Al-Farooq
الفاروق
Arabic Calligraphic representation of Al-Farooq
PronunciationAl-Farooq
(Arabic: فاروق),
Farouk,
Faruqi,
Farook,
Faruk,
Faroeq,
Faruq,
Farouq,
Farooqi,
Farooqui,
Fārūq
GenderMale
Language(s)Arabic
Origin
MeaningThe one who distinguishes right from wrong.
Region of originArabia (Middle East)

Al-Farooq (Arabic: الفاروق, "distinguisher") is the title given to one who distinguishes right from wrong.[1] It was a well-known historical title of the second Caliph Umar.

Etymology

According to the Lisān al-'Arab (Arabic dictionary by Ibn Manẓūr) al-Farouq refers to making a distinction between two subjects, and is a person who distinguishes between right and wrong.[2] Al-Farooq is translated as "discriminator" by Gerald T. Elmore,[3] Richard F. Burton.[4] As, however, the morphophonology of the lexeme farūq is not Arabic, the word seems to be of Syro-Aramaic origin, e.g. pārōqā "Saviour" as for example pointed out by Robert M. Kerr.[5]

History

According to historical Sunni sources, Muhammad entitled Umar ibn al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[1] The son of Kahn Jahan, the minister of Muhammad bin Tughluq claimed Umar ibn al-Khattab got this title from the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[6] Also Umayyad caliph Sulayman called him discriminator (al-farooq)[7] It is mentioned in the History of Tabari, Taqabat ibn Sad, and Tahdhib "the people of the Book (Jews) were the first to call Umar 'al-Faaruq, we have never heard the Prophet make such reference."[8]

Among historical Shia sources, there is a hadith attributed to Prophet Muhammad in which he entitled Ali ibn Abi Talib as al-Farooq.[9] Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and Salman the Persian narrated some of this Hadithes [10] There are also some Shia sources that emphasized that the people of the book called Omar bin al-Khattab as al-Farooq.[9][11]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Mohammed Jabar (1 November 2014). Islam and the West: A Rational Perspective. Memoirs Publishing. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-1-86151-298-7.
  2. ↑ Ibn Manẓūr. Lisān al-'Arab. p. 303.
  3. ↑ Elmore, Gerald T. (1999). Islamic Sainthood in the Fullness of Time: Ibn Al-Arabi's Book of the Fabulous Gryphon. Brill Academic Pub; annotated edition. p. 283. ISBN 978-9004109919.
  4. ↑ Burton, Richard F. (December 2008). Arabian Nights. Cosimo Classics. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-60520-578-6.
  5. ↑ Kerr, Robert M. (December 2022). «Farüqter Heiland» et le Hajj original à Jérusalem. Quelques remarques sur le messianisme de l’islam naissant, in M. Groß and R. M. Kerr (eds.), Die Entstehung einer Weltreligion VI. Vom umayyadischen Christentum zum abbasidischen Islam. Schiler & Mücke. p. 458-507. ISBN 978-3-89930-389-6.
  6. ↑ "Sarkár of Dándes". Bibliotheca Indica. Baptist Mission Press. 61 (2). p. 226, footnote 4. 1891. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  7. ↑ Schroeder, Eric (January 2002). Muhammad's People: An Anthology of Muslim Civilization. Dover Publications. p. 231. ISBN 978-0-486-42502-3.
  8. ↑ Yar-Shater, Eshan, ed. (2015). The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23. The History of al-Tabari. Vol. 14. Translated by Smith, G Rex. SUNY Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-4384-2039-4.
  9. 1 2 Mesbah Yazdi, Mesbah Yazdi. quarter of arrogancزینهار از تکبر]. Vol. 1. p. 217.
  10. ↑ Ameli, jafar morteza. Ṣaḥīḥ of Biography of Imam Ali. Vol. 14. p. 156.
  11. ↑ Wheeler, Brannon (2002-06-18). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 358. ISBN 978-0-8264-4957-3.
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