Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands

Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands
Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands
Active	(1914-1920), (1939-1945)
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Navy
Type	Naval formation
Garrison/HQ	Lyness

The Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands^[1] was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. He was charged with the administration of the Orkney and Shetland Islands and operating and defending the fleet base at Scapa Flow that was the main anchorage for both the Home Fleet and Grand Fleet at various times.

History

An Admiral Commanding for the Orkneys and Shetlands was appointed twice, on the outbreak of war, to provide for the defence and administration of the main base for the Home Fleet. The Admiral Commanding was responsible, under the orders of the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet, for administration of naval defences, naval establishments, and shore duties generally in Orkney and Shetland.

During the First World War and the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow served under him, with a position similar to that of an Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port. Directly under his orders were the Northern Patrol, Shetlands Patrols, the Officer Commanding Troops Orkney, the Officer Commanding Troops Shetlands, the Admiralty Port Officer Kirkwall, the Rear-Admiral commanding the local minefields and the officers responsible for the extended defences, the local defence flotilla and the Orkney Trawler Patrols.^[2] He was responsible for the patrolling of the area from Wick to Cape Wrath.^[3]

Shore establishments included HMS Pyramus (shore establishment) at Kirkwall; HMS Proserpine (shore establishment) at Lyness; and HMS Fox (shore establishment) at Lerwick.^[4]

During the Second World War the Rear-Admiral, Scapa Flow continued to serve under him.

First World War

Included:^[5]

	Rank	Name	Term
Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland
1	Admiral	Sir Stanley Cecil James Colville	7 September 1914 – 19 January 1916
2	Admiral	Sir Frederic Edward Errington Brock	20 January 1916 – 11 March 1918
3	Admiral	Sir Herbert E. King-Hall	28 January 1918 – 1 March 1919
4	Vice-Admiral	Sir Robert John Prendergast	1 March 1919 – 9 January 1920

Subordinate commanders First World War

Source:^[5]

Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa

This officer's role was similar to that of Admiral Superintendent of a dockyard port.

	Rank	Name	Term
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
1	Rear-Admiral	Francis Miller	September 1914 – April, 1916 January 1916
2	Rear-Admiral	Robert Prendergast	May 1916 – September 1917 1918

Flag Officer Shetlands

	Rank	Flag	Name	Term
Flag Officer Shetlands
1	Rear-Admiral		Rear Admiral Clement Greatorex	October 1917

Naval units, First World War

Included:^[6]

Unit	Date	Notes
21st Minesweeper Flotilla	1918
Northern Patrol	1914–1918, 1939–1945	Operating within the Orkneys & Shetland Command under VAdm Comm NP
Scapa Local Defence Flotilla	1914-1918

Second World War

Watson lists the 6th M/S Flotilla 7.41-12.42, which may have been under direct command of the Home Fleet, and the 15th M/S Flotilla 4.42-2.44 [Bangors] operated under the orders of the Admiral Commanding. The Admiral's flag was flown aboard HMS Iron Duke in Scapa Flow.

The Northern Patrol was based within the Orkney and Shetlands area, but was not responsible to the Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetlands.^[7] Its ships were dispersed by 1941.

Admirals Commanding:

	Rank	Name	Term
Admiral Commanding Orkneys and Shetland
1	Vice-Admiral	Sir Wilfred Franklin French	July 1939 – 20 December 1939^[8]
2	Vice-Admiral	Sir Hugh Binney	20 December 1939 – 7 January 1942
3	Vice-Admiral	Sir Lionel Wells	7 January - October 1943
4	Vice-Admiral	Sir Henry Harwood	April 1944 - March 1945

Flag Officer, Scapa Flow/Rear-Admiral Scapa

	Rank	Flag	Name	Term
Flag Officer Scapa Flow/Rear Admiral Scapa
1	Rear-Admiral		Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)	1 September 1940 - March 1945^[9]

Admiral-superintendent Lyness

	Rank	Flag	Name	Term
Admiral Superintendent Lyness^[10]
1	Rear-Admiral		Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)	3 October 1940 - March 1945

Admiral-superintendent Orkney

	Rank	Flag	Name	Term
Admiral Superintendent Orkney
1	Rear-Admiral		Patrick Macnamara (rtd.)	1 May 1942 - March 1945

Notes

↑ Haarr 2013, p. 160.
↑ Grand Fleet Order 107.
↑ Grand Fleet Order 136.
↑ Watson. 2015
1 2 Watson 2015.
↑ Watson. 2015
↑ Watson 2015
↑ Haarr 2013, pp. 2–16.
↑ "Patrick Macnamara Life and Career Post War". dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project.Org, 13 June 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
↑ "Admiral Superintendent's Office, Lyness". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

References

Haarr, Geirr H. (2013). The Gathering Storm: The Naval War in Northern Europe September 1939 - April 1940. Seaforth Publishing. p. 160. ISBN 9781473832732.
Harley, Simon and Lovell Tony, Admiral Commanding, Orkneys and Shetlands (2015), http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org (main source for this article)
Watson, Graham (27 October 2015). "Organisation of the Royal Navy 1914 to 1918, The Home Commands World War One". naval-history.net. Naval History.Net. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1919-1939". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 2 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation in World War 2, 1939-1945". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 19 September 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
Watson, Graham. "Royal Navy Organisation and Ship Deployment, Inter-War Years 1914-1918". www.naval-history.net. Gordon Smith, 27 October 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2018.

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[FOOTNOTEHaarr2013160-1] Haarr 2013, p. 160.

[2] Grand Fleet Order 107.

[3] Grand Fleet Order 136.

[4] Watson. 2015

[FOOTNOTEWatson2015-5] 1 2 Watson 2015.

[6] Watson. 2015

[7] Watson 2015

[FOOTNOTEHaarr20132–16-8] Haarr 2013, pp. 2–16.

[9] "Patrick Macnamara Life and Career Post War". dreadnoughtproject.org. The Dreadnought Project.Org, 13 June 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

[10] "Admiral Superintendent's Office, Lyness". nationalarchives.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

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