2021 La Paz gubernatorial election
7 March 2021 (2021-03-07) (first round)
11 April 2021 (2021-04-11) (second round)
Governor, all 45 seats in the Legislative Assembly[lower-alpha 1]
23 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered1,950,428[lower-alpha 2]
Turnout88.37% (Decrease 0.13 pp)[lower-alpha 3]
  First party Second party
 
Candidate Santos Quispe Franklin Flores
Leader Leopoldo Chui Evo Morales
Party APU MAS-IPSP
Alliance J.A.LLALLA.L.P. —
Last election New party 25 seats, 30.68%
Seats won 8 25
First round 392,132 618,221
Percentage 25.18% 39.70%
Runoff 831,816 674,220
Percentage 55.23% 44.77%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Candidate Rafael Quispe Félix Patzi
Party SP MTS
Alliance PBCSP[lower-alpha 4] —
Last election New alliance New party
Seats won 5 1
First round 349,384 67,948
Percentage 22.44% 4.36%
Runoff Eliminated Eliminated
Governor before election

Félix Patzi
MTS

 Governor after election

Santos Quispe
APU

The 2021 La Paz gubernatorial election was held on Sunday, 7 March 2021, with a runoff taking place on 11 April 2021, involving separate contests for governor and all forty-five seats in the Departmental Legislative Assembly. Incumbent governor Félix Patzi unsuccessfully sought reelection to a second term, finishing in fourth place with 4.36 percent of the popular vote. The election was won by Jallalla La Paz's Santos Quispe, who attained 55.23 percent of the vote in the second round, defeating Franklin Flores of the Movement for Socialism. On the legislative ballot, the Movement for Socialism won sixteen of the twenty provincial circumscriptions and nine of the twenty party-list seats, retaining its twenty-five seat majority in the Legislative Assembly.

Originally scheduled to take place in early 2020, this and other subnational elections were delayed by over a year as a result of the country's 2019 political crisis and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The continued health crisis had a significant impact on the race, knocking out popular frontrunner Felipe Quispe and establishing a close contest between his son, Santos, and ruling party candidate Flores, trailed by Rafael Quispe, incumbent Patzi, and almost a dozen other candidates. Amid shifting demographics, this election was also noted for the fact that El Alto and the indigenous-majority provinces now held more electoral weight than the city of La Paz, a change reflected by the primarily indigenous identification of the candidates running.

Background and electoral system

In the 2015 gubernatorial election, former minister of education Félix Patzi of the Third System Movement (MTS), running in alliance with Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo), successfully won the governorship in the first round by a margin of 50.09 percent of the popular vote to his closest competitor's 30.68 percent, dislodging the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) from power. Despite its defeat in the governorship, the MAS retained its effective majority in the Departmental Legislative Assembly.[1][2] As with other departmental, provincial, and municipal elected officials, Patzi and the Legislative Assembly's set term of office was due to expire in mid-2020, completing a five-year mandate started in 2015. However, due to the annulment of the 2019 general election results as an outcome of that year's political crisis, the terms of all subnational authorities were extended until after new national elections had taken place.[3][4]

The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) issued the call for subnational elections on 10 November 2020, scheduling them to be held on 7 March 2021. Individuals aged 18 by the election date or who had recently changed residency could register to vote between 3 and 17 December.[5] 28 December was set as the deadline for political organizations to register their candidacies.[6] For all nine autonomous departments, the electoral system has been in continuous use since 2010, involving separate contests for governor as the executive authority and all seats in the legislative body, known as the Departmental Legislative Assembly. All governorships are elected by a simple majority in a two-round system, with the top two candidates moving to a runoff if none of the contending parties attains fifty percent of the vote. Additionally, a second round may be avoided if one candidate achieves a forty percent plurality with ten percent more votes than the next closest competitor.[7][8]

Twenty seats in the Legislative Assembly are elected in provincial single-member circumscriptions (assembly members by territory), while the other twenty are elected on an electoral list in a single department-wide party-list circumscription (assembly members by population), allocated proportionally using the D'Hondt method. The remaining five seats are reserved for the department's indigenous nations, appointed or elected by indigenous authorities in accordance with usos y costumbres.[7][9]

