Addition under construction, 2021

St. John's Terminal, also known as 550 Washington Street, is a building on Washington Street in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Designed by Edward A. Doughtery, it was built in 1934 by the New York Central Railroad as a terminus of the High Line, an elevated freight line along Manhattan's West Side used for transporting manufacturing-related goods.[1] The terminal could accommodate 227 train cars. The three floors, measuring 205,000 square feet (19,000 m2) each, were the largest in New York City at the time of their construction.

The building was used as a freight terminal until 1960, when the freight line was decommissioned. Afterward, the building was acquired by Eugene M. Grant and Lionel Bauman, who turned the structure into a warehouse and office building. The space was used by tenants such as banks Merrill Lynch & Co. and Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, the latter of which constructed a fourth story in 1966. The terminal was largely used by Merrill Lynch by the early 1990s. Afterward, St. John's Terminal was used for corporate real estate and offices.

Eugene Grant sold a majority ownership stake in the building to a joint venture of Atlas Capital Group, Fortress Investment Group, and Westbrook Partners in 2013. The developers initially planned a mixed-use development on the site, with residences, retail, and offices, using air rights purchased from the adjoining Pier 40. Though the plans were modified in response to community input, the plans stalled in 2017, and Oxford Properties and Canada Pension Plan bought the southern three-quarters of the site in early 2018. Oxford and CPP hired Cookfox to design an office redevelopment with nine additional stories above the original three floors. The building was purchased in 2021 by Google, which plans to occupy the building as part of a Hudson Square campus. As of 2021, the redevelopment is scheduled to be completed in 2023.

Rail terminal

St. John's Terminal was built by the New York Central Railroad as the southern terminus to the High Line, an elevated segment of the West Side Line on the west side of Manhattan. Prior to the development of the High Line, the West Side Line terminated at a ground-level structure at St. John's Park.[2] By the early 20th century, there were frequent collisions along the street-level route,[3] leading the New York Transit Commission to order in January 1929 that all grade crossings on the West Side Line be removed.[4] The street-level route was to be replaced with a viaduct as part of the West Side Improvement Project, which the Interstate Commerce Commission approved in December 1929.[5][6]

By early 1930, the NYCR was acquiring land for the elevated Spring Street freight terminal, which would replace the old ground-level St. John's Park terminal.[7] Plans for the new terminal were announced that July. The building was to measure 1,250 feet (380 m) long between Clarkson Street to the north and Spring Street to the south, and it would have an average width of 250 feet (76 m) between West Street to the west and Washington Street to the east. The terminal would replace eighty-eight existing tenements, which were already being demolished. Though plans for the above-ground section of the terminal had not been finalized, it was expected to be either four or seven stories tall based on subsurface conditions.[8][9] Preliminary designs for a 12-story structure, designed by Edward A. Doughtery, were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings in March 1931.[10][11] According to a later New York Times article, there were plans for the building to be 17 stories tall.[12] By that November, the site had largely been cleared.[13]

The NYCR had hoped to rent out the space on the higher floors for commercial purposes.[12] The structure would have contained 3.6 million square feet (330,000 m2) had it been built to that size. The plans called for tracks on the second floor, capable of accommodating 190 railcars, as well as loading docks at ground level. The work entailed closing off King, Charlton, and Spring Streets and a bridge over Houston Street.[14] In February 1932, the NYCR requested a $7.5 million loan to fund the West Side Improvement, including the new freight depot. Initially, $10 million would be spent to build a portion of the terminal to meet "current needs".[15] That November, revised plans were filed for a three-story building with a projected cost of $2.5 million. According to a contemporary New York Times article, the reduction of size was due to cost, as the original structure would have $12.5 million.[16] However, a later Times article cited opposition from brokers as a reason for reducing the building's height. The building would serve only the NYCR's own direct purposes as a rail terminal; the structure had pilings capable of handling a larger building should the situation change.[12]

