2022 Pan Am Badminton Championships
Tournament details
Dates26–29 April 2022
Edition25th
VenuePalacio de los Deportes Carlos "El Famoso" Hernández
LocationSan Salvador, El Salvador
Champions
Men's singlesGuatemala Kevin Cordón
Women's singlesCanada Michelle Li
Men's doublesMexico Job Castillo
Mexico Luis Montoya
Women's doublesCanada Rachel Honderich
Canada Kristen Tsai
Mixed doublesCanada Ty Alexander Lindeman
Canada Josephine Wu
2021 2023

The XXIV 2022 Pan Am Badminton Championships was a continental championships tournament of badminton for the Americas. It was held in San Salvador, El Salvador from 26 to 29 April.[1]

Tournament

The individual event of 2022 Pan Am Badminton Championships was a 25th edition of the Pan American Badminton Championships.

Venue

  • The individual event is being held at Palacio de los Deportes Carlos "El Famoso" Hernández in the city of San Salvador, El Salvador.[1]

Point distribution

Below is the tables with the point distribution for each phase of the tournament based on the BWF points system for the Pan American Badminton Championships, which is equivalent to a Super 300 event.[2]

Winner Runner-up 3/4 5/8 9/16 17/32 33/64
7,0005,9504,9003,8502,7501,670660

Medalists

Event Gold Silver Bronze
Men's singles Guatemala Kevin Cordón Canada Brian Yang Brazil Ygor Coelho
El Salvador Uriel Canjura
Women's singles Canada Michelle Li United States Beiwen Zhang United States Iris Wang
Canada Rachel Chan
Men's doubles Mexico Job Castillo
Mexico Luis Montoya
United States Vinson Chiu
United States Joshua Yuan
Canada Kevin Lee
Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman
Canada Adam Dong
Canada Nyl Yakura
Women's doubles Canada Rachel Honderich
Canada Kristen Tsai
Canada Catherine Choi
Canada Josephine Wu
Brazil Sania Lima
Brazil Tamires Santos
United States Francesca Corbett
United States Allison Lee
Mixed doubles Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman
Canada Josephine Wu
Guatemala Jonathan Solís
Guatemala Diana Corleto
Canada Nyl Yakura
Canada Crystal Lai
Brazil Davi Silva
Brazil Sania Lima

Medal table

Individual events

  *   Host nation (El Salvador)

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Canada3249
2 Guatemala1102
3 Mexico1001
4 United States0224
5 Brazil0033
6 El Salvador*0011
Totals (6 entries)551020

Individual event

Men's singles

Seeds

  1. Canada Brian Yang (final)
  2. Guatemala Kevin Cordón (champion)
  3. Canada Jason Ho-Shue (quarter-finals)
  4. Brazil Ygor Coelho (semi-finals)
  5. Mexico Lino Muñoz (third round)
  6. Canada B. R. Sankeerth (quarter-finals)
  7. Mexico Luis Montoya (second round)
  8. Mexico Job Castillo (quarter-finals)

Finals

Semi-finals Final
          
1 Canada Brian Yang 17 21 21
4 Brazil Ygor Coelho 21 10 8
1 Canada Brian Yang 17 14
2 Guatemala Kevin Cordón 21 21
El Salvador Uriel Canjura 18 21 13
2 Guatemala Kevin Cordón 21 18 21

