Alice Beach Winter
Born
Alice Mary Beach

March 22, 1877
Green Ridge, Missouri, US
Died1968
Resting placeGloucester, Massachusetts, US
EducationSt. Louis School of Fine Arts
Notable workWhy Must I Work
SpouseCharles Allen Winter

Alice Beach Winter was an early 1900s socialist and suffragist artist. She specialized in child portraits, but also demonstrated her skill with landscapes in her majestic post-impressionistic views of the North-East United States. Beside her own exhibitions, she gained popularity through her works published in various socialist and suffrage periodicals.

Personal life

Early life and education

Alice Beach Winter, daughter of Edgar Rice and Frances White Beach was an American artist and activist born on March 22, 1877, in Green Ridge, Missouri.[1] She grew up in St. Louis, Missouri[2] attended the St. Louis School of Fine Arts where she studied alongside other well known artists like George de Forest Brush, Joseph DeCamp, and John Twachtman. These artists all inspired her future work and her love for painting portraits and landscapes.[1]

Along with her education, the unique environment and time-period that Winter grew up in influenced her desire to participate in the suffrage movement. During this post-Civil War period, Winter found community with other white, middle-class American women of the time such as Nina Allender, Blanche Ames, and Cornelia Barns. This group, through their individual drive and ambition, established a role for women that did not previously exist.[3]

Marriage

Alice met her husband in St. Louis, who was at the time one of her instructors.[2] She married Charles Allen Winter on January 4, 1904.[4][5] The ceremony took place in her home, surrounded by her many friends, and was performed by Rev. Michael Burnham of Pilgrim Congregational church.[5]

Her husband was an accomplished painter as well, that had works published in some of the same socialist and suffrage magazines like The Masses. His well known illustration, Joan, captured the symbol of freedom and feminism that Joan of Arc represented for people of the time.[6] Charles, similar to his wife, also painted many landscapes in addition to his political and social work. One of the main reasons Alice preferred to work with child portraits instead of landscapes at first was to not compete with her husband.[7]

She and her husband never had any children, but they did have several lodgers join them in their later years such as Louis Kronberg and Anna Hyde.[8] During some summers in Gloucester they also were joined various artist friends they had such as John Sloan, Robert Henri, Leon Kroll, A.T. Hibbard, W.L. Stevens, Jane Peterson, and William Glackens.[7]

Artists in East Gloucester, 1915. Alice Beach Winter, third from left, standing.

Later life

Alice spent the first few years of her married life in New York. She and her husband spent summers in Gloucester, MA from 1914 to 1922, at which point they established a permanent studio there.[4] In 1931, she and her husband became instrument teachers in the Cape Anne area in Massachusetts.[7]

During their life together, both Alice and Charles were fortunate enough to be able to dedicate almost all of their efforts to their art, thanks to lucrative contracts from various magazines throughout the East. Without the payment granted from these illustrations and cover designs, Alice would have never been able to achieve the range of skill she is now known for.[2]

Her husband, Charles Allen passed away at age 72, on September 23, 1942.[4]

Alice then died in 1968 and was buried in Gloucester, Massachusetts.

Career

Puzzle: Find the Race-Problem by Alice Beach Winter featured in The Masses
View of Gloucester by Alice Beach Winter

Alice Beach Winter used her artistic abilities to promote feminist and socialist ideals. She was particularly known for her illustrations that depicted different progressive ideals, with a focus on advocating for women's rights and suffrage. Her ability to capture the innocence and beauty of children in her portraits was also a major contributor to her fame as an artist.[9] Winter's contributions to the suffrage movement were significant, and her illustrations were frequently featured in political magazines such as The Masses.[10] This publication was known for promoting progressive ideas such as women's suffrage, equal opportunity, and labor inequality. Winter's illustrations played a crucial role in conveying these messages and advocating for social and political change. During the early 1900s, the rapid advancement of technology made spreading information through magazines and newspapers an increasingly powerful tool for reaching the public in a quick and captivating manner. Winter recognized the significance of this and contributed her illustrations to political magazines, helping to spread awareness of feminist and ideals to a broader audience.[11] Winter's involvement in illustrating political cartoons during World War I also suggests her deep commitment to using her artistic skills as a means of promoting social and political change. Through her illustrations, Alice Beach Winter made a lasting impact on the suffrage movement, helping to pave the way for future generations of women.[11]

Exhibits

Winter's works have been exhibited in the following locations:

Well known artworks

Many of Winter's paintings focused on the beautiful sea and shore landscapes around her abode in Gloucester, MA. Works such as The Waiting Boat, The Old Pier, and The Study of Orange Rocks, were described as vibrant with stunning color effects.[2] These paintings were large but had incredible brushwork, often resulting in displays having difficulty accommodating proper viewing distances.[2]

As Winter progressed her skills and ideas, one can see her progress from simple yet impressive paintings such as Beside the Sea to more advanced paintings of nature such as Doris which could be classified as post-impressionistic, no longer focusing on details and life-likeness, but instead on the effect and feeling of a particular scene.[12]

In addition to her many paintings of the Gloucester shores, Winter also spent some time in Pasadena, California, where she created impressionistic works such as Almond Trees.

While Winter excelled at landscape impressionist painting, her true desire was to become well known as a portrait painter, particularly with children. One well known work of this category is Romance.[13] Many of these paintings were done on a commission from some of some of Alice's acquaintances, such as Dickey featuring the son of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Hall, or Ginger showing off the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Higginson,[14] both from Boston.