The Spring Street Terminal and the elevated rail viaduct were dedicated on June 29, 1934, with ceremonies at the terminal building.[17][18] With the opening of the new terminal, the NYCR filed plans to abandon the nearby Franklin Street station, which was being used to make local deliveries.[19] The terminal quickly became known as St. John's Park Terminal because the old terminal had been so well known.[20] The building was noted for its unusually large floor areas compared to other Manhattan buildings, where properties are usually subdivided more narrowly.[21] The floors, measuring 205,000 square feet (19,000 m2) each, were the largest in New York City at the time of their construction. Each story could accommodate a load of 300 pounds per square foot (14 kPa).[22] The terminal itself was large enough to accommodate 227 train cars.[23][24] The third floor was leased in 1937 to the Borden Company, which used that space as a warehouse for refrigeration equipment.[25][26]

Warehouse and office building

550 Washington Street in 2018, with only the original three floors

Rail freight declined after World War II, affecting traffic on the West Side elevated freight line.[23] In 1960, the southernmost section of the line ceased operations and was demolished. St. John's Terminal was decommissioned for rail activity and changed into a warehouse instead.[27] The building was renovated with 750,000 square feet (70,000 m2) of offices.[28] Eugene M. Grant and Lionel Bauman purchased St. John's Terminal in 1960[22] or 1962.[29]

Among the first tenants of the St. John's Terminal Building was the Oberly & Newell Lithographic Corporation,[30] Other office tenants included McKenzie Service Inc., a bookbinding firm;[31][32] the Railway Express Agency;[33][34] and N. Erlanger Blumgart & Co., one of the oldest textile companies in New York City.[35] City Specialty Stores, a specialty store, occupied a warehouse facility on the entire third floor, renovating that story with a cafeteria, clinic, restrooms, and air-conditioning.[36] Additionally, a tennis club took up some space on the roof.[12] The tennis club's lease was arranged after broker William J. Hirschman, who was using a helicopter to look for suitable space, spotted the roof of St. John's Terminal.[37] The Manufacturers Hanover Corporation, a bank that also occupied space in the building, added a fourth story in 1966 to consolidate its investment operations. The additional floor spanned 135,000 square feet (12,500 m2).[22] During 1968, investment bank Merrill Lynch & Co. leased 125,000 square feet (11,600 m2) across the terminal.[38]

Grant and Bauman started to advertise St. John's Terminal as a cheap office location in the 1980s. The cheap office space attracted tenants such as Bloomberg L.P.[23] By 1991, Merrill Lynch occupied 700,000 square feet (65,000 m2) in St. John's Terminal and was negotiating to occupy another 300,000 square feet (28,000 m2) of space. By then, the building was called St. John's Center, and its floors were being marketed at $12 per square foot ($130/m2).[39]

Redevelopment

Canceled mixed-use plans

In January 2013, Grant sold his 50.1 percent controlling stake for $250 million to a joint venture of Atlas Capital Group, Fortress Investment Group, and Westbrook Partners.[40][41][42] That November, Atlas and the Hudson River Park Trust signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) in which Atlas would buy unused air rights above Pier 40, directly to the west. Atlas would use the air rights to redevelop the St. John's site over the following ten years, starting with the northern section of St. John's Terminal. The MOU was first publicized in May 2014.[43][44] News of the MOU generated much public and political opposition, especially from Manhattan elected officials, who objected that the MOU had been made secretly. This led to the cancellation of the MOU the next month.[45][46]

In September 2014, Atlas proposed purchasing 250,000 square feet (23,000 m2) of air rights from Pier 40. The air rights transfer would enable the addition of between 150 and 200 affordable housing units facing away from the river.[47][48] The project would also include condominiums and retail. The redevelopment would proceed in two phases because Bloomberg LP still occupied part of the terminal site.[47] In August 2015, Westbrook Partners bought a $200 million ownership stake, giving it majority control of the building.[49][50] The Hudson River Park Trust agreed that October to sell air rights above Pier 40.[51]