Candidates and campaigns

Jallalla La Paz

In mid-November, Felipe Quispe, popularly known as "El Mallku", launched his gubernatorial candidacy.[10] The former guerilla and trade union leader had previously contested 2015's gubernatorial race on behalf of the Movement for Sovereignty (MPS), which this time opted to run university professor Federico Zelada as its candidate.[11][12] Though Quispe was a member of his own front, Forward United People (APU)—led by his son, Santos Quispe—the party lacked legal registration, leading him to seek out an authorized organization willing to lend him its acronym.[13][14] In December, Santos Quispe sealed an alliance between APU and Jallalla La Paz of Leopoldo Chui, which agreed to nominate his father as its candidate.[15][16]

Quispe quickly established himself as an early frontrunner in the opening weeks of the campaign, with Ciesmori's first opinion poll published in late January giving him a quarter of the popular vote, trailed by a multitude of opposing candidates.[17] By the time that poll was released, however, Quispe's prospects of attaining the governorship had been severely hampered, given that he was dead, having suffered from cardiac arrest a week prior.[18] The Mallku's demise immediately put into question the electoral future of Jallalla, which was forced to seek an alternative candidate. Within a day of Quispe's death, his son, Santos, moved to "inherit" his father's candidacy, with APU's leadership announcing that it had selected him as the party's new nominee.[19] Jallalla formally accepted the change on 2 February, following a meeting between representatives from all seventy-eight municipalities in which the organization had a presence.[20]

Movement for Socialism

Within the Movement for Socialism, the candidate selection process operates under the framework of pluralism. Local party branches and affiliated social organizations are tasked with selecting pre-candidates, who are then evaluated by the party's leadership. The official nomination is a choice made solely by party leaders, together with allied social organizations.[21] Just two prominent political leaders were presented as pre-candidates for the nomination. The first was Franklin Flores, a former member of the Chamber of Deputies, who was proclaimed by several agrarian workers' unions in his home province of Aroma, in addition to receiving the support of the Túpac Katari Peasant Federation.[22] The second was Beimar Calep Mamani, the outgoing mayor of Palos Blancos, who enjoyed support from the Federation of Intercultural Communities of La Paz as well as various agrarian unions in the north of the department.[21]

Early into the internal primary process, Flores established himself as the favorite to win the nomination, enjoying the support of party leader Evo Morales. The former president announced that Flores had been designated as the MAS's candidate on 14 December, a position officialized two weeks later. According to Morales, Flores' selection had been reached "almost by consensus",[23][24] a point denied by Mamani and the Intercultural Federation, with the former contending that Morales had been misinformed into believing that Flores was the only candidate in the running.[25][26] The dispute led Página Siete to later describe Flores as having been "chosen by Evo", a point he denied, pointing out that over 2,000 local communities had backed him before he won Morales' endorsement.[27]

Somos Pueblo

Of the major gubernatorial candidates, Rafael Quispe had been in the race the longest, having established himself as a contender years in advance. Quispe's gubernatorial aspirations stemmed as far back as 2014 when he unsuccessfully sought the National Unity Front's nomination to contest the 2015 gubernatorial election.[28] Since then, the former deputy and former head of the Indigenous Development Fund had worked on structuring his own political organization, touring the department's rural areas with a view toward gaining support to seek the governorship.[29] In late 2018, he joined Venceremos, a newly legally registered civic group led by El Alto Municipal Councillor Óscar Huanca. Reports at the time indicated that the group had selected Quispe as its gubernatorial candidate.[30] By 2019, however, Quispe appeared to have moved away from Huanca, having instead founded his own political organization, Somos Pueblo.[31] Venceremos, in turn, opted instead to nominate Juan Choque, Felipe Quispe's son-in-law, as its candidate.[32]

