Millennium: 1st millennium BC
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
334 BC in various calendars
Gregorian calendar334 BC
CCCXXXIV BC
Ab urbe condita420
Ancient Egypt eraXXXI dynasty, 10
- PharaohDarius III of Persia, 3
Ancient Greek era111th Olympiad, year 3
Assyrian calendar4417
Balinese saka calendarN/A
Bengali calendar−926
Berber calendar617
Buddhist calendar211
Burmese calendar−971
Byzantine calendar5175–5176
Chinese calendar丙戌年 (Fire Dog)
2364 or 2157
     to 
丁亥年 (Fire Pig)
2365 or 2158
Coptic calendar−617 – −616
Discordian calendar833
Ethiopian calendar−341 – −340
Hebrew calendar3427–3428
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat−277 – −276
 - Shaka SamvatN/A
 - Kali Yuga2767–2768
Holocene calendar9667
Iranian calendar955 BP – 954 BP
Islamic calendar984 BH – 983 BH
Javanese calendarN/A
Julian calendarN/A
Korean calendar2000
Minguo calendar2245 before ROC
民前2245年
Nanakshahi calendar−1801
Thai solar calendar209–210
Tibetan calendar阳火狗年
(male Fire-Dog)
−207 or −588 or −1360
     to 
阴火猪年
(female Fire-Pig)
−206 or −587 or −1359
The Battle of the Granicus

Year 334 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caudinus and Calvinus (or, less frequently, year 420 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 334 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

By place

Persian Empire

  • The king of Caria, Pixodarus, dies and is succeeded by his son-in-law, Orontobates.
  • As the Persian satraps have gathered for a war council at Zeleia, Memnon argues that it is preferable for the Persians to avoid a pitched battle and adopt a scorched earth tactic. Arsites, the satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, will not allow his land to be burned and agrees with other satraps to reject this cautious advice.

Macedonia

  • King Alexander III of Macedonia crosses the Dardanelles, leaving Antipater, who has already faithfully served his father, Philip II, as his deputy in Greece with over 13,000 men. Alexander himself commands about 30,000 foot soldiers and over 5,000 cavalry, of whom nearly 14,000 are Macedonians and about 7,000 are allies sent by the Greek League.
  • May Alexander wins a major victory against the Persians commanded by the Greek mercenary Memnon of Rhodes, in the Battle of the Granicus near the Sea of Marmara. A large number of King Darius III's Greek mercenaries are massacred, but 2,000 survivors are sent back to Macedonia in chains.
  • Alexander accepts the surrender of the Persian provincial capital of Sardis (and its treasury) and proceeds down the Ionian coast.
  • At Halicarnassus, Alexander successfully undertakes the first of many sieges, eventually forcing his opponents, the mercenary captain Memnon of Rhodes and the Persian satrap of Caria, Orontobates, to withdraw by sea. Alexander leaves Caria in the hands of Ada, who was the ruler of Caria before being deposed by her brother-in-law, Pixodarus.
  • Alexander's victory exposes western Asia Minor to the Macedonians, and most of the cities in the region hasten to open their gates. The Ionian city of Miletus defies Alexander and he has to subdue it through a siege.

Italy

China

  • The rulers of Wei and Qi agree to recognize each other as kings, formalizing the independence of the Warring States and the powerlessness of the Zhou Dynasty.

Births

Deaths

References

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