Abdoulaye Miskine
Born (1965-10-05) October 5, 1965
Ndinaba, Moyen-Chari, Chad
Military career
AllegianceCentral African Armed Forces
Years of service?–2003
Military career
AllegianceDemocratic Front of the Central African People
Years of service2004–2019

Abdoulaye Miskine (born 5 October 1965) is a Chadian-Central African warlord and a former Central African Armed Forces officer who served under Patasse Government. He was the leader of Democratic Front of the Central African People.

Early life

Miskine was born on 5 October 1965 in Ndinaba, Chad with the original name of Martin Koutamadji. His father was Chadian and his mother was Central African. He was raised in Central African Republic by his mother since his father died when he was a child. At the age of 18 years old, he moved to Nigeria and converted to Islam under the name of Miskine.[1]

Military career

He joined Central African Armed Forces in an unknown year. After a failed coup attempt in 2001, Patasse put Miskine in charge of leading a special militia unit consisting of 300 Chadian mercenaries due distrust with Bozize and the refusal of Idriss Déby to send reinforcements. Patasse tasked Miskine to fight zaraguina (road bandits) as well as armed oppositions around the CAR-Chadian Border and protect the president. Miskine established his base in Kabo and fought against the Pro-Bozize militia. By late November 2002, his forces troops increased from 300 to 600.[2][1]

Miskine's special forces were accused of human right abuses. His forces were responsible for killing of 180 Chadians and robbing cattle breeders.[3][1] Moreover, Miskine's militia was blamed for PK 13 Cattle Market massacre in Bangui on 31 October 2002.[4][1]

On 2 October 2002, Chad and Central African Republic signed final communiqué of the Libreville Accords to restore the diplomatic relations between the two countries. One of the agreements called Miskine's and Bozize's expulsion from the Central African Republic and Chad, respectively.[3] Miskine left Central African Republic for Togo on 5 November 2002. Before he left CAR, Patasse decorated Miskine with commander insignia of the Central African Order of Merit.[5]

In January 2012, Miskine allied with the Central African Armed Forces and Chad National Army in fighting against Baba Laddé.[6]

Rebellion

As Bozize rose to power, Miskine founded the Democratic Front of the Central African People on 14 June 2004 to topple Francois Bozize from power.[7]

In 2007, he signed a peace agreement between rebels and the government in Sirte, Libya, under the mediation of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. Miskine soon returned to Central African Republic. Nevertheless, he fled to Libya after realizing that the government did not provide the facilities he wanted. On 15 July 2007, the government announced that Miskine was given a position as a presidential advisor. However, he declined that position because he claimed that the government did not execute the promises under the peace agreement.[8]

In February 2009, Miskine resumed the insurrection by attacking the gendarmerie garrison in Batangafo.[9][10] On 3 July 2009, he signed the act of adherence to the Global Peace Agreement in Tripoli under pressure from Gaddafi. However, he broke the act because the government arrested two members of the Democratic Front of the Central African People in Bangui.[11] Nevertheless, Bozize appointed Miskine as a presidential advisor in charge of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration on 13 January 2011.[12]

In the fall of 2012, he joined Seleka to overthrow Bozize. Just before Battle of Bangui began, the Democratic Front of the Central African People left Seleka. Soon after, on 2–4 April 2013, the Democratic Front of the Central African People clashed with Seleka and Miskine wounded. In September 2013, Miskine joined the pro-Bozize group, Front pour la restauration de l’ordre constitutionnel en Centrafrique.[13]

Miskine was arrested in Bertoua, Cameroon on 16 September 2013 on the allegation that he might use Cameroon as a base for cross border raid. Subsequently, he was transferred to Yaounde and put into the custody of special police service.[14] Cameroon released Miskine on 27 November 2014 in exchange of 26 hostages, including a Polish Catholic priest, who were abducted by Democratic Front of the Central African People. Subsequently, he flew Brazzaville with Denis Sassou-Nguesso's private plane and was welcomed by Congolese Minister of Interior, Raymond Mboulou, when he arrived.[15] In Brazzaville, he signed an accord to participate in the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program on 1 June 2017.[16]

In February 2019, he signed the peace agreement in Khartoum and the government offered Miskine as Minister of the Modernization of the Administration and Innovation of the Public Services. However, he refused to accept the position and only wanted to accept a job position as a senior military officer.[17] In June 2019, he returned to Central African Republic after five years of staying in Brazzaville and went to Am Dafok. In Am Dafok, he threatened to overthrow Faustin-Archange Touadéra. Miskine tried recruiting fighters to fight against the government.[18] Responding to the Miskine's threat, Bangui issued arrest warrant to Miskine on 3 August.[19]

Arrest and trial

On 14 October 2019, an inter-rebel clash between Popular Front for the Rebirth of Central African Republic and Movement of Central African Liberators for Justice broke up in Am Dafok and it led Miskine to flee to Tissi and Chad.[18][20] As he arrived in Harare Mangueigne, Chad, the Chadian authorities arrested Abdoulaye Miskine in November 2019. He was brought to N'djamena and placed under the custody of the National Security Agency.[21] Responding to the arrest, the Central African government issued the extradition of Abdoulaye Miskine and N'djamena refused Bangui's demand.[22]