Top half

Section 1
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
1 Canada B Yang 21 21
Mexico A Gaitan 13 11
Mexico A Gaitan 21 21
Costa Rica M Castillo 5 6
1 Canada B Yang 21 21
Guyana N Ramdhani 2 8
Guyana N Ramdhani 21 21
Jamaica M Williams 8 15
Dominican Republic A Ortiz 18 22 21
Jamaica M Williams 21 20 23
1 Canada B Yang 21 21
Brazil D Oliveira 13 12
7 Mexico L Montoya 18 17
Brazil D Oliveira 21 21
Brazil D Oliveira 21 21
Costa Rica G Cavallotti 8 5
Brazil D Oliveira 21 21
United States H Shu 15 15
Jamaica B Evans
Venezuela M Quijada w / o
Venezuela M Quijada 18 12
United States H Shu 21 21
Colombia E Rodriguez 1 7
United States H Shu 21 21
Section 2
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
4 Brazil Y Coelho 21 21
United States D H Averia 17 6
Peru D la Torre 16 15
United States D H Averia 21 21
4 Brazil Y Coelho 21 22
Guatemala R Castellanos 8 20
Guatemala R Castellanos 21 21
El Salvador J Alas 10 12
El Salvador J Alas 21 21
Dominican Republic D Acosta 5 16
4 Brazil Y Coelho 21 21
8 Mexico J Castillo 7 12
8 Mexico J Castillo 21 21
Argentina N Oliva 16 13
Barbados K King 9 7
Argentina N Oliva 21 21
8 Mexico J Castillo 21 21
United States J Ma 18 16
Ecuador J Huebla
Guyana A Haynes w / o
Guyana A Haynes 12 4
United States J Ma 21 21
United States J Ma 21 21
El Salvador K Suria 8 11

Bottom half

Section 3
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
Guatemala J Ochoa 11 8
El Salvador U Canjura 21 21
El Salvador U Canjura w / o
Barbados G Robinson
Ecuador A Baque
Barbados G Robinson w / o
El Salvador U Canjura 21 12 22
5 Mexico L Muñoz 18 21 20
El Salvador C Rodriguez 19 21 21
Guyana T Jeffrey 21 6 6
El Salvador C Rodriguez 1 3
5 Mexico L Muñoz 21 21
El Salvador U Canjura 21 21
3 Canada J Ho-Shue 19 19
Costa Rica R Mora 3 5
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky 21 21
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky 10 10
Brazil J Matias 21 21
Dominican Republic A Mariñez 12 2
Brazil J Matias 21 21
Brazil J Matias 22 18 15
3 Canada J Ho-Shue 20 21 21
El Salvador V García 10 14
Peru A Viale 21 21
Peru A Viale 17 12
3 Canada J Ho-Shue 21 21
Section 4
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
Canada V Lai 21 21
El Salvador M Mejia 8 5
Canada V Lai 21 21
Argentina S Otero 6 5
Argentina S Otero 21 21
Venezuela F Barrios 18 16
Canada V Lai 21 20 14
6 Canada B. R. Sankeerth 19 22 21
Peru J Guevara 18 14
United States E Asuncion 21 21
United States E Asuncion 16 6
6 Canada B. R. Sankeerth 21 21
6 Canada B. R. Sankeerth 19 20
2 Guatemala K Cordón 21 22
Barbados D Forde 2 8
Brazil A S Pomoceno 21 21
Brazil A S Pomoceno w / o
Jamaica S Ricketts
Brazil A S Pomoceno 7 14
2 Guatemala K Cordón 21 21
Guatemala Y del Cid 21 21
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla 11 5
Guatemala Y del Cid 9 10
2 Guatemala K Cordón 21 21

Women's singles

Seeds

  1. Canada Michelle Li (champion)
  2. United States Beiwen Zhang (final)
  3. United States Iris Wang (semi-finals)
  4. United States Lauren Lam (third round)
  5. Canada Zhang Wenyu (quarter-finals)
  6. Mexico Haramara Gaitan (quarter-finals)
  7. Canada Talia Ng (quarter-finals)
  8. Guatemala Nikté Sotomayor (third round)

Finals

Semi-finals Final
          
1 Canada Michelle Li 21 21
3 United States Iris Wang 14 18
1 Canada Michelle Li 21 16 25
2 United States Beiwen Zhang 18 21 23
Canada Rachel Chan 19 22 6
2 United States Beiwen Zhang 21 20 21