Cookfox announced plans for the St. John's Terminal site in November 2014. The northern end of the site would contain the largest residential building, a 430-foot-tall (130 m) tower with market-rate residences. There would also be 175 senior-housing units, 40,000 square feet (3,700 m2) of retail, and 105,000 square feet (9,800 m2) in the basement that could be used for big-box retail. The center of the site would contain a residential building with affordable and market-rate units, a residential building entirely composed of market-rate units, and a garden connecting the towers. At the south end of the site would be a 350-unit hotel and a mews. The former railroad loading platforms would be converted into a park similar to the High Line.[52][53] In total, the development would contain 1,586 units.[51] Some 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) of air rights from Pier 40, as well as 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of additional rights from an "upzoning", would be used to increase the floor area ratio from 5 to 8.7. Neighborhood groups, including the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, expressed concerns that the additional office space would make the development excessively large.[52]

A Uniform Land Use Review Procedure meeting was held in June 2016 to discuss the proposed air-rights transfer from Pier 40. At the meeting, residents of West Village and Hudson Square expressed concerns that the air-rights transfer could set a precedent for excessively large transfers for future projects.[54] These concerns were repeated at a meeting that August. Residents said the redevelopment could exacerbate traffic congestion and discussed whether St. John's Terminal needed a planned 772-space parking lot.[55][56] The developers altered the plans in October 2016, eliminating the elevated park and big-box retail space.[57][58] Following the revisions to the plans, Atlas and Westfield anticipated that the redevelopment could be delayed, leading to concerns that the Hudson River Park Trust might not receive money to repair Pier 40.[59][60] The New York City Council approved the transfer of air rights from Pier 40 in December 2016,[61][62] and Atlas and Westfield purchased the air rights for $100 million in May 2017.[63] In the meantime, the building was used as an event space, Skylight Clarkson Square and Skylight Clarkson North.[23] By late 2017, Brookfield Properties was discussing whether to join Atlas and Westfield in the project.[64][65]

Google campus

St. John's Terminal in 2022, with construction for Google still ongoing

Oxford Properties entered the joint venture for the project in October 2017.[66] The following January, Oxford paid Westfield and Atlas $700 million for the portion of the St. John's Terminal site south of Houston Street. Canada Pension Plan was the junior partner in the project, with a 40 percent stake in the development.[67][68][69] Deutsche Bank provided $400 million of financing for the acquisition.[67] That October, Cookfox Architects announced their designs for the redevelopment of the St. John's Terminal site, which called for a wholly commercial development. According to Oxford's U.S. development executive Dean Shapiro, the firm had planned a taller building but instead decided to create a low structure with large floor plates of 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2). The first and second floors would have ceilings of up to 28 feet (8.5 m), while a new glass annex would rise nine stories above the existing third floor, with ceiling heights of 16 feet (4.9 m).[70] According to renderings, the existing fourth story of the terminal would be removed to make way for the addition.[24][71] The overpass over Houston Street would be eliminated.[71] Three outdoor decks would be created on the redeveloped structure.[24]

Google began developing a new building at 345 and 315 Hudson Street to create a "Google Hudson Square" campus in 2018, along with the redevelopment of 550 Washington Street.[72] The redeveloped building would be 12 stories tall[21][73][74] and contain 120,000 square feet (11,000 m2) on each floor.[73] Work began in 2019 when the structure over Houston Street was demolished, as was the section of the terminal north of Houston Street. Prefabricated, modular slabs of precast concrete were constructed using bridge-construction methods. Two mechanical cores of 14 stories, each with emergency staircases and 14 elevator shafts connecting the roof to the basement, were also built. The precast structure contains a steel framing to stabilize the original terminal building, allowing the newer stories to be built without bracing. The prefabricated slabs and the steel frame were built using the same two cranes.[75] By early 2020, the slabs were being constructed. Oxford received a $973 million loan from Wells Fargo in February 2020,[76][77] and the new addition topped out that November.[78]

Google began leasing space in the completed parts of the campus in 2020–2021, although the company did not immediately move in due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2021, Google announced it was purchasing the 550 Washington Street building outright for approximately US$2.1 billion, using it as an additional corporate office.[79][80] This was comparable to the price of Google's $1.9 billion purchase of the Port Authority Building at 111 Eighth Avenue in Chelsea in 2010 and Google's $2.4 billion purchase of Chelsea Market in 2018.[81][82] New York is Google's second largest city by number of employees in its offices, behind only its main Mountain View, California, offices in Silicon Valley.[79] At the time, many office employees were continuing to work from home due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but Google officials expressed optimism that the office space would be filled when the renovation was completed.[83] Google finalized its acquisition of the building in April 2022.[84] As of 2021, the project is expected to be completed in mid-2023.[79]