Quispe formally launched his gubernatorial campaign in September 2019, signing an alliance between Somos Pueblo and the Social Democratic Movement (MDS) to form Somos Pueblo Demócrata, a coalition that also included New Social Option (NOS), a small local party.[33] As a result of the year-long delay in holding subnational elections, Quispe shelved his plans, relaunching the campaign in early November 2020.[34] For this run, Quispe joined forces with Iván Arias to form For the Common Good – Somos Pueblo (PBCSP), an alliance between their two political organizations. As both fronts lacked legal registration, the MDS again sponsored the alliance, joined this time by Suma Escoma. Arias and Quispe jointly officialized their candidacies for mayor and governor, respectively, on 28 December.[31][35][36]

Third System Movement

For incumbent governor Félix Patzi—whose party, the MTS, had attained legal registration since becoming governor—the question of whether he would seek reelection remained pendant until the final weeks preceding candidate registration.[37][38] Patzi's most recent electoral endeavor had been his 2019 bid for the presidency, in which he attained a meager 3.18 percent in his home department.[39] In addition, Patzi's poor handling of the COVID-19 pandemic left much to be desired, leaving him vulnerable in a future second-term bid.[40] Given these concerns, on 5 December, the MTS held a party conference to define whether or not Patzi would seek reelection.[38] The meeting, attended by party partisans and allied social organizations, concluded that Patzi's reelection was "necessary" in order to continue the public works projects initiated during his first term.[41]

Other political organizations

This election was noted for the high degree of indigenous representation on the ballot, with a majority of gubernatorial candidates being of some indigenous descent. According to analyst Marcelo Arequipa, the prevalence of indigenous candidates reflected the shifting voting demographics in the department. For the first time, the Aymara city of El Alto and not the capital of La Paz enjoyed a majority of registered voters, making it, together with the provinces, the key to winning the election.[42][43] Apart from the top four contenders—all ethnic Aymara—indigenous candidates running with minor fronts included Beatriz Álvarez. A chola Aymara, Álvarez had served as a La Paz municipal councillor on behalf of Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo), the party that nominated her to seek the governorship.[44] Of the fourteen candidates, only Álvarez and one other individual—Assemblywoman Claudia Bravo of the National Unity Front (UN)—were women.[45]

Other candidates included Franclin Gutiérrez, who was invited to run by the Front for Victory (FPV). The cocalero activist had led the Departmental Association of Coca Producers (ADEPCOCA) and was noted for having been arrested during the Morales administration, spending fifteen months in preventative detention on dubious charges that were dropped in 2019.[46][47] On behalf of Civic Community — Autonomies (C-A), Samuel Sea was presented as a candidate for the governorship. In the 2020 elections, Sea had been a candidate for deputy in La Paz's circumscription 16 and was the alliance's coordinator in the provinces. As with Felipe Quispe, Sea's candidacy was cut short after he died from complications related to COVID-19.[48] Sea was replaced on the ballot by Mateo Laura, who had previously governed La Paz as prefect—the precursor to governor—between 2002 and 2003.[49]

General election

Opinion polling

Date(s) Pollster Client S. Quispe Flores R. Quispe Patzi Gutiérrez Álvarez Bravo Choque Calle C-A[lower-alpha 5] Tito O. Quispe Zelada Quenta None Lead
7 Mar[lower-alpha 6] Cisemori UNITEL 27.1% 37.3% 22.1% 5.4% 1.3% 1.9% 0.9% 1.0% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% N/A 10.2%
7 Mar[lower-alpha 6] Focaliza Bolivisión 24.9% 37.7% 20.5% 3.4% 0.8% 1.9% 0.6% 1.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.8% 1.5% 0.2% 0.3% 5.6%[lower-alpha 7] 12.8%
25 Feb Ciesmori UNITEL 17.0% 23.3% 16.7% 4.7% 1.6% 0.9% 0.5% 0.5% 0.6% 0.8% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 33.1%[lower-alpha 8] 6.3%
21 Feb Focaliza Bolivisión 17.4% 21.2% 16.5% 10.2% 2.7% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 30.4%[lower-alpha 9] 3.8%
11 Feb Ciesmori UNITEL 18.4% 21.3% 14.9% 9.3% 2.7% 0.9% 0.6% 0.5% N/A 1.9% 0.2% 0.6% 0.2% 0.0% 28.3%[lower-alpha 10] 2.9%
24 Jan Ciesmori UNITEL 25.0%[lower-alpha 11] 15.1% 10.8% 10.1% 3.7% 1.6% 0.8% 0.6% N/A 1.7% N/A 0.3% N/A 0.3% 30.0%[lower-alpha 12] 9.9%

