Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover (Hebrew: אהרן שמואל קאידנוור; 1614 – December 1676) was a Polish-Lithuanian rabbi. Among his teachers were Jacob Hoeschel and his son Joshua Hoeschel (or Hescehel).

Biography

Kaidanover was born in 1614, in Vilna, according to Deutsch and Mannheimer (1904),[1] but according to Tamar (2007)[2] in Koidanovo, near Minsk, from whence his surname was taken.[lower-alpha 1] During the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1649), Kaidanover fled to Vilna[2] (or, possibly, returned there), where he became a member of the bet din. In 1656, as a result of the Russian-Swedish War and Sweden's invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, he was forced to flee once again, taking refuge in Kurów. While living at Kurów, violence visited the household: Kaidanover's home was pillaged by Cossacks, his possessions stolen, his valuable library and manuscripts among them, and his two young daughters were killed.[2]

He arrived in Moravia an impoverished fugitive. He was elected rabbi successively of Langenlois in Lower Austria, Nikolsburg, Glogau, Fürth, and Frankfurt am Main, and then returned to Poland in 1671 to become the rabbi of Kraków,[4] a position he held until his death on 1 December 1676, while attending the Vaad (council) HaGalil of Kraków that took place in Chmielnik.[4][5][lower-alpha 2]

Kaidenvoer was opposed to the use of Shulchan Aruch and its commentaries in deciding Jewish law and instead supported the use of Arba'ah Turim with commentary of the Beis Yosef, going so far as to tell (letter found in the responsa Nachlas Shiva) a rabbi to sell all of his books and buy himself a set of Arba'ah Turim.

Kaidanover's son Tzvi Hirsch Kaidanover, was a rabbi at Frankfurt and author of Kav ha-Yashar. He printed many of his father's works.[6]

Works

He wrote:

  • Birkat ha-Zebaḥ, annotations to the Talmudical tractates of Kodashim (except Hullin and Bekorot), with a preface in which he narrated the remarkable events of his life (edited by his son-in-law Nahum Kohen, brother of Shabbethai Kohen (ש"ך), Amsterdam, 1669; another edition, with the commentary Omer Man, appeared in 1773 [location of publication uncertain, but possibly Berlin]).
  • Birkat Shemuel, derashot on the Pentateuch, partly kabbalistic, with additions by his son Zebi Hirsch Kaidanover (often "Zevi" Hirsch Kaidanover), its editor (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1682)
  • Emunat Shemuel, sixty responsa on matrimonial cases, edited by his son (Frankfort, 1683)
  • Tiferet Shemuel, novellæ[lower-alpha 3] to various Talmudic tractates, also edited by his son (Frankfort, 1692). The annotations to Hoshen Mishpat contained in the last-named work were printed in Ture Zahav (Hamburg, 1692).

Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

  • Azulai (1876). Shem ha-Gedolim. Warsaw. Vol. i: 124b
  • Benjacob, Isaac ben Jacob (1880). Otzar ha-Sefarim, Thesaurus Librorum Hebræorum. ['Otzar ha-Sefarim, a treasury of Hebrew books']. Vilnius. pp. 41, 87, 88, 659
  • Emden, Jacob (1896). Megillat Sefer. Warsaw. p. 5
  • Fürst, Julius (1863). Bibliotheca Judaica, Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. Vol. I, p. 201; Vol. II, p. 200
  • Grätz, Heinrich (1853–1875). Gesch. Vol. X, p. 81; (Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart. ['History of the Jews from the most ancient times to the present']: 11 volumes. Leipzig: Leiner.)
  • Horovitz, Márkus (1882–1885). Frankfurter Rabbinen. ['Frankfurt rabbis']. Frankfurt am Main. Vol. ii: pp. 49–53, 99
  • Kaufmann, David (1889) Vertreibung der Juden aus Wien. ['Expulsion of the Jews from Vienna']. Vienna. p. 62, note 6
  • Michael, Heimann Joseph (1891). Or ha-Ḥayyim. Frankfort-on-the-Main. No. 317
  • Steinschneider, Moritz, (1852–1860). Catalogus librorum hebraeorum in Bibliotheca Bodleiana. Berlin. cols. 772, 886.

Notes

  1. ↑ In 1614, both Minsk and Vilna were Polish-Lithuanian. While giving Koidanovo as Aaron Samuel's birthplace, the 2007 Encyclopaedia Judaica also states that Kaidanover's son, Zevi Hirsch Kaidanover, was born in Vilna.[3]
  2. ↑ 1676, per Michael writing in 1891; however, Azulai (1876) and Horovitz (1882–1885) give 1679. Tamar (2007) also states 1676.
  3. ↑ Another term for chiddush, any new approach to, or interpretation of, established ideas or texts, especially venerated texts.[7]

Attribution

  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Deutsch, Gotthard; Mannheimer, S. (1904). "Kaidanover, Aaron Samuel Ben Israel". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 414.

References

  1. ↑ Deutsch & Mannheimer 1904.
  2. 1 2 3 Tamar, David (2007). "KOIDONOVER (Kaidanover), AARON SAMUEL BEN ISRAEL (c. 1614-1676)". In Fred Skolnik; Michael Berenbaum (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 12 KAT–LIE (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference – Thomson Gale; Keter Publishing House. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-02-865940-4.
  3. ↑ Eidelberg, Shlomo (2007). "KOIDONOVER (Kaidanover), ZEVI HIRSCH (d. 1712)". In Fred Skolnik; Michael Berenbaum (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 12 KAT–LIE (2nd ed.). MacMillan Reference – Thomson Gale; Keter Publishing House. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-02-865940-4.
  4. 1 2 Haim Nathan Dembitzer (1888–1893). Klilat Yofi. Kraków: Y. Fisher. Vol. II, 71a. OCLC 122773481.
  5. ↑ Gelbar, N. M. (1960). "History of Jews in Chmielnik". In Ephraim Shedletski (ed.). Memorial Book of Chmielnik (Poland: 50°38'; 20°45'); Yizkor Book of the Annihilated Jewish Community. Translated by Mark Froimowitz. Former residents of Chmielnik in Israel. Tel Aviv: Yizkor Book Project. pp. 73–90. Translated from the Yiddish: Pinkas Chmielnik. Yisker bukh noch der Khorev-Gevorener Yidisher Kehile.
  6. ↑ Public Domain Schechter, Solomon; Bamberger, Moses Löb (1904). "KAIDANOVER, ẒEBI HIRSCH". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 414.
  7. ↑
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