AK2
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesAK2, ADK2, AK 2, adenylate kinase 2
External IDsOMIM: 103020 MGI: 87978 HomoloGene: 1227 GeneCards: AK2
EC number2.7.4.3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

204

11637

Ensembl

ENSG00000004455

ENSMUSG00000028792

UniProt

P54819

Q9WTP6

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001033966
NM_016895

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001029138
NP_058591

Location (UCSC)Chr 1: 33.01 – 33.08 MbChr 4: 128.89 – 128.91 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Adenylate kinase 2 is an enzyme that is encoded in humans by the AK2 gene.[5][6][7] The AK2 protein is found in the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion.[8][9]

Function

Adenylate kinases are involved in regulating the adenine nucleotide composition within a cell by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups among adenine nucleotides. Three isozymes of adenylate kinase, namely 1, 2, and 3, have been identified in vertebrates; this gene encodes isozyme 2. Expression of these isozymes is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Isozyme 2 is localized in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and may play a role in apoptosis. Two transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene.[7]

AK2 deficiency

Adenylate Kinase 2 (AK2) deficiency in humans causes hematopoietic defects associated with sensorineural deafness.[10][11] Reticular dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive form of human combined immunodeficiency. It is also characterized by an impaired lymphoid maturation and early differentiation arrest in the myeloid lineage. AK2 deficiency results in absent or a large decrease in the expression of proteins. AK2 is specifically expressed in the stria vascularis of the inner ear which indicates why individuals with an AK2 deficiency will have sensorineural deafness.[11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000004455 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028792 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Lee Y, Kim JW, Lee IA, Kang HB, Choe YK, Lee HG, Lim JS, Kim HJ, Park C, Choe IS (Feb 1997). "Cloning and characterization of cDNA for human adenylate kinase 2A". Biochem Mol Biol Int. 39 (4): 833–42. doi:10.1080/15216549600201931. PMID 8843353. S2CID 20344485.
  6. ↑ Carritt B, King J, Welch HM (Mar 1983). "Gene order and localization of enzyme loci on the short arm of chromosome 1". Ann Hum Genet. 46 (Pt 4): 329–35. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1982.tb01583.x. PMID 6961883. S2CID 30856048.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: AK2 adenylate kinase 2".
  8. ↑ Bruns GA, Regina VM (1977). "Adenylate kinase 2, a mitochondrial enzyme". Biochem. Genet. 15 (5–6): 477–86. doi:10.1007/BF00520192. PMID 195572. S2CID 21214450.
  9. ↑ Köhler C, Gahm A, Noma T, et al. (1999). "Release of adenylate kinase 2 from the mitochondrial intermembrane space during apoptosis". FEBS Lett. 447 (1): 10–2. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)00251-3. PMID 10218571. S2CID 21280401.
  10. ↑ Pannicke U, Hönig M, Hess I, et al. (January 2009). "Reticular dysgenesis (aleukocytosis) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2". Nat. Genet. 41 (1): 101–105. doi:10.1038/ng.265. PMID 19043417. S2CID 205347130.
  11. 1 2 Lagresle-Peyrou C, Six EM, Picard C, et al. (January 2009). "Human adenylate kinase 2 deficiency causes a profound haematopoietic defect associated with sensorineural deafness". Nat. Genet. 41 (1): 106–11. doi:10.1038/ng.278. PMC 2612090. PMID 19043416.

Further reading


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