Top half

Section 1
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
1 Canada M Li 21 21
Mexico J Bautista 6 8
Jamaica K Wynter
Mexico J Bautista w / o
1 Canada M Li 21 21
Peru N Miyahira 11 7
Argentina A Oliva 17 16
Peru N Miyahira 21 21
Venezuela D Ortiz 12 21 10
Peru N Miyahira 21 16 21
1 Canada M Li 21 21
6 Mexico H Gaitan 19 9
6 Mexico H Gaitan 17 21 21
Brazil J Lima 21 9 10
Brazil J Lima 21 21
Ecuador M Zambrano 5 10
6 Mexico H Gaitan 21 20 21
Brazil J Alves 15 22 12
Dominican Republic N A Jiménez 24 17 15
Brazil J Alves 22 21 21
Brazil J Alves 21 21 21
El Salvador F Centeno 23 19 15
Section 2
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
3 United States I Wang 21 21
Guatemala K Orellana 8 7
Guatemala K Orellana 21 21
Guyana P Ramdhani 13 17
3 United States I Wang 21 21
Barbados T Williams 6 6
El Salvador W Nayeli 15 11
Barbados T Williams 21 21
Barbados T Williams 21 21
El Salvador M Revelo 19 11
3 United States I Wang 21 21
Peru I Castillo 9 8
8 Guatemala N Sotomayor 21 12 21
Mexico V García 17 21 14
Mexico V García 21 21
Barbados M Riviera 9 10
8 Guatemala N Sotomayor 17 21 16
Peru I Castillo 21 14 21
Peru I Castillo 21 21
Venezuela D Mendoza 10 14
Guatemala L Santizo 21 18 19
Venezuela D Mendoza 16 21 21

Bottom half

Section 3
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
El Salvador I Saldaña 7 8
Barbados S Scott 21 21
Barbados S Scott 10 11
Argentina I Gualdi 21 21
Ecuador C Choez
Argentina I Gualdi w / o
Argentina I Gualdi 7 8
5 Canada Zhang WY 21 21
Mexico S Solis 21 21
Dominican Republic J Acosta 11 10
Mexico S Solis 10 16
5 Canada Zhang WY 21 21
5 Canada Zhang WY 17 16
Canada R Chan 21 21
Ecuador N Tapia
Dominican Republic D Acosta w / o
Dominican Republic D Acosta 6 9
Canada R Chan 21 21
Canada R Chan 21 21
4 United States L Lam 19 17
El Salvador D Hernández 11 6
Peru F Saponara 21 21
Peru F Saponara 10 11
4 United States L Lam 21 21
Section 4
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
Brazil J V Vieira 21 21
El Salvador G Barrios 2 5
Brazil J V Vieira 21 21
Brazil S Lima 12 4
Brazil J V Vieira 18 12
7 Canada T Ng 21 21
Venezuela T Sánchez 16 21 12
Dominican Republic C Pie 21 9 21
Dominican Republic C Pie 5 5
7 Canada T Ng 21 21
7 Canada T Ng 19 19
2 United States BW Zhang 21 21
Colombia J Giraldo 10 19
Guatemala A Paiz 21 21
Guatemala A Paiz 21 21
Jamaica T Richardson 12 19
Guatemala A Paiz 9 17
2 United States BW Zhang 21 21
Trinidad and Tobago C De Boulet 10 21 15
Costa Rica C Zapata 21 15 21
Costa Rica C Zapata 3 5
2 United States BW Zhang 21 21

Men's doubles

Seeds

  1. Guatemala Aníbal Marroquín / Jonathan Solís (second round)
  2. Mexico Job Castillo / Luis Montoya (champions)
  3. Guatemala Rubén Castellanos / Christopher Martínez (second round)
  4. Barbados Shae Michael Martin / Gavin Robinson (withdrew)

Finals

Semi-finals Final
          
  Canada Kevin Lee
Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman
14 16
United States Vinson Chiu
United States Joshua Yuan
21 21
United States Vinson Chiu
United States Joshua Yuan
20 8r
2 Mexico Job Castillo
Mexico Luis Montoya
22 11
Canada Adam Dong
Canada Nyl Yakura
21 19 13
2 Mexico Job Castillo
Mexico Luis Montoya
17 21 21