See also

References

  1. ↑ R36 Coach (November 11, 2007), New York Central St. John's Park freight terminal, retrieved October 13, 2021{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ↑ "Lower West Side Landmark Passing". The New York Times. July 26, 1936. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 101743217.
  3. ↑ "'Death Ave.' Ends as Last Rusty Rail Goes; Huge West Side Improvement Completed" (PDF). The New York Times. June 26, 1941. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  4. ↑ "West Side Crossings Ordered Eliminated; Transit Commission Conditions Work on Agreement With New York Central on City Plan". The New York Times. February 21, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  5. ↑ "West Side Plan Wins Approval of I.C.C." The New York Times. December 12, 1929. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  6. ↑ "I. C. C. Approves N. Y. Central's West Side Plan: Decision Permits Immediate Relocation of Tracks, Elimination of Crossings". New York Herald Tribune. December 12, 1929. p. 48. ProQuest 1112014255.
  7. ↑ "New York Central Adds to Its Site for New Freight Station: Procures Several Parcels at West, Charlton Sis.; Part of West Side Improvement". New York Herald Tribune. May 25, 1930. p. K8. ProQuest 1113646659.
  8. ↑ "Central to Build Huge West Side Freight Depot". New York Herald Tribune. July 11, 1930. p. 3. ProQuest 1113647501.
  9. ↑ "N.y. Central Plans $15,000,000 Terminal on Lower West Side; Prepares to Start Foundation Work on 4-block Freight Depot This Fall". The New York Times. July 11, 1930. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  10. ↑ "Central Files Plan of $15,000,000 Depot; 12-story West Side Freight Terminal Expected to Be Completed in Year". The New York Times. March 10, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  11. ↑ "Plans Submitted; For $15,000,000 Freight Center: N. Y. Central to Start Work in Spring on Four-Block Terminal and Warehouse". New York Herald Tribune. March 10, 1931. p. 38. ProQuest 1114073489.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Friedman, Charles (December 27, 1964). "Huge Roof on Lower West Side To Be Used for Tennis Court". The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  13. ↑ "West Side Improvement Projects Advancing Rapidly". The New York Times. November 29, 1931. p. RE1. ISSN 0362-4331. ProQuest 99106685.
  14. ↑ "Huge Freight Depot to Be Started Soon; Central's New Freight Terminal to Cover Four West Side Blocks". The New York Times. November 27, 1931. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  15. ↑ "N.Y. Central to Ask Loan for West Side; $7,000,000 to Be Sought From Reconstruction Finance Corporation Today". The New York Times. February 25, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  16. ↑ "New Freight Depot to Be 3 Stories Only; Central Files Revised Plans for West Side Building, Cutting Cost to $2,500,000". The New York Times. November 17, 1932. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  17. ↑ "Mayor Dedicates West Side Project; 'Death to Death Av.' Is Toast to Terminal and Vast System of Tracks on West Side" (PDF). The New York Times. June 29, 1934. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Death Avenue' Exodus Starts At Dedication: St. John's Park Freight Terminal, Elevated Railroad to 35th St. Are Opened". New York Herald Tribune. June 29, 1934. p. 3. ProQuest 1329014923.
  19. ↑ "Freight Depot Plan Up.; Decision Reserved on Plea to Abandon Franklin St. Station". The New York Times. June 1, 1934. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  20. ↑ "NEW YORK'S LIFE-LINE". Railway History Home Page. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  21. 1 2 Morris, Sebastian (November 19, 2020). "Construction Tops Out on Google's St. John's Terminal Building in Hudson Square". New York YIMBY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  22. 1 2 3 "Bank Centralizes Inside Operations; Remote Units Are Merged by Manufacturers Hanover". The New York Times. March 27, 1966. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  23. 1 2 3 4 Rosenberg, Zoe (January 19, 2017). "In the old High Line terminus, an emblem of new New York". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  24. 1 2 3 Baird-Remba, Rebecca (October 2, 2018). "Oxford Properties Reveals Office Redevelopment of St John's Terminal". Commercial Observer. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Borden Leases Space in West Side Station; Will Centralize Distributing in 50,000 Square Feet". The New York Times. March 6, 1941. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  26. ↑ "Borden Leases Space in N. Y. Central Station: Dairy Concern Will Occupy. 50,000 Sq.Ft in St. John's Park Freight Terminal". New York Herald Tribune. March 9, 1941. p. D8. ProQuest 1249017227.