Miskine's legal process begin in 2020. He was accused of rape and fomenting rebellion.[23] As of 2022, he was jailed in Klessoum Prison and Miskine began his trial on 29 July 2022.[24][25]

Sanctions

In 2014, the US imposed sanctions on five Central African Republic prominent figures and Miskine was included.[26] The UN imposed sanctions on Abdoulaye Miskine in 2020.[27]

Award

  • , Commander Order of Central African Merit - 2002

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bradshaw, Richard; Rius, Juan Fandos (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic (Historical Dictionaries of Africa). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 382.
  2. ↑ International Federation for Human Rights (February 2003). War crimes in the Central African Republic: "When the elephants fight, the grass suffers" (Report). International Federation for Human Rights. pp. 36–37.
  3. 1 2 International Federation for Human Rights (February 2003). War crimes in the Central African Republic: "When the elephants fight, the grass suffers" (Report). p. 37.
  4. ↑ International Federation for Human Rights (February 2003). War crimes in the Central African Republic: "When the elephants fight, the grass suffers" (Report). p. 42.
  5. ↑ International Federation for Human Rights (February 2003). War crimes in the Central African Republic: "When the elephants fight, the grass suffers" (Report). p. 6.
  6. ↑ International Federation for Human Rights (June 2014). Central African Republic: "They must all leave or die." (PDF) (Report). International Federation for Human Rights. p. 65.
  7. ↑ "Centrafrique:Entretien Exclusif du Général Abdoulaye Miskine". corbeaunews-centrafrique. Afrique News Info. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
  8. ↑ Amnesty International (September 2007). Central African Republic: Civilians in peril in the wild north (PDF) (Report). pp. 5–6.
  9. ↑ "Central African Republic faces resumed attacks since new gov't formed". businessghana.com. Business Ghana. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  10. ↑ Ngoupana, Paul-Marin. "CAR rebels attack police post, steal kit - officer". reuters.com. Reuters. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  11. ↑ International Crisis Group (January 2010). Central African Republic: Keeping the Dialogue Alive (PDF) (Report). p. 11.
  12. ↑ "Bozizé nomme de nouveaux conseillers du DDR". radiondekeluka.org. Radio Ndeke Luka. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  13. ↑ International Federation for Human Rights (June 2014). Central African Republic: "They must all leave or die." (PDF) (Report). p. 64.
  14. ↑ "Cameroon security arrests C. African Rebel leader". herald.co.zw. The Herald. AFP. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  15. ↑ "Dispatches: VIP Treatment for Warlord Sends Wrong Message in CAR". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  16. ↑ Thierry Vircoulon (August 2017). Assessment of Conflict Dynamics in Mercy Corps’ Area of Intervention (Nana-Mambéré Prefecture) (PDF) (Report). Mercy Corps. p. 23.
  17. ↑ United Nations Security Council (30 July 2019). Letter dated 30 July 2019 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic extended pursuant to resolution 2454 (2019) addressed to the President of the Security Council (PDF) (Report). Mercy Corps. p. 56.
  18. 1 2 United Nations Security Council (30 July 2019). Letter dated 6 December 2019 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic extended pursuant to resolution 2454 (2019) addressed to the President of the Security Council (PDF) (Report). pp. 9–10. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  19. ↑ United Nations Security Council (30 July 2019). Letter dated 6 December 2019 from the Panel of Experts on the Central African Republic extended pursuant to resolution 2454 (2019) addressed to the President of the Security Council (PDF) (Report). p. 7.
  20. ↑ Corbeaunews, Corbeaunews. "Nouvelle débâcle du FPRC à Amdafock, Abdoulaye Miskine pris entre les deux feux". corbeaunews-centrafrique. Corbeaunews Centrafrique. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  21. ↑ "Centrafrique : Bangui réclame l'extradition du chef de guerre Abdoulaye Miskine, arrêté au Tchad". jeuneafrique.com. Jeune Afrique. AFP. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  22. ↑ "RCA-Tchad: Abdoulaye Miskine ne sera pas extradé en République centrafricaine". radiondekeluka.org. Radio Ndeke Luka. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  23. ↑ Nako, Madjiasra. "Tchad: le chef rebelle Miskine a été présenté à un juge d'instruction". rfi.fr. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  24. ↑ Kibangula, Aurélie Bazzara. "Tchad: le rebelle centrafricain Abdoulaye Miskine restera en prison le temps de son procès". rfi.fr. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  25. ↑ Kibangula, Aurélie Bazzara. "Le chef rebelle centrafricain Abdoulaye Miskine devant la justice tchadienne". rfi.fr. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  26. ↑ Rampton, Roberta. Cooney, Peter (ed.). "U.S. slaps sanctions on five Central African Republic officials tied to violence". Reuters. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  27. ↑ "UN imposes sanctions on Central African Republic rebel leader". Aljazeera.com. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
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