee: Drew Fischer
July 4, 2018 18 Real Salt Lake 4–2 Sporting Kansas City Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 19,206
Referee: Sorin Stoica
July 7, 2018 19 Real Salt Lake 2–0 FC Dallas Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 17,319
Referee: Armando Villarreal
July 14, 2018 20 Minnesota United FC 3–2 Real Salt Lake Minneapolis, Minnesota
6:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: TCF Bank Stadium
Attendance: 23,667
Referee: Alan Kelly
July 21, 2018 21 (RMC) Real Salt Lake 2–2 Colorado Rapids Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 19,207
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
July 28, 2018 22 San Jose Earthquakes 0–0 Real Salt Lake San Jose, California
8:30pm MDT Shea Salinas Yellow card 67'
Luis Felipe Yellow card 72'		 Report M. Silva Yellow card 43'
Glad Yellow card 45+2'
Lennon Yellow card 85'		 Stadium: Avaya Stadium
Attendance: 16,351
Referee: Marcos de Oliveira
August 4, 2018 23 Real Salt Lake 2–1 Chicago Fire Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 19,817
Referee: Kevin Stott
August 11, 2018 24 Real Salt Lake 1–1 Montreal Impact Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 18,901
Referee: Chris Penso
August 15, 2018 25 Los Angeles FC 2–0 Real Salt Lake Los Angeles, California
8:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Banc of California Stadium
Attendance: 22,000
Referee: David Gantar
August 18, 2018 26 Houston Dynamo 1–2 Real Salt Lake Houston, Texas
7:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: BBVA Compass Stadium
Attendance: Armando Villareal
Referee: 15,072
August 25, 2018 27 (RMC) Colorado Rapids 0–6 Real Salt Lake Commerce City, Colorado
7:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Dick's Sporting Goods Park
Attendance: 16,669
Referee: Ted Unkel
September 1, 2018 28 Real Salt Lake 6–2 LA Galaxy Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 21,363
Referee: Drew Fischer
September 15, 2018 29 Real Salt Lake 1–1 Minnesota United FC Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 19,785
Referee: Chris Penso
September 22, 2018 30 Atlanta United FC 2–0 Real Salt Lake Atlanta, Georgia
5:00pm MDT
Stadium: Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Attendance: 72,017
Referee: Hilario Grajeda
October 6, 2018 32 Real Salt Lake 1–4 Portland Timbers Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 20,034
Referee: Robert Sibiga
October 18, 2018 33 Real Salt Lake 4–1 New England Revolution Sandy, Utah
7:30pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 19,536
Referee: Jair Marrufo
October 21, 2018 34 Portland Timbers 3–0 Real Salt Lake Portland, Oregon
10:00am MDT
Report
Stadium: Providence Park
Attendance: 21,144
Referee: Ismail Elfath

MLS Cup Playoffs

November 1, 2018 Knockout Round Los Angeles FC 2–3 Real Salt Lake Los Angeles, California
8:30pm MDT Vela Yellow card 26'
Silva 31'
Zimmerman Yellow card 47'
Ramirez 54'		 Report Kreilach 21', 58'
Herrera Yellow card 30'
Savarino Yellow card 45+2'
Baird Yellow card 54'
Zimmerman 69' (o.g.)
Rusnák Yellow card 75'
Sunny Yellow card 86'		 Stadium: Banc of California Stadium
Attendance: 22,000
Referee: Mark Geiger
 November 4, 2018 Semifinal Leg 1 Real Salt Lake 1–1 Sporting Kansas City Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT Rusnák Yellow card 26', 51'
Beckerman Yellow card 72'		 Report Rubio 60', Yellow card 76' Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 14,045
Referee: Baldomero Toledo
November 11, 2018 Semifinal Leg 2 Sporting Kansas City 4–2 Real Salt Lake Kansas City, Kansas
1:00 PM MST Rubio 14' Yellow card 63'
Sallói 19', 90+7'
Sánchez 67' (pen.)
Espinoza Yellow card 82'		 Report Herrera Yellow card 49'
Saucedo 60'
Beckerman Yellow card 64'
Kreilach 72'		 Stadium: Children's Mercy Park
Attendance: 19,918
Referee: Jose Carlos Rivero

Real Salt Lake eliminated on aggregate goals, 3–5

U.S. Open Cup

June 6, 2018 4R Real Salt Lake 0–2 Sporting Kansas City Sandy, Utah
8:00pm MDT
Report
Stadium: Rio Tinto Stadium
Attendance: 15,833
Referee: Malik Badawi

Stats

  • Stats from MLS Regular season, MLS playoffs, CONCACAF Champions league, and U.S. Open Cup are all included.
  • First tie-breaker for goals is assists; first for assists and shutouts is minutes played.
As of November 12, 2018[2]

