Sultan Abdulrahman Garad Deria
سلطان عبد الرحمن جراد ديريه
1st Sultan & 5th leader of the Habr Awal
Reign1940s–1970s
PredecessorGaraad Deria Abdalla
SuccessorCabdirizaq Abdulrahman
Born1910[1]
DiedEarly 1970s
ReligionSunni Islam

Abdulrahman Garad Deria (Somali: Suldaan Cabdiraxmaan Garaad Diiriye; 1910 – early 1970s) was the Sultan of the Habr Awal Isaaq clan and second Habr Awal leader to adopt the Sultan title rather than Garaad.[2] An influential figure that was heavily involved in advocating for the people of British Somaliland and their rights.[3]

Background

Hailing from the Ahmed Abdalla branch of the Habr Awal Saad Musa, Abdulrahman was crowned Sultan after his father Sultan Dirriye's death.[4] Sultan Abdulrahman was very much like his father filling the role of a peacemaker, however he was much more active in protectorate affairs.[5]

Issa Musa split

During his reign the Issa Musa would split and crown their own Sultan although continuing to recognize Abdulrahman as their ultimate authority of the Habr Awal. When the Eidagale attempted to raid the Issa Musa, a son of the Habr Yunis Sultan joined the raid and when the raiders were pursued he was killed. The Sultan of the Habr Yunis approached Abdulrahman to resolve the dispute and wanted him to compel the Issa Musa to pay mag for the Sultan's son. According to traditional Somali xeer restitution is not paid when one is killed in self defense. So the Issa Musa refused and banged their shields in disproval of Abdulrahman's judgement.[6]

Cismaan Haariyey a poet stood and recited the following geeraar reaffirming his respect but disagreeing with Sultan Abdulrahman. After this the Issa Musa would leave and go on to crown their first Sultan, Sultan Koshin in 1949 marking their independence from their larger Saad Musa brethren.[7]

Haud Delegation

In the year 1955, Sultan Abdulrahman Deria was a member of a 4 delegation team of politicians and Sultans to London, United Kingdom. Their goal was to petition and pressure the British Government in returning lost treaty territory known as the 'Haud Reserve Area' ceded to Ethiopian Empire during the Anglo Ethiopian treaty of 1954.[9]

Sultans Abdulrahman Deria and Abdillahi Deria in London, 1955

In Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960, Historian Jama Mohamed writes:

The N.U.F. campaigned for the return of the territories both in Somaliland and abroad. In March 1955, for instance, a delegation consisting of Michael Mariano, Abokor Haji Farah and Abdi Dahir went to Mogadisho to win the support and co-operation of the nationalist groups in Somalia. And in February and May 1955 another delegation consisting of two traditional Sultans (Sultan Abdillahi Sultan Deria, and Sultan Abdulrahman Sultan Deria), and two Western-educated moderate politicians (Michael Mariano, Abdirahman Ali Mohamed Dubeh) visited London and New York. During their tour of London, they formally met and discussed the issue with the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Alan Lennox-Boyd. They told Lennox-Boyd about the 1885 Anglo-Somali treaties. Under the agreements, Michael Mariano stated, the British Government 'undertook never to cede, sell, mortgage or otherwise give for occupation, save to the British Government, any portion of the territory inhabited by them or being under their control'. But now the Somali people 'have heard that their land was being given to Ethiopia under an Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty of 1897'. That treaty, however, was 'in conflict' with the Anglo-Somali treaties 'which took precedence in time' over the 1897 Anglo-Ethiopian Treaty[.] The British Government had 'exceeded its powers when it concluded the 1897 Treaty and ... the 1897 Treaty was not binding on the tribes.' Sultan Abdillahi also added that the 1954 agreement was a 'great shock to the Somali people' since they had not been told about the negotiations, and since the British Government had been administering the area since 1941. The delegates requested, as Sultan Abdulrahman put it, the postponement of the implementation of the agreement to 'grant the delegation time to put up their case' in Parliament and in international organizations.[10]

Post-independence and death

Following the end of British Somaliland and subsequent unification in 1960. Sultan Abdulrahman would later be arrested and targeted by Somali authorities in 1965 alongside other leading Habr Awal figures after being accused of supporting Ethiopian Habr Awals in clan clashes. The SNA was deployed across the border and against sections of the clan, before the Ethiopian Army intervened and repulsed them. There was mass movement by the Habr Awal against this motion and in defense of their Sultan who was eventually released.[11] Abdulrahman would later die in his early 60s and was succeeded by his son Sultan Cabdillahi.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "1955 PRESS PHOTO ETHIOPIA SULTAN ABDARAHMAN AND SULTAN ABDILLAHI UNITED NATIONS". Historical Images Outlet. 1955.
  2. ↑ British and Foreign State Papers. H.M. Stationery Office. 1893.
  3. ↑ The State and Rural Transformation in Northern Somalia, 1884-1986. University of Wisconsin Press. 1989. p. 77. ISBN 9780299119942.
  4. ↑ Burton, Richard (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa (1st ed.). Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 53.
  5. ↑ Milman, Brock (2013). British Somaliland: An Administrative History, 1920-1960. Routledge. p. 79. ISBN 9780415717458.
  6. ↑ Orwin, Martin; Axmed, Rashiid (2009). War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda. Progressio. p. 206. ISBN 9781852873295.
  7. ↑ Orwin, Martin; Axmed, Rashiid (2009). War and Peace: An anthology of Somali literature Suugaanta Nabadda iyo Colaadda. Progressio. p. 206. ISBN 9781852873295.
  8. ↑ War and Peace: An Anthology of Somali literature, p.86
  9. ↑ Mohamed, Jama (2002). Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960. The English Historical Review.
  10. ↑ Mohamed, Jama (2002). Imperial Policies and Nationalism in The Decolonization of Somaliland, 1954-1960. The English Historical Review.
  11. ↑ Central Intelligence Agency, United States (1965). Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 171-175. Ohio State University.
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