Results

Composition of the Legislative Assembly following the election.
Legislative results by provincial circumscription (left) and electoral list (right).

The death of Felipe Quispe significantly shifted the competitive nature of the campaign. Speaking to Página Siete, Rafael Quispe predicted that the Mallku's departure would serve to aid the candidates in second and third place; that is, Flores and himself. "The MAS supporters who were going to vote for the Mallku will return to the MAS, and the people who were going to vote for the Mallku because he was against the MAS will return to Rafael", Quispe stated.[50] By 11 February, Ciesmori's second opinion poll found that the "posthumous vote" had not significantly carried over to Santos Quispe, who moved down to second place, putting Flores in the lead.[51] Flores maintained his slight edger over the opposition candidates for the remainder of the race, though not by a high enough percentage to circumvent a runoff, even when calculating the results without taking the undecided and null vote into account.[52]

By election night, however, exit polling conducted by Ciesmori and Focaliza indicated a surge in MAS support, granting Flores nearly forty percent of the vote with an over ten-point lead above his closest competitor.[53] The margin was substantial enough for Red UNO to call the race for Flores, believing that with the remaining votes, he would be able to avoid a second round.[54] With that, Flores himself declared victory, as did Morales. For his part, Santos Quispe decried fraud, alleging irregularities in the vote counting process, for which his supporters installed vigils outside the Departmental Electoral Tribunal (TED)'s facilities.[55][56] In the ensuing days, the ongoing vote count narrowed the race, placing Flores' victory in uncertainty. A week after the election, the TED released its final tabulation, giving Flores 39.7 percent of the first round vote, leaving him just three-tenths of a percent shy of winning the governorship outright and setting off a runoff in the department.[57]

With the second round underway, both Flores and Quispe went about shoring up their bases of support in the department, with Flores seeking to solidify the MAS vote in the provinces while Quispe campaigned in the capital.[58] Both contenders also sought out alliances with other parties, with Flores attaining the support of the Bolivian National Action Party (PAN-BOL) and, more importantly, the MTS of outgoing governor Félix Patzi.[59][60] According to analysts, Flores' main obstacle in reaching the governorship was surviving the vote in the city of La Paz, the only municipality that had not been won by either of the top two contenders, having lent its support to Rafael Quispe.[61][62] For his part, Quispe expressed his dissatisfaction with both candidates, considering them "the same" and announcing his intent to vote null. His party, Somos Pueblo, similarly refused to endorse either the MAS or JALLALLA, encouraging supporters to make their own choice.[63] For columnist José Luis Quiroga, Flores' chances of winning relied on whether voters in the capital switched their support to Santos Quispe—which was not a given—or opted instead to sit out the runoff.[62]

Ultimately, a majority of voters in the second round broke for Quispe, who defeated Flores by a margin of 55.23 percent to Flores' 44.77.[64] Though voting was repeated on 25 April at four polling centers in El Alto and La Paz, the results, constituting 00.04 percent of the total vote, did not sway the election.[65]