Club

Roster

  • Age calculated as of the start of the 2018 season.
As of September 15, 2018,[3][4] Compliant with roster freeze date as per MLS rules.
No. Name Nationality Positions Date of birth (age) Signed from Year with club (year signed)
1 Alex Horwath  United States GK March 27, 1987 (aged 30) Norway SK Brann 1 (2018)
2 Tony Beltran  United States DF October 11, 1987 (aged 30) 2008 MLS SuperDraft 11 (2008)
3 Adam Henley  Wales DF June 14, 1994 (aged 23) England Blackburn Rovers F.C. 1 (2018)
4 David Horst  United States DF October 25, 1985 (aged 32) United States Houston Dynamo 5 (2008–2010, 2017)
5 Kyle Beckerman (Captain)  United States MF April 23, 1982 (aged 35) United States Colorado Rapids 12 (2007)
6 Damir Kreilach  Croatia MF April 16, 1989 (aged 28) Germany Union Berlin 1 (2018)
7 Jefferson Savarino (DP)  Venezuela MF November 11, 1996 (aged 21) Venezuela Zulia FC 2 (2017)
8 Stephen Sunday  Nigeria MF September 17, 1988 (aged 29) Turkey Alanyaspor 3 (2016)
10 Joao Plata  Ecuador FW March 1, 1992 (aged 26) Canada Toronto FC 6 (2013)
11 Albert Rusnák(DP)  Slovakia MF July 7, 1994 (aged 23) Netherlands FC Groningen 2 (2017)
12 Brooks Lennon  United States FW September 22, 1997 (aged 20) England Liverpool F.C. 2 (2017)
13 Nick Besler  United States MF May 7, 1993 (aged 24) United States Real Monarchs 2 (2017)
14 Nedum Onuoha  England DF November 12, 1986 (aged 31) England Queens Park Rangers F.C. 1 (2018)
15 Justen Glad (HGP)  United States DF February 28, 1997 (aged 21) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 5 (2014)
17 Demar Phillips  Jamaica DF September 23, 1983 (aged 34) Norway Aalesunds FK 4 (2015)
18 Nick Rimando  United States GK June 17, 1979 (aged 38) United States D.C. United 12 (2007)
19 Luke Mulholland  England MF August 7, 1988 (aged 29) United States Tampa Bay Rowdies 5 (2014)
20 Luis Silva  United States MF December 10, 1988 (aged 29) Mexico Tigres UANL 3 (2015, 2017)
21 Taylor Peay  United States DF September 5, 1991 (aged 26) United States Real Monarchs 1 (2018)
22 Aaron Herrera (HGP)  United States DF June 6, 1997 (aged 20) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 1 (2018)
23 Sebastian Saucedo (HGP)  Mexico FW January 22, 1997 (aged 21) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 5 (2014)
24 Connor Sparrow  United States GK May 10, 1994 (aged 23) United States Real Monarchs 2 (2017)
25 Danilo Acosta (HGP)  United States DF November 7, 1997 (aged 20) United States Real Monarchs (HGP) 3 (2016)
26 Shawn Barry  United States DF April 23, 1990 (aged 27) Poland Korona Kielce 1 (2018)
27 Corey Baird (HGP)  United States FW January 21, 1997 (aged 21) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 1 (2018)
28 Ricky Lopez-Espin  United States FW December 2, 1995 (aged 22) 2018 MLS SuperDraft 1 (2018)
29 José Hernández (HGP)  Mexico MF April 12, 1996 (aged 21) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 2 (2017)
30 Marcelo Silva  Uruguay DF March 21, 1989 (aged 28) Spain Real Zaragoza 2 (2017)
31 Pablo Ruiz  Argentina MF October 20, 1998 (aged 19) Chile San Luis 1 (2018)
51 Andrew Putna  United States GK October 21, 1994 (aged 23) United States Real Monarchs 1 (2018)
70 Jordan Allen  United States FW April 25, 1995 (aged 22) United States Real Salt Lake Academy (HGP) 5 (2014)

Transfers

As of September 13, 2018[3]

In

Player Position Previous club Fees/Notes Date
Venezuela Jefferson Savarino MF Venezuela Zulia FC RSL exercised buy option at end of loan [5]
Young DP		 11/02/17
United States Aaron Herrera DF United States New Mexico Lobos Homegrown Player[6] 12/15/17
United States Taylor Peay DF United States Real Monarchs Received right of first refusal from Portland Timbers,

for third-round pick, 2018 MLS SuperDraft[7]