Top half

Section 1
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
1 Guatemala A Marroquín
Guatemala J Solís
21 12 12
Canada K Lee
Canada T A Lindeman
13 21 21
Canada K Lee
Canada T A Lindeman
21 21
Guyana A Haynes
Guyana T Jeffrey
6 9
Canada K Lee
Canada T A Lindeman
21 21
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico R Morales
19 14
El Salvador J Duran
El Salvador J Orellana
5 14
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico R Morales
21 21
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico R Morales
21 21
El Salvador M Mejia
El Salvador K Suria
8 12
Section 2
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
4 Barbados S M Martin
Barbados G Robinson
Dominican Republic A Ortiz
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla
w / o
Ecuador A Baque
Ecuador J Huebla
Dominican Republic A Ortiz
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla
w / o
Dominican Republic A Ortiz
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla
9 12
United States V Chiu
United States J Yuan
21 21
Brazil J Matias
Brazil D Silva
21 13 15
United States V Chiu
United States J Yuan
19 21 21
United States V Chiu
United States J Yuan
21 21
Peru J Guevara
Peru D Mini
19 11
Peru J Guevara
Peru D Mini
21 21
Venezuela J Calanche
Venezuela M Quijada
11 5

Bottom half

Section 3
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
Dominican Republic D Acosta
Dominican Republic A Mariñez
16 15
Argentina N Oliva
Argentina S Otero
21 21
Argentina N Oliva
Argentina S Otero
7 21 17
United States E Asuncion
United States D H Averia
21 18 21
Brazil F Farias
Brazil D Silva
14 20
United States E Asuncion
United States D H Averia
21 22
United States E Asuncion
United States D H Averia
12 16
Canada A Dong
Canada N Yakura
21 21
Peru D la Torre
Peru D Tokumura
15 17
Canada A Dong
Canada N Yakura
21 21
Canada A Dong
Canada N Yakura
21 17 21
3 Guatemala R Castellanos
Guatemala C Martínez
18 21 17
Section 4
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
El Salvador V García
El Salvador C Rodriguez
22 18 23
Barbados D Forde
Barbados K King
20 21 21
El Salvador V García
El Salvador C Rodriguez
16 18
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky
Guyana N Ramdhani
21 21
Jamaica B Evans
Jamaica M Williams
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky
Guyana N Ramdhani
w / o
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky
Guyana N Ramdhani
14 7
2 Mexico J Castillo
Mexico L Montoya
21 21
Costa Rica M Castillo
Costa Rica G Cavallotti
11 12
Venezuela F Barrios
Venezuela W Barrios
21 21
Venezuela F Barrios
Venezuela W Barrios
15 9
2 Mexico J Castillo
Mexico L Montoya
21 21

Women's doubles

Seeds

  1. Canada Rachel Honderich / Kristen Tsai (champions)
  2. Canada Catherine Choi / Josephine Wu (final)
  3. Brazil Jaqueline Lima / Sâmia Lima (second round)
  4. Guatemala Diana Corleto / Nikté Sotomayor (second round)

Finals

Semi-finals Final
          
1 Canada Rachel Honderich
Canada Kristen Tsai
21 21
Brazil Sania Lima
Brazil Tamires Santos
11 15
1 Canada Rachel Honderich
Canada Kristen Tsai
21 21
2 Canada Catherine Choi
Canada Josephine Wu
17 18
United States Francesca Corbett
United States Allison Lee
18 13
2 Canada Catherine Choi
Canada Josephine Wu
21 21

Top half

Section 1
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
1 Canada R Honderich
Canada K Tsai
21 21
United States L Lam
United States K T Lee
9 10
1 Canada R Honderich
Canada K Tsai
21 21
Barbados M Riviera
Barbados T Williams
2 8
El Salvador G Barrios
El Salvador M Revelo
7 14
Barbados M Riviera
Barbados T Williams
21 21
Barbados M Riviera
Barbados T Williams
w / o
Barbados S Scott
Jamaica K Wynter
Section 2
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
4 Guatemala D Corleto
Guatemala N Sotomayor
21 8 12
Brazil S Lima
Brazil T Santos
19 21 21
Dominican Republic J Acosta
Dominican Republic D Acosta
10 8
Brazil S Lima
Brazil T Santos
21 21
Brazil S Lima
Brazil T Santos
21 21
Peru I Castillo
Peru P la Torre
9 17
Ecuador C Choez
Ecuador N Tapia
Peru I Castillo
Peru P la Torre
w / o
Peru I Castillo
Peru P la Torre
21 21
Mexico R Fregoso
Mexico M Rodríguez
16 12