Why Must I Work by Alice Beach Winter as featured in The Masses

Prior to working on suffrage cartoons, Winter created socialist art in magazines such as The Masses including the well-known Why Must I Work[9] that shows a “sad, doe-eyed girl” in front of a factory.[9] This piece was aimed to combat the poor child labor laws that existed at the time, or lack of.[3] These allowed her to express her opinions and begin to support women's rights leading up to her involvement in the women's suffrage movement.[6] Some of these works were also reprinted in suffrage magazines at later dates.[3]

Winter created many suffrage cartoons throughout her career, particularly in feminist papers such as Woman Voter.[3] At the time, male artists only included girls in 3.2% of their works, while women included them in 8.3%. Winter played a large part in boosting this figure for women, with girls being at the center stage of many of her works, such as He ain’t got no stockin’s he’s poorer nor me.[9]

Another interesting aspect of Winter's suffrage art is her inclusion of black children as well, which was rare for the time. Even though these people of color were not necessarily included in positions of authority or power, it was still a landmark change and step forward in this genre of art. Her work Puzzle: Find the Race-Problem, for example, shows a black child and a white child playing together with dolls of opposite skin color.[3]

Throughout her life, Winter illustrated many children's books and stories such as Cyr’s New Primer, a work in a series of children's literacy tools.[15]

Art organizations

Art Students League of New York building

Winter was part of many artistic groups and organizations including the Art Students League, the North Shore Art Association, and the Gloucester Society of Artists.[1]

Of particular note was Winter's involvement in a group known as the Ashcan School. It was originally founded from a complaint about The Masses, a magazine in which Winter was heavily involved, claiming that there were too many pictures of “ashcans and girls hitching up their skirts.” This group, much like Winter and her art, was representative of this era's political rebellion and unrest.[6]

Winter also gained membership in the National Association of Women Artists, a prominent group that has promoted women's stories since the late 1800s.[7]

Legacy

The efforts of suffrage artists, like Alice Beach Winter, aided in the advancement of the 19th amendment. Political cartoons, posters, illustrations, and paintings exhilarated the push for gender equality throughout the United States.[16] During WWI, political magazines containing suffrage cartoons demonstrated to citizens the positive effects of women in the workforce, furthering the acceptance of the women's rights movement.[11][17] To this day, she is known as one of the most influential and important suffrage artists.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Falk, Peter H. (1985). Who was Who in American Art. Madison, CT: Sound View Press. ISBN 0932087000.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Hutchings, Emily Grant (25 July 1915). "St. Louis Painters Injure Themselves by General Criticism of Rivals". St. Louis Globe—Democrat. p. 23.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sheppard, Alice and (introduction by) Perry, Elisabeth Israels. Cartooning for Suffrage University of New Mexico Press, 1994.
  4. 1 2 3 "Deaths and Funerals: Charles A. Winter". The Boston Globe. 4 September 1942. p. 25.
  5. 1 2 "Weather Message". Ellis County News Republican. 9 January 1904. p. 1.
  6. 1 2 3 Heung, Elsie Y. "Women's Suffrage in American Art: Recovering Forgotten Contexts, 1900-1920." PhD diss., University of New York, 2018. Proquest (Publication No. 10745610).
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Alice Beach Winter". Pierce Galleries, Inc.
  8. ↑ Year: 1920; Census Place: Manhattan Assembly District 15, New York, New York; Roll: T625_1212; Page: 5B; Enumeration District: 1061
  9. 1 2 3 4 Sheppard, Alice (1990). "Suffrage Art and Feminism". Hypatia. 5 (2): 122–136. doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.1990.tb00421.x. JSTOR 3810160. S2CID 143416124.
  10. ↑ Winter, Alice Beach. “Puzzle: Find the Race-Problem.” The Masses 5, no. 6, March 1914.
  11. 1 2 3 Ramsey, E. Michele (2000). "Inventing citizens during World War I: Suffrage cartoons in the woman citizen". Western Journal of Communication. 64 (2): 113–147. doi:10.1080/10570310009374668. S2CID 144470125.
  12. ↑ Anderson, Antony (28 March 1915). "Gloucester and Elsewhere". The Los Angeles Times. p. 41.
  13. ↑ "Alice Beach Winter's Exhibition." New York Times (1857–1922), Apr 18, 1922. Proquest
  14. ↑ Special Dispatch to the Globe. "Artist Husband, and Wife Give Joint Exhibit of Fine Paintings: Charles Allen Winter and Mrs. Alice Beach Winter Display Charming and Varied Creations from their Brushes at Studio Home in East Gloucester." Daily Boston Globe (1928-1960), Nov 11, 1930. Proquest
  15. ↑ Cyr, Ellen M. Cyr's New Primer, edited by Hallock, Ruth Mary, Alice Beach Winter. Boston: Ginn and Co., 1912. Microfiche
  16. ↑ Dennison, Mariea Caudill (2003). "Babies for Suffrage: "The Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture by Women Artists for the Benefit of the Woman Suffrage Campaign"". Woman's Art Journal. 24 (2): 24–30. doi:10.2307/1358783. JSTOR 1358783.
  17. ↑ Sheppard, Alice (1985). "Political and Social Consciousness in the Woman Suffrage Cartoons of Lou Rogers and Nina Allender". Studies in American Humor. 4 (1/2): 39–50. JSTOR 42573210.
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