ACSS2
Identifiers
Aliases	ACSS2, ACAS2, ACS, ACSA, dJ1161H23.1, acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2, Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase 2, Acetyl-Coenzyme A Synthetase, Cytoplasmic, ACECS1, ACECS
External IDs	OMIM: 605832 MGI: 1890410 HomoloGene: 6469 GeneCards: ACSS2
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 20 (human)[1] Band 20q11.22 Start 34,872,146 bp[1] End 34,927,962 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 H1 Start 155,359,868 bp[2] End 155,427,644 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in rectum gastric mucosa tibialis anterior muscle right lung gastrocnemius muscle pancreatic ductal cell upper lobe of left lung body of stomach subcutaneous adipose tissue left ventricle Top expressed in brown adipose tissue left lobe of liver olfactory epithelium left colon proximal tubule kidney interventricular septum soleus muscle digastric muscle Paneth cell More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding ligase activity AMP binding catalytic activity ATP binding acetate-CoA ligase activity Cellular component intracellular membrane-bounded organelle nucleoplasm cytoplasm cytosol mitochondrial matrix Biological process metabolism lipid biosynthetic process acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process from acetate acetyl-CoA biosynthetic process acetate biosynthetic process propionate biosynthetic process ethanol oxidation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 55902 60525 Ensembl ENSG00000131069 ENSMUSG00000027605 UniProt Q9NR19 Q9QXG4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001076552 NM_001242393 NM_018677 NM_139274 NM_019811 RefSeq (protein) NP_001070020 NP_001229322 NP_061147 NP_062785 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 34.87 – 34.93 Mb Chr 2: 155.36 – 155.43 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Acyl-coenzyme A synthetase short-chain family member 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACSS2 gene.^[5][6]

Function

This gene encodes a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of acetate for use in lipid synthesis and energy generation. The protein acts as a monomer and produces acetyl-CoA from acetate in a reaction that requires ATP. It is also essential for the production of Crotonyl-CoA which activates its target genes by crotonylation of histone tails. Expression of this gene is regulated by sterol regulatory element-binding proteins, transcription factors that activate genes required for the synthesis of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[6]

Metabolic production of acetyl-CoA is linked to histone acetylation and gene regulation. In mouse neurons, Mews et al.^[7] identified a major role for the ACSS2 pathway to regulate histone acetylation and neuronal gene expression. Histone acetylation in mature neurons is associated strongly with memory formation. Chromatin becomes acetylated in specific regions of the brain, such as the hippocampus, in response to neuronal activity or behavioral training in rodent.^[8] Such acetylation correlates with the increased expression of a set of 'immediate early' genes,^[9] which encode proteins that broadly mediate changes in the strength of connections between neurons, therefore facilitating memory consolidation.^[10] In the mouse hippocampus, ACSS2 binds directly to immediate early genes to 'fuel' local histone acetylation and, in turn, their induction for long-term spatial memory.

References

11. Sabari BR, Tang Z, Huang H, Yong-Gonzalez V, Molina H, Kong HE, Dai L, Shimada M, Cross JR, Zhao Y, Roeder RG, Allis CD(2015). Intracellular crotonyl-CoA stimulates transcription through p300-catalyzed histone crotonylation. Mol Cell. 58(2):203-15

External links

• Human ACSS2 genome location and ACSS2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

Further reading