Bottom half

Section 3
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
Peru N Miyahira
Peru F Saponara
21 11 21
Dominican Republic N A Jiménez
Dominican Republic C Pie
11 21 14
Peru N Miyahira
Peru F Saponara
21 21
El Salvador W Nayeli
El Salvador I Saldaña
7 6
Peru N Miyahira
Peru F Saponara
7 8
United States F Corbett
United States A Lee
21 21
Mexico H Gaitan
Mexico V García
12 11
United States F Corbett
United States A Lee
21 21
United States F Corbett
United States A Lee
21 21
3 Brazil J Lima
Brazil S Lima
12 13
Section 4
First round Second round Quarter-finals
               
Guatemala A Paiz
Guatemala M Paiz
21 21
Argentina I Gualdi
Argentina A Oliva
10 4
Guatemala A Paiz
Guatemala M Paiz
21 21
Venezuela D Mendoza
Venezuela D Ortiz
12 10
Guatemala A Paiz
Guatemala M Paiz
9 10
2 Canada C Choi
Canada J Wu
21 21
El Salvador F Centeno
El Salvador D Hernández
4 8
2 Canada C Choi
Canada J Wu
21 21

Mixed doubles

Seeds

  1. Brazil Fabricio Farias / Jaqueline Lima (quarter-finals)
  2. Guatemala Jonathan Solís / Diana Corleto (final)
  3. United States Vinson Chiu / Jennie Gai (Quarter finals)
  4. Canada Nicolas Nguyen / Alexandra Mocanu (quarter-finals)
  5. Guatemala Christopher Martínez / Mariana Paiz (second round)
  6. Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman / Josephine Wu (champions)
  7. Ecuador Andy Baque / Maria Delia Zambrano (withdrew)
  8. El Salvador José Orellana / Daniela Hernández (second round)

Finals

Semi-finals Final
          
Canada Nyl Yakura
Canada Crystal Lai
14 15
6 Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman
Canada Josephine Wu
21 21
6 Canada Ty Alexander Lindeman
Canada Josephine Wu
21 21
2 Guatemala Jonathan Solís
Guatemala Diana Corleto
12 11
Brazil Davi Silva
Brazil Sania Lima
12 18
2 Guatemala Jonathan Solís
Guatemala Diana Corleto
21 21

Top half

Section 1
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
1 Brazil F Farias
Brazil J Lima
21 17 21
Brazil D Silva
Brazil S Lima
18 21 19
1 Brazil F Farias
Brazil J Lima
21 21
Mexico R Morales
Mexico R Fregoso
8 7
Mexico R Morales
Mexico R Fregoso
21 21
Venezuela M Quijada
Venezuela T Sánchez
19 17
Venezuela M Quijada
Venezuela T Sánchez
21 21
Dominican Republic A Ortiz
Dominican Republic C Pie
8 13
1 Brazil F Farias
Brazil J Lima
19 16
Canada N Yakura
Canada C Lai
21 21
5 Guatemala C Martínez
Guatemala M Paiz
22 18
Canada N Yakura
Canada C Lai
24 21
Canada N Yakura
Canada C Lai
21 21
Peru D Tokumura
Peru F Saponara
11 10
Canada N Yakura
Canada C Lai
21 21
Colombia E Rodriguez
Colombia J Giraldo
5 9
Colombia E Rodriguez
Colombia J Giraldo
21 13 21
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla
Dominican Republic D Acosta
19 21 13
Costa Rica R Mora
Costa Rica C Zapata
9 16
Dominican Republic E Zorrilla
Dominican Republic D Acosta
21 21
Section 2
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
3 United States V Chiu
United States J Gai
21 21
El Salvador J Alas
El Salvador F Centeno
6 4
3 United States V Chiu
United States J Gai
21 21
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico M Rodríguez
11 17
Argentina S Otero
Argentina A Oliva
10 19
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico M Rodríguez
21 21
Mexico S Martínez
Mexico M Rodríguez
21 21
Dominican Republic A Mariñez
Dominican Republic N Jiménez
15 13
3 United States V Chiu
United States J Gai
24 17
6 Canada T A Lindeman
Canada J Wu
26 21
6 Canada T A Lindeman
Canada J Wu
21 21
Barbados K King
Barbados T Williams
8 12
Barbados K King
Barbados T Williams
w / o
Jamaica S Ricketts
Jamaica T Richardson
6 Canada T A Lindeman
Canada J Wu
21 21
Guyana N Ramdhani
Guyana P Ramdhani
11 9
Ecuador J Huebla
Ecuador N Tapia
Guyana N Ramdhani
Guyana P Ramdhani
w / o
Barbados G Robinson
Barbados M Riviera
17 17
Guyana N Ramdhani
Guyana P Ramdhani
21 21

