George Orwell's 1949 dystopian political novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, has been adapted for the cinema, radio, television, theatre, opera and ballet.

Film adaptations

1984 (1956)

Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984)

  • The second feature-length adaptation, Nineteen Eighty-Four, was directed by Michael Radford and was released in 1984. It is a reasonably faithful adaptation of the novel and was critically acclaimed. Many of the film's scenes were shot on the actual dates mentioned in the novel. For example, the scene in which Winston Smith writes the date "April 4, 1984" in his diary was filmed on April 4, 1984. The film's soundtrack was performed by the band Eurythmics and a single from it, "Sexcrime (1984)", was a hit in several countries. The film contained Richard Burton's last performance.

Me and the Big Guy (1999)

Me and the Big Guy is a 1999 short film by Matt Nix that parodies Nineteen Eighty-Four.

1984 (2023)

In November 2022 it was announced that the feature-length adaptation by Finnish director Diana Ringo was filmed and will be released in 2023. The film is co-produced with Russia and is the first Russian language adaptation of the novel.[1][2][3] The film 1984 was released on 15 November 2023.

1984 (Unproduced Paul Greengrass project)

In March 2012 it was announced that a consortium of Hollywood production companies including Imagine Entertainment was set to reboot and make a new feature film based on the novel.[4][5] Reportedly the consortium secured rights from Orwell's estate. However, no further developments were revealed for some time. In November 2015, Paul Greengrass was attached to direct with Scott Rudin and Gina Rosenblum producing and James Graham writing the screenplay. Rudin and Greengrass had also previously worked together on Captain Phillips. Michael De Luca would oversee production of this version of 1984 film for the studio.[6]

In 2017, Graham began a rewrite of the film in response to the 2016 United States presidential election and Donald Trump's presidency, which had increased interest in the book. He claimed that the film would be released by 2019.[7][8]

In 2020, Graham confirmed that the project had been postponed after they had difficulty writing a script:

"Paul and I got very excited about it and then [we realized] it’s a difficult project. The book is just so bloody perfect, we started going: 'Let’s just pause for a second.' The world of surveillance and tech moves on so quickly, we just needed to have a broader view of it."[9]

Television adaptations

CBS's Studio One: 1984 (1953)

The first television version of Nineteen Eighty-Four appeared in CBS's Studio One series in 1953. In it American actor Eddie Albert played Winston Smith and Canadian Lorne Greene played O'Brien.[10]

Sunday Night Play: 1984 (1954)

The second television version was adapted by Nigel Kneale for the BBC as a Sunday-Night Play in 1954 featuring Peter Cushing as Smith, André Morell as O'Brien, Yvonne Mitchell as Julia and Donald Pleasence as Syme.

The World of George Orwell: 1984 (1965)

Kneale's 1954 adaptation was produced again by the BBC, with some modifications in 1965, directed by Christopher Morahan. Starring David Buck, Joseph O'Conor, Jane Merrow and Cyril Shaps, it was broadcast in BBC2's Theatre 625 anthology series as part of a season of Orwell adaptations sub-titled The World of George Orwell, on 28 November 1965. Long believed lost, on 12 September 2010 it was announced in the media that a copy had been located at the American Library of Congress, although an approximately seven-minute segment in the middle was damaged and irrecoverable from the NTSC videotape. It was found amongst a hoard of over 80 lost British television episodes dating from 1957 to 1970.

Radio adaptations

NBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)

The first radio broadcast of Nineteen Eighty-Four was a one-hour adaptation transmitted by the United States' NBC radio network at 9pm. on August 27, 1949 as number 55 in the series NBC University Theater, which adapted the world's great novels for broadcast; it starred David Niven as Smith.

NBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1953)

Another broadcast on the NBC radio network was made by The Theatre Guild on The Air on Sunday April 26, 1953 for The United States Steel Hour starring Richard Widmark as Smith, Marian Seldes as Julia and Alan Hewitt as O'Brien.[11]

MBN (Australia): Nineteen Eighty-Four (1955)

Vincent Price starred in an Australian radio adaptation produced on the Lux Radio Theatre by the Major Broadcasting Network in Sydney, Australia.[12]

BBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1965)

In the United Kingdom, the BBC Home Service produced a 90-minute version with Patrick Troughton as Smith and Sylvia Syms as Julia, first broadcast on October 11, 1965.

BBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1967)

A three-part adaptation by Stuart Evans broadcast on BBC Radio 4 8-22 November 1967, with Alan Wheatley as the Narrator, Gary Watson as Smith, Diana Olsson as Julia and Kevin Flood as O'Brien.[13]

Pacifica Radio: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1975)

Between January 2 and February 7, 1975, the book was read over the air in its entirety by blacklisted writer and Pacifica Radio host Charles Morgan and legendary voiceover artist June Foray, with bridge music and some sound effects.[14] On June 27, 2017, the original recordings were simultaneously rebroadcast in a 15-hour marathon over all five Pacifica-owned stations.[15][16]

BBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984)

As part of the Book at Bedtime series, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an abridged reading by Kenneth Haigh of the novel in fifteen parts from 02 January - 20 January 1984.[17]

BBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (2005)

In April and May 2005, BBC Radio 2 broadcast an abridged reading by Corin Redgrave of the novel in eight weekly parts.[18]

BBC: Nineteen Eighty-Four (2013)

As part of the 2013 The Real George Orwell season, BBC Radio 4 broadcast a two-part adaptation starring Christopher Eccleston as Smith, Pippa Nixon as Julia and Tim Pigott-Smith as O'Brien on February 10 and 17.

Audiobooks

In 2024 it was announced that Audible will release an audiobook of the novel featuring the voices of Andrew Garfield, Tom Hardy and an original score performed by a 60-piece orchestra.[19]

Theater adaptations

The novel has been adapted for the stage several times, including by playwrights Alan Lyddiard and Michael Gene Sullivan. In 1976, a theater version of 1984 was produced in Teatar &TD, from Zagreb, former Yugoslavia. The performance, which also included CCTV monitoring system, was adapted and directed by Nenad Puhovski. It created some political controversies, but was never banned.[20]

A 2013 adaptation by Robert Icke and Duncan MacMillan for the Headlong theater company, which took the novel's Newspeak appendix as its starting point, has toured the UK extensively, as well as played commercially in the West End. A Broadway production began previews 18 May and opened on 22 June 2017 at the Hudson Theatre[21] running until 8 October for 125 performances,[22] while an Australian production began a six-city limited tour from 13 May 2017.[23]

Theater composer Jonathan Larson began writing a musical adaptation of Nineteen Eighty-Four in 1982, as his first attempt at writing a full-length musical. Although the Orwell estate was reportedly interested, they ultimately denied him the rights due to the then-upcoming film adaptation. Instead, Larson focused on a similar dystopian musical titled Superbia, which used some of the cut songs from his 1984, although it also went unproduced. Songs from Superbia, including ones originally written for Larson's 1984, have been released over the years and are featured prominently in the 2021 autobiographical movie Tick, Tick... Boom!.[24][25]: 42–43 

Operatic adaptation

1984 (2005)

Big Brother by Frederic Guimont (inspired by a famous poster of Adolf Hitler's election in 1932)

The opera 1984 was composed by Lorin Maazel and directed by Robert Lepage. The libretto is by Tom Meehan, who worked on The Producers, and JD McClatchy, professor of poetry at Yale University. The opera premiered on 3 May 2005 at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.

Ballet adaptation

In 2015 Leeds-based Northern Ballet commissioned choreographer Jonathan Watkins to create a ballet version of the George Orwell novel.[26] In 2016 the ballet was filmed for television and streaming online by The Space[27] and it was broadcast on BBC Four on 28 February 2016.[28] Music for the production was by Alex Baranowski, sets & costume designs were by Simon Daw, and lighting was by Chris Davey[29] (which was nominated for a Knights of Theatre Award).[30]

Comic adaptations

  • 1984, incomplete unofficial webcomic by Canadian artist Frédéric Guimont (2007)[31]
  • 1984, adaptation and ilustrated by Fido Nesti.)[32][33][34]
  • 1984, adaptation and ilustrated by Xavier Coste, published by Sarbacane. (2021)[33][35]
  • 1984, adaptation and ilustrated by Frédéric Pontarolo, published by Michel Lafon (2021)[36]
  • 1984, adaptation by Sybille Titeux of La Croix (script) and Amazing Améziane (art), published by Rocher (2021)[33]