  27. ↑ "Freight Yard to Shut; Central Railroad Gets Permit on St. John's Station". The New York Times. January 30, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 11, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Manhattan Lofts Gaining Business; Rentals in Small Buildings Rise With Renovations". The New York Times. March 25, 1962. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Eugene M. Grant | St. John's Terminal". The Real Deal New York. April 4, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Space Is Leased at 340 West St.; Lithographic Concern Is 2d to Sign in Building -- Other Rentals Are Reported". The New York Times. November 7, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Big Space Taken by Book Finishers; 125,000 Square Feet Leased at St. John's Terminal -- Other Rental Deals". The New York Times. December 24, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Several Firms In Lease Deals". New York Herald Tribune. December 24, 1960. p. 15. ProQuest 1337944404.
  33. ↑ "Railway Express Gets New Space; International Division to Be at St. John's Terminal". The New York Times. November 3, 1961. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  34. ↑ "Railway Express Leases Space". New York Herald Tribune. November 4, 1961. p. 14. ProQuest 1327012007.
  35. ↑ "Textile Co. Takes Space In Terminal: Blumgart Leases 50,000 Square Feet". New York Herald Tribune. March 7, 1962. p. 28. ProQuest 1325842746.
  36. ↑ "Central Office Set for Apparel Chains". The New York Times. December 4, 1960. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  37. ↑ "Helicopter Used in Hunt for Space; Undaunted Broker Honored for Ingenious Transaction". The New York Times. January 22, 1965. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  38. ↑ Whitehouse, Franklin (November 20, 1968). "News of Realty: Ex-rail Space Let; Merrill Lynch Plans Offices in St. John's Building". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  39. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (January 20, 1991). "Commercial Property: The West Side Viaduct; Conrail Looking to a Revival of Its Freight Traffic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  40. ↑ Barbarino, Al (January 4, 2013). "Real Estate Tycoon Eugene Grant Sells Controlling Stake in the Behemoth St. John's Terminal Building". Commercial Observer. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  41. ↑ Katz, Rayna (January 3, 2013). "Grant Relinquishes 550 Washington Control". GlobeSt. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  42. ↑ "Tribeca Citizen | In the News: Big West Street Development". Tribeca Citizen. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  43. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (May 16, 2014). "Possible Deal May Bring Money to Repair Pier 40 in Manhattan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  44. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (November 12, 2014). "Pier 40 Air Rights Deal Could Mean Affordable Housing Nearby". Curbed. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  45. ↑ Budin, Jeremiah (June 9, 2014). "Pier 40's Secret $100 Million Air Rights Memorandum Is Dead". Curbed. Retrieved March 20, 2015.
  46. ↑ "'Expedited ULURP' now eyed for Pier 40 air-rights transfer". amNewYork. June 12, 2014. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  47. 1 2 Tcholakian, Danielle (November 12, 2014). "Notes Reveal What a Developer Wants to Do With Pier 40's Air Rights". DNAinfo New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  48. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (November 12, 2014). "Pier 40 Air Rights Deal Could Mean Affordable Housing Nearby". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  49. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (August 24, 2015). "Sprawling St. John's Terminal May Be Closer to Redevelopment". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  50. ↑ "Firm pays $200 million for majority stake in St. John's Terminal, eyes big redevelopment". Crain's New York Business. August 24, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  51. 1 2 "City, Hudson River Park Trust Strike $100M Air Rights Deal for Pier 40 - Hudson Square - New York". DNAinfo. October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  52. 1 2 Anderson, Lincoln (November 19, 2015). "Architect and developer try to build the case for St. John's project". amNewYork. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  53. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (November 20, 2015). "St. John's Terminal Redevelopment Gets First Renderings". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  54. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (June 7, 2016). "West Village Residents Still Hesitant Over Pier 40 Development Deal". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  55. ↑ Warerkar, Tanay (August 24, 2016). "St. John's Terminal redevelopment continues to elicit concerns". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  56. ↑ "Massive Development Across From Pier 40 Set for City Planning Hearing - Hudson Square - New York". DNAinfo. August 22, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  57. ↑ Tcholakian, Danielle (October 8, 2016). "St. John's Terminal Developers Outline Changes to Proposal". DNAinfo New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  58. ↑ Nonko, Emily (October 10, 2016). "St. John's Terminal plans change to reflect community's concerns". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  59. ↑ Tcholakian, Danielle (October 1, 2016). "St. John's Developers Considering Major Change to Plan, to Council Chagrin". DNAinfo New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  60. ↑ Walker, Ameena (November 2, 2016). "St. John's Terminal redevelopment may be postponed, developers say". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  61. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (December 15, 2016). "$100 Million Deal to Save Pier 40 in Manhattan Is Approved". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  62. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (December 15, 2016). "City Council approves $100M transfer of Pier 40 air rights". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  63. ↑ "Pier 40 air rights close at $100M". Real Estate Weekly. May 4, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  64. ↑ Rosenberg, Zoe (August 25, 2017). "St. John's Terminal project might have nabbed another major player". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  65. ↑ Maurer, Mark (August 25, 2017). "Brookfield in talks to join St. John's Terminal project: sources". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  66. ↑ "Oxford Properties enters joint venture for St. John's Terminal project". Real Estate Weekly. September 7, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  67. 1 2 Maurer, Mark (January 31, 2018). "Canada Pension Plan joins Oxford on St. John's Terminal megaproject". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  68. ↑ Kim, Betsy (January 1, 2018). "Oxford and CPPIB Acquire South Portion of St. John's Terminal for $700 Million". GlobeSt. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  69. ↑ "Canadian funds pay $700M for St. John's Terminal". Real Estate Weekly. January 31, 2018. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  70. ↑ Bockmann, Rich (October 2, 2018). "Oxford Properties reveals design for St. John's Terminal redevelopment". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  71. 1 2 Warerkar, Tanay (October 2, 2018). "First look at St. John's Terminal's transformation into 'green' office complex". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  72. ↑ Morris, Sebastian (December 18, 2018). "Google's Billion-Dollar New York Campus Expansion Lands in Hudson Square, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  73. 1 2 Warerkar, Tanay (October 2, 2018). "First look at St. John's Terminal's transformation into 'green' office complex". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  74. ↑ "550 Washington Street Redevelopment, New York City Copy". view.ceros.com. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  75. ↑ Stabile, Tom (September 14, 2020). "$1B NYC Google Hub Project Takes Cues From Bridge Building". Engineering News-Record. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  76. ↑ Varnham O’Regan, Sylvia (February 27, 2020). "Google Office at St. John's Terminal Gets Construction Loan". The Real Deal New York. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  77. ↑ Cunningham, Cathy (February 26, 2020). "Wells Fargo Leading $973M Financing for St. John's Terminal". Commercial Observer. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  78. ↑ "Oxford tops out Google's new digs at St John's Terminal". Real Estate Weekly. November 17, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  79. 1 2 3 Haag, Matthew; Hong, Nicole (September 21, 2021). "Google to Spend $2.1 Billion on Manhattan Office Building". The New York Times. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
  80. ↑ Putzier, Konrad (September 21, 2021). "WSJ News Exclusive | Google to Buy New York City Office Building for $2.1 Billion". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved October 13, 2021.
  81. ↑ Bagli, Charles V. (December 2, 2010). "Google Signs Deal To Buy Manhattan Office Building". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2010.
  82. ↑ Rubin, Ben Fox. "Google buys New York's Chelsea Market for $2.4 billion". CNET. Retrieved December 19, 2018.
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  84. ↑ "Oxford Properties Completes $2.1B Sale of St. John's Terminal to Google in Hudson Square, Manhattan". New York YIMBY. April 24, 2022. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
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