Bottom half

Section 3
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
Trinidad and Tobago N Bonkowsky
Trinidad and Tobago C De Boulet
5 12
United States T Tan
United States E Shi
21 21
United States T Tan
United States E Shi
17 19
Peru D Mini
Peru P la Torre
21 21
Peru D Mini
Peru P la Torre
16 21 12
Brazil D Silva
Brazil S Lima
21 18 21
Venezuela F Barrios
Venezuela D Ortiz
6 11
Brazil D Silva
Brazil S Lima
21 21
Brazil D Silva
Brazil S Lima
21 21
8 El Salvador J Orellana
El Salvador D Hernández
5 5
Brazil D Silva
Brazil S Lima
21 21
4 Canada N Nguyen
Canada A Mocanu
13 12
Mexico G Saavedra
Mexico F Rio
21 21
Venezuela W Barrios
Venezuela D Mendoza
13 7
Mexico G Saavedra
Mexico F Rio
19 15
United States J Yuan
United States A Lee
21 21
United States J Yuan
United States A Lee
20 21 22
4 Canada N Nguyen
Canada A Mocanu
22 19 24
El Salvador J Duran
El Salvador M Revelo
w / o
Barbados S Martin
Barbados S Scott
El Salvador J Duran
El Salvador M Revelo
7 2
4 Canada N Nguyen
Canada A Mocanu
21 21
Section 4
First Round Second Round Third Round Quarter-finals
                    
Mexico A Martinez
Mexico Vanessa García
Peru D la Torre
Peru N Miyahira
w / o
Peru D la Torre
Peru N Miyahira
15 21 21
Peru J Guevara
Peru I Castillo
21 12 23
Peru J Guevara
Peru I Castillo
11 9
Canada A Dong
Canada E Zhang
21 21
Canada A Dong
Canada E Zhang
21 22 21
Brazil M Voigt
Brazil T Santos
11 24 14
Canada A Dong
Canada E Zhang
w / o
7 Ecuador A Baque
Ecuador M Zambrano
Canada A Dong
Canada E Zhang
21 18 14
2 Guatemala J Solís
Guatemala D Corleto
17 21 21
El Salvador E Suria
El Salvador W Nayeli
10 10
Argentina N Oliva
Argentina I Gualdi
21 21
Argentina N Oliva
Argentina I Gualdi
w / o
Dominican Republic D Acosta
Dominican Republic J Acosta
Argentina N Oliva
Argentina I Gualdi
14 8
2 Guatemala J Solís
Guatemala D Corleto
21 21
El Salvador M Calzadilla
El Salvador G Barrios
6 6
2 Guatemala J Solís
Guatemala D Corleto
21 21

References

  1. 1 2 "XXV Pan Am Individual Championships Prospectus" (PDF). Badminton Pan America. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  2. "World Ranking System" (PDF). Badminton World Federation. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
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