 12/15/17
United States Brooks Lennon FW England Liverpool End of loan, terms undisclosed [8] 12/20/17
Spain Alfredo Ortuño FW Spain Real Valladolid Free Transfer [9] 01/03/18
United States Corey Baird FW United States Stanford Cardinal Homegrown Player[10] 01/05/18
Wales Adam Henley DF England Blackburn Rovers Free Transfer [11] 01/09/18
United States Shawn Barry DF Poland Korona Kielce Terms undisclosed [12] 01/17/18
Argentina Pablo Ruíz MF Chile San Luis Terms undisclosed [13] 02/02/18
Croatia Damir Kreilach MF Germany Union Berlin Terms undisclosed [14] 02/06/18
United States Alex Horwath GK Norway SK Brann Terms undisclosed [15] 02/11/18
United States Andrew Putna GK United States Real Monarchs Terms undisclosed [16] 07/13/18
Nigeria Nedum Onuoha DF England Queens Park Rangers F.C. Terms undisclosed [17] 08/13/18

Out

Player Position Next Club Fees/Notes Date
United States Chad Barrett FW Retired option declined[Note OPT], Free Agent[Note FREE] 11/27/17
United States Reagan Dunk DF unattached option declined[Note OPT] 11/27/17
Jamaica Omar Holness MF United States Bethlehem Steel FC option declined 11/27/17
United States Justin Schmidt DF United States Sacramento Republic FC option declined 11/27/17
United States Chris Schuler DF United States Orlando City SC option declined, Free Agent 11/27/17
United States Matt Van Oekel GK United States OKC Energy FC option declined 11/27/17
United States Ricardo Velazco FW El Salvador A.D. Isidro Metapán option declined 11/27/17
United States Chris Wingert DF United States New York Cosmos B Retired from professional leagues 02/19/18
Armenia Yura Movsisyan FW Sweden Djurgårdens IF Fotboll Waived, DP spot open, [4] 6-month long loan 03/02/18
Spain Alfredo Ortuño FW Spain Albacete Mutually agree part ways, DP spot open, [18] 07/23/18
Notes
  1. ^
    Option Declined (OPT): Players who have had their option declined may still be resigned by the club under a new contract.
  2. ^
    Free Agent (FREE): Players who are out of contract may still be resigned by the club under a new contract.

Loans

In

Player Position Loaned from Fees/Notes Date

Out

Player Position Loaned to Fees/Notes Date
Armenia Yura Movsisyan FW Sweden Djurgårdens IF Fotboll Waived, DP spot open, [4] 6-month long loan 03/02/18
Mexico José Hernández MF United States Real Monarchs Season long loan 03/23/18

Trialist

Player Position Previous team Notes Date Result
United States Ricky Lopez-Espin FW Creighton 2018 MLS SuperDraft pick #33. 01/19/18 Signed with RSL

See also

References

  1. ↑ Strauss, Brian (April 6, 2017). "MLS clubs have resolution over qualifying for future CCL after format change". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Stats | Real Salt Lake".
  3. 1 2 "Roster". rsl.com. March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 "Stejskal: Real Salt Lake waive Yura Movsisyan, open Designated Player spot". mlssoccer.com. March 2, 2018. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  5. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Exercises the Purchase Option on FW Jefferson Savarino". rsl.com. November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  6. ↑ "RSL signs Homegrown and U.S. U-20 World Cup defender Aaron Herrera". rsl.com. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  7. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Signs Salt Lake City Native DF Taylor Peay". rsl.com. December 15, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
  8. ↑ "RSL permanently acquires Brooks Lennon from Liverpool". rsl.com. December 20, 2017. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Signs Spanish Forward Alfredo Ortuño". rsl.com. January 3, 2018. Retrieved January 3, 2018.
  10. ↑ "RSL signs Corey Baird as the club's 15th Homegrown signing". rsl.com. January 5, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
  11. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Signs Defender Adam Henley". rsl.com. January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 9, 2018.
  12. ↑ "RSL signs defender Shawn Barry". rsl.com. January 17, 2018. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  13. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Signs 19-Year-Old Midfielder Pablo Ruiz". rsl.com. February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  14. ↑ "RSL signs midfielder Damir Kreilach". rsl.com. February 6, 2018. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  15. ↑ "Real Salt Lake Signs GK Alex Horwath". rsl.com. February 11, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  16. ↑ "Real Salt Lake sign goalkeeper Andrew Putna from Real Monarchs USL side". mlssoccer.com. July 13, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
  17. ↑ "Stejskal: Real Salt Lake sign English center back Nedum Onuoha". mlssoccer.com. September 13, 2018. Retrieved September 13, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Real Salt Lake and Alfredo Ortuño Mutually Agree to Part Ways". rsl.com. July 23, 2018. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.