Candidate Party or alliance Gubernatorial results Legislative Assembly results
First round Second round Single-member seats Party-list seats Total
Votes  % Votes  % Votes  % Seats Votes  % Seats
Santos Quispe Jallalla La Paz 392,132 25.18 831,816 55.23 284,501 23.04 2 258,733 24.31 6 8
Franklin Flores Movement for Socialism 618,221 39.70 674,220 44.77 500,145 40.50 16 420,265 39.48 9 25
Rafael Quispe Somos Pueblo[lower-alpha 4] 349,384 22.44 250,750 20.30 0 222,170 20.87 5 5
Félix Patzi Third System Movement 67,948 4.36 55,800 4.52 1 34,745 3.26 0 1
Franclin Gutiérrez Front for Victory 23,517 1.51 10,714 0.87 0 11,945 1.12 0 0
Beatriz Álvarez Sovereignty and Liberty 22,626 1.45 25,858 2.09 1 27,650 2.60 0 1
Claudia Bravo National Unity Front 21,331 1.37 11,560 0.94 0 17,558 1.65 0 0
Juan Choque Venceremos 16,314 1.05 26,385 2.14 0 20,380 1.91 0 0
Rufo Calle Christian Democratic 11,033 0.71 139 0.01 0 6,326 0.59 0 0
Mateo Laura Civic Community – Autonomies 8,578 0.55 26,154 2.12 0 12,262 1.15 0 0
Julio Tito Patriotic Social Alliance 7,944 0.51 15,371 1.24 0 11,192 1.05 0 0
Orlando Quispe Bolivian National Action 6,886 0.44 6,674 0.54 0 5,512 0.52 0 0
Federico Zelada Movement for Sovereignty 6,269 0.40 17,076 1.38 0 9,314 0.88 0 0
Santiago Quenta United Invincible[lower-alpha 13] 5,025 0.32 3,917 0.32 0 6,402 0.60 0 0
Total 1,557,208 100.00 1,506,036 100.00 1,235,044 100.00 20 1,064,454 100.00 20 45[lower-alpha 14]
Valid votes 1,557,208 90.35 1,506,036 92.90 1,235,044 71.68 1,064,454 61.83
Invalid/blank votes 166,378 9.65 115,092 7.10 487,988 28.32 657,015 38.17
Total votes 1,723,586 100.00 1,621,128 100.00 1,723,032 100.00 1,721,469 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 1,950,428 88.37 1,947,828 83.23 1,950,428 88.34 1,950,428 88.26
Source: Plurinational Electoral Organ | Electoral Atlas[66][67][68]

Aftermath

Quispe was formally accredited as governor-elect by the TED on 28 April, and within hours of receiving his credentials, broke his pact with Jallalla, announcing his intent to solidify APU as a political force.[69][70] Quispe's actions led Chui to denounce him as a "traitor," and the governor was formally expelled from Jallalla on 10 May, seven days after his formal inauguration.[71] The dispute precipitated a fraught tenure for Quispe, whose term was marked by a series of controversies, kicking off within his first few months in office.[72] By mid-2023, mounting scandals, including an arrest for public intoxication and an investigation into rape allegations,[73][74] among others, had caused the governor's public approval to plummet,[75] with multiple fronts actively soliciting a recall referendum again him.[76]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Five reserved seats appointed or elected by native indigenous authorities in accordance with usos y costumbres.
  2. ↑ Reduced to 1,947,828 in second round.
  3. ↑ Reduced to 83.23% in second round.
  4. 1 2 Coalition between For the Common Good and Somos Pueblo, legally registered by the Social Democratic Movement and Suma Escoma.
  5. ↑ Ciesmori 2–4: Mateo Laura
    Focaliza 1–2: Mateo Laura
    Ciesmori 1: Samuel Sea
  6. 1 2 Exit poll.
  7. ↑ Blank/None: 2%
    Null: 1.1%
    Secret: 2.5%
  8. ↑ Blank/None: 6.2%
    Null: 1%
    Undecided: 25.9%
  9. ↑ Blank/None: 9.5%
    Null: 2.6%
    Undecided: 18.3%
  10. ↑ Blank/None: 8.5%
    Null: 1.7%
    Undecided: 18.1%
  11. ↑ Felipe Quispe.
  12. ↑ Blank/None: 7.1%
    Null: 2.4%
    Undecided: 20.5%
  13. ↑ Coalition between Libre 21 and the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement.
  14. ↑ Figure includes five indigenous seats.