References

  1. ↑ "Вышел трейлер фильма «1984». Премьера — в апреле 2023" [The film trailer of "1984" has been released]. Afisha Weekend. 23 November 2022.
  2. ↑ Linar Gimashev (26 March 2023). "Появился второй трейлер фильма «1984» - первая экранизация на русском языке" [The second trailer of "1984" based on George Orwell's novel has been released - the first Russian-language film adaptation]. Plugged In.
  3. ↑ Yulia Danilchenko (5 December 2022). "Волгоградец Александр Обманов сыграл главную роль в экранизации «1984» Оруэлла" [Aleksandr Obmanov from Volgograd played the lead role in the film adaptation of Orwell's "1984"]. Komsomolskaya Pravda.
  4. ↑ "Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four forecast for Hollywood remake". The Guardian. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  5. ↑ "George Orwell's 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' film adaptation on horizon". The Telegraph. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  6. ↑ "Paul Greengrass Eyes George Orwell's '1984'; 'Finding Neverland's James Graham To Write Script". Deadline. 19 November 2015. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  7. ↑ "Trump hanging over it, the new 1984 film adaptation gets a rewrite". Independent. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-04-04. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  8. ↑ "In Trump Era, '1984' Is the Hottest Literary Property in Hollywood". The Hollywood Reporter. 3 April 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  9. ↑ Kanter, Jake (2020-02-28). "James Graham Adapting Rupert Murdoch Play 'Ink' With Bron; Parks '1984' Collaboration With Paul Greengrass". Deadline. Retrieved 2020-03-09.
  10. ↑ "The Bootleg Files: "1984″". Film Threat. 17 September 2004. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  11. ↑ "Those Were the Days". Nostalgia Digest. Vol. 41, no. 2. Spring 2015. pp. 32–41.
  12. ↑ "2UE: Lux Radio Theatre: Nineteen Eighty-Four (starring Vincent Price)". Sffaudio.com. 10 August 2013.
  13. ↑ "Search - BBC Programme Index".
  14. ↑ "1984 / by George Orwell; read by Charles Morgan and June Foray; produced by Paul Vangelisti. | Pacifica Radio Archives". Pacificaradioarchives.org.
  15. ↑ "1984 on KPFA". Kpfa.org. June 14, 2017.
  16. ↑ "Episodes". Kpfa.org. 3 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "Search - BBC Programme Index".
  18. ↑ "Search - BBC Programme Index".
  19. ↑ "Andrew Garfield & Tom Hardy to Star in 1984 Adaptation for Audible". MovieWeb.
  20. ↑ "sczg.hr - Teatar &TD". Itd.sczg.hr. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  21. ↑ Paulson, Michael (3 February 2017). "'1984,' the Hot Book of the Trump Era, Is Coming to Broadway". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  22. ↑ "1984 - About this production". IMDB.com. Retrieved 24 May 2022.
  23. ↑ Blake, Jason (4 May 2017). "1984: Learning to love Big Brother". Limelightmagazine.com.au. Retrieved 2017-06-27.
  24. ↑ "mtishows". Mtishows.com. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  25. ↑ Collis, J. (2018). Boho Days: The Wider Works of Jonathan Larson (First ed.). Outer Obscurity Publications. ISBN 9783000591136.
  26. ↑ "George Orwell's 1984 is not 'too dark' to be made into a ballet". The Independent. August 28, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-08-31.
  27. ↑ "It's 1984. But not as you remember it". The Space. April 8, 2016.
  28. ↑ "BBC Four - Northern Ballet: 1984". BBC.
  29. ↑ "1984 Creative Team". Northern Ballet.
  30. ↑ "Knight of Illumination Awards". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
  31. ↑ A. Galdon Rodriguez, George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four As An Influence On Popular Culture Works–V For Vendetta And 2024, UCLM
  32. ↑ Nicolas Turcev (2020-07-27). "Orwell en Pléiade et en BD". Livres Hebdo..
  33. 1 2 3 Yoann Debiais, Damien Canteau (4 January 2021). "1984". Comixtrip.
  34. ↑ Anne Douhaire (6 January 2021). "Bande dessinée : "1984", de George Orwell, trois regards sur une même œuvre". France Inter.
  35. ↑ Anne Douhaire (6 January 2021). "Bande dessinée : "1984", de George Orwell, trois regards sur une même œuvre". France Inter.
  36. ↑ Yoann Debiais (21 August 2021). "1984 de Frederic Pontarolo, George Orwell". Comixtrip.
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