Alliance for the Union of Romanians
Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor
AbbreviationAUR
PresidentGeorge Simion
General SecretaryCristian David
President of the Senate of AUR in RomaniaSorin Lavric
President of the CNC and leader in the Senate of RomaniaClaudiu Târziu
Leader in the Chamber of DeputiesAntonio Andrușceac
Party Leader in MoldovaBoris Volosatîi
Vice-PresidentMarius Lulea
Founders
Founded19 September 2019 (Romania)
27 March 2021 (Moldova)
Youth wingTineret AUR (TAUR)
Charity and Workers WingFrăția Ortodoxă[1] (2019–2022)
Ideology
Political positionRight-wing[5][27][28] to far-right[2][29][30]
ReligionRomanian Orthodox Church
Colours  Gold
SloganDreptate pentru România
(Justice for Romania)
Senate
12 / 136
Chamber of Deputies
25 / 330
[a]
European Parliament
0 / 33
Mayors (Romania)
2 / 3,176
County Councilors (Romania)
0 / 1,340
Local Council Councilors (Romania)
79 / 39,900
Parliament of Moldova
0 / 101
District Presidents (Moldova)
0 / 32
Party flag
Website
partidulaur.ro
partidulaur.md (defunct)
  • a. ^ 3 deputies from NR currently sit within AUR's parliamentary group

The Alliance for the Union of Romanians (Romanian: Alianța pentru Unirea Românilor, AUR, meaning "gold" in Romanian)[2] is a right-wing populist and nationalist[31] political party currently active in Romania and Moldova. It was founded on 19 September 2019 ahead of the 2020 Romanian local and legislative elections. The party president is George Simion.

The party ran in the local elections, not obtaining many votes and only winning in three towns. However, in the legislative elections, the AUR won 9% of the votes in all of Romania and its diaspora, thus becoming the fourth-largest party in the country at the central level, which surprised observers.

AUR aims for the unification of all Romanians from Romania and Romanian-populated neighbouring zones, and for the support of the Romanian diaspora in other countries. The party seeks the unification of Moldova and Romania, supports NATO membership and aims for energy independence for Romania. It claims it is a centre-right,[32] national-patriotic,[33] Christian democratic party.[34] However, it has been accused of supporting anti-vaccination ideas and being Magyarophobic,[35][36][7] neo-fascist,[37][38] pro-Russian[39][40] and antisemitic,[24][26][41][42] although relevant figures of the party have rejected all these accusations.[43][44][45] The party states that its four main pillars are "family, nation, Christian faith, and liberty".

History

The Alliance for the Union of Romanians was formally established on 19 September 2019.[46] Later, during the Great Union Day of Romania on 1 December 2019, its leader, George Simion, said the party's aims were to participate in the 2020 Romanian local and legislative elections of the country.[47] Simion had up to this point been a campaigner for the unification of Romania and the Republic of Moldova.[7] Claudiu Târziu, who was co-president of the party along Simion until 27 March 2022,[48] was a member of Coalition for the Family which unsuccessfully campaigned to ban gay marriage through constitutional change in a 2018 referendum.[49][50]

On 26 June 2020, AUR condemned the disinterest of the Romanian authorities regarding the minority