Footnotes

  1. ↑ "Félix Patzi es el candidato de SOL.BO a la Gobernación". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 22 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  2. ↑ "Patzi gana la Gobernación y Revilla es reelecto en La Paz". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  3. ↑ "Gobernadores juran y Evo pide fin de la confrontación" [Governors are sworn in and Evo asks for end of confrontation]. Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 31 May 2015. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  4. ↑ "Bolivia: Áñez promulga ley de ampliación a su mandato". The San Diego Union-Tribune (in Spanish). La Paz. Associated Press. 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  5. ↑ "TSE convoca a elecciones subnacionales para el 7 de marzo". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 10 November 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  6. ↑ Corz, Carlos (14 December 2020). "El TSE amplía hasta el 28 plazo para registro de candidatos a las subnacionales". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  7. 1 2 Ascarrunz 2021, pp. 263–264
  8. ↑ "A Franklin Flores le faltó décimas e irá a segunda vuelta con Santos Quispe". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. ERBOL. 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  9. ↑ Bustillos, Iván (14 April 2021). "Departamentos, los gobiernos complejos". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  10. ↑ "'El Mallku' quiere ser candidato a Gobernador de La Paz y busca una sigla para las subnacionales". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 14 November 2020. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  11. ↑ "MPS postula a 'El Mallku' a la gobernación de La Paz". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 24 December 2014. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  12. ↑ "MPS acelera su campaña en provincias en carrera por la Gobernación y 86 alcaldías". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  13. ↑ Sánchez, César (14 November 2020). "El 'Mallku' anuncia su candidatura a la Gobernación de La Paz". Oxígeno (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  14. ↑ "Biografía de Santos Quispe". waynamallku.com (in Spanish). La Paz. 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  15. ↑ Chuquimia, Leny (21 February 2021). "Ajeno a los medios y con El Mallku como gancho, Santos Quispe no presenta plan". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  16. ↑ "El Mallku es candidato a gobernador de La Paz". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 16 December 2020. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  17. ↑ Estremadoiro Flores, Ernesto (24 January 2021). "El fallecido 'Mallku' primero en la intención de voto en La Paz, el MAS en Cochabamba y Creemos en Santa Cruz". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  18. ↑ Romano, Gabriel (20 January 2021). Written at La Paz. "Muere Felipe Quispe, el líder indígena que quiso ser presidente de Bolivia". Swissinfo (in Spanish). Bern. EFE. Archived from the original on 24 August 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  19. ↑ "Perfilan a Santos Quispe como candidato sucesor de El Mallku". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 21 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  20. ↑ "El hijo de 'El Mallku' es proclamado como candidato para la gobernación de La Paz". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 2 February 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  21. 1 2 Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (28 November 2020). "MAS suma seis precandidatos con miras a Alcaldía de La Paz". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 26 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  22. ↑ "En Ayo Ayo proponen al exdiputado Franklin Flores del MAS candidato a Gobernador de La Paz". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 15 November 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  23. ↑ "Evo: Flores será candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz y Dockweiler a la alcaldía". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 15 December 2020. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  24. ↑ "MAS elige a Franklin Flores como candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 27 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  25. ↑ "MAS: Interculturales tienen su candidato a gobernador paceño y piden a Evo convocar para definir". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 23 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  26. ↑ "Mamani: A Evo le han hecho creer que Flores es el único candidato a gobernador en La Paz". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 23 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 January 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  27. ↑ "El elegido por Evo y el heredero de El Mallku, en duelo final por la Gobernación paceña". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 4 April 2021. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  28. ↑ Charca Huasco, Jorge (13 November 2017). "Concejales y gente del ex-MSM serán parte del nuevo partido de Quispe". El Alteño (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  29. ↑ Carballo, María (27 July 2018). "Quispe se aleja de UD y lidera un grupo que busca la Gobernación". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  30. ↑ "Venceremos postulará a Huanca como alcalde de El Alto y a Rafael Quispe como Gobernador de La Paz". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 20 October 2018. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  31. 1 2 "'Fui candidata del Tata Rafael Quispe, no del Negro Arias', afirma concejala de La Paz". Público.bo (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 22 March 2022. Archived from the original on 25 March 2022. Retrieved 31 July 2022. Nosotros construimos Somos Pueblo hace tres años ...
  32. ↑ "Venceremos postula al 'yerno de El Mallku' para la gobernación de La Paz y a Encinas a la alcaldía". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 21 December 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  33. ↑ Ariñez, Rubén (30 September 2019). "Quispe lanza su candidatura para la Gobernación de La Paz por el frente Pueblo". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  34. ↑ Melendres Galvis, Miguel Angel (4 November 2020). "Tata Quispe renuncia a su viceministerio e inaugura su Casa de Campaña para las subnacionales". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  35. ↑ "El TSE habilita a Somos Pueblo que postula a Rafael Quispe para la Gobernación de La Paz". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Agencia Boliviana de Información. 25 December 2020. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  36. ↑ "Quispe y Arias lanzan en conjunto sus candidaturas con Somos Pueblo". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. ERBOL. 28 December 2020. Archived from the original on 28 December 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  37. ↑ "TSE otorga personalidad jurídica al MTS que habilita a Patzi como candidato presidencial". Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 1 November 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  38. 1 2 "El MTS definirá el 5 de diciembre si Patzi va por la reelección en la Gobernación paceña". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  39. ↑ "Publicación de Resultados Nacionales: Elecciones Generales 2019" (PDF). www.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). Plurinational Electoral Organ. 2019. p. 9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 May 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  40. ↑ "Gobernadores Patzi y Oliva pierden en la reelección". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  41. ↑ "Según el MTS, organizaciones sociales piden a Félix Patzi buscar la relección a Gobernador de La Paz". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 6 December 2020. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  42. ↑ "La presencia indígena se impone en la carrera electoral hacia la Gobernación de La Paz". Bolivia.com (in Spanish). La Paz. Agencia Boliviana de Información. 29 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  43. ↑ Mamani Cayo, Yolanda (4 February 2021). "El Alto gana a La Paz en votantes y es clave para elegir gobernador". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  44. ↑ "Sol.bo presentó a Beatriz Álvarez como candidata a la Gobernación de La Paz". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 19 January 2021. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  45. ↑ "La Paz: UN inscribió a Claudia Bravo como candidata a la gobernación". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 30 December 2020. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  46. ↑ "FPV invita a Franclin Gutiérrez para postular a gobernador de La Paz". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 30 November 2020. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  47. ↑ "FPV proclama a Franclin Gutiérrez como candidato a gobernador de La Paz". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 14 December 2020. Archived from the original on 25 December 2020. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  48. ↑ "Muere por covid el candidato a la gobernación de La Paz por CC Samuel Sea Ilimuri". Urgente.bo (in Spanish). La Paz. 16 January 2021. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  49. ↑ Tedesqui Vargas, Luis Marcelo (4 February 2021). "Mateo Laura, exprefecto, es el nuevo candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  50. ↑ Romero, Daniela (7 February 2021). "Tata Quispe: 'Yo llego a la clase media y a los indios, es mi fortaleza'". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 February 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022. La gente del MAS que iba a votar por el Mallku va a volver al MAS y la gente que iba a votar por Mallku porque era contrario al MAS, va a volver a Rafael porque es opositor al MAS.
  51. ↑ Lizárraga, Paulo (11 February 2021). "Encuesta: Voto póstumo no ayuda a Santos; Franklin Flores sube al primer lugar". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  52. ↑ "Encuesta: Franklin Flores sube en La Paz y el segundo lugar está casi empatado". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 26 February 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  53. ↑ "Franklin Flores gana en primera vuelta la Gobernación de La Paz, pero habría balotaje". El País (in Spanish). Tarija. 7 March 2021. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  54. ↑ "Conteo rápido: Franklin Flores sería el nuevo Gobernador de La Paz". Red UNO (in Spanish). La Paz. 8 March 2021. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  55. ↑ "Flores se declara ganador y dice que trabajará con 'hechos y no con palabras'". Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. 7 March 2021. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  56. ↑ "Santos Quispe teme fraude en el cómputo en La Paz y mantiene vigilia en el TED". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. Agencia de Noticias Fides. 10 March 2021. Archived from the original on 15 March 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  57. ↑ "A Franklin Flores le faltó décimas e irá a segunda vuelta con Santos Quispe". ERBOL (in Spanish). La Paz. 14 March 2021. Archived from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  58. ↑ Aramayo, Viviana (5 April 2021). "Franklin Flores busca últimos votos en provincias y Santos Quispe en la zona Sur". La Octava (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  59. ↑ "Jallalla La Paz y el MAS buscan nuevas alianzas para la segunda vuelta por la Gobernación paceña". UNITEL (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 16 March 2021. Archived from the original on 16 March 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  60. ↑ "MTS y PAN-Bol deciden apoyar al MAS en el balotaje por el menosprecio de Santos Quispe". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 29 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  61. ↑ "Segunda vuelta: ¿Cuáles son los escenarios posibles en las cuatro gobernaciones en juego?". Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Sucre. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  62. 1 2 Quiroga, José Luis (7 April 2021). "Entre contradicciones y soberbia". Agencia Boliviana de Información (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  63. ↑ Condori, Edwin (6 April 2021). "Rafael Quispe votará nulo porque cree que Santos Quispe y Franklin Flores 'son lo mismo'". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  64. ↑ "La Paz completa el cómputo en segunda vuelta: Santos Quispe vence en la gobernación y el MAS en la Asamblea". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 26 April 2021. Archived from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  65. ↑ Chuquimia, Marco Antonio (14 April 2021). "Segunda vuelta: La Paz repetirá elecciones en cuatro mesas el 25 de abril". El Deber (in Spanish). Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 26 August 2022.
  66. ↑ "Elecciones Gobernadores 2021 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  67. ↑ "Elecciones de Asambleístas por Territorio 2021 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  68. ↑ "Elecciones de Asambleístas por Población 2021 | Atlas Electoral". atlaselectoral.oep.org.bo (in Spanish). La Paz: Plurinational Electoral Organ. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  69. ↑ Luna, Pedro (28 April 2021). "Quispe rompe con Jallalla y lanza APU; Chui le conmina a cumplir el acuerdo político". La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  70. ↑ "Santos Quispe rompe alianza con Jallalla La Paz". Los Tiempos (in Spanish). Cochabamba. ERBOL. 28 April 2021. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  71. ↑ "Expulsan a Santos Quispe de Jallalla por 'traidor', anuncian acciones legales y revocatorio". Agencia de Noticias Fides (in Spanish). La Paz. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  72. ↑ Segales, Erika (27 May 2021). "En un mes, el gobernador Quispe estuvo envuelto en 7 polémicas" [In one month, Governor Quispe was involved in 7 scandals]. Página Siete (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  73. ↑ "Detención domiciliaria, arraigo y fianza de Bs 70 mil para el gobernador Santos Quispe" [House arrest, travel ban, and bail of Bs 70,000 for Governor Santos Quispe]. Correo del Sur (in Spanish). Sucre. 3 February 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  74. ↑ Góngora, Boris (15 May 2023). "Fiscalía cita para este jueves al gobernador Santos Quispe por el delito de violación" [Prosecutor's Office summons Governor Santos Quispe for this Thursday for the crime of rape]. La Razón (in Spanish). La Paz. Archived from the original on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  75. ↑ "Cruceños y la Llajta aprueban el trabajo de sus gobernadores, según encuesta" [Cruceños and the Llajta approve of the work of their governors, according to poll]. Opinión (in Spanish). Cochabamba. 21 October 2021. Archived from the original on 7 October 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  76. ↑ "Wayna Mallku no tiene miedo al revocatorio" [Wayna Mallku doesn't fear recall]. El Alteño (in Spanish). El Alto. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.

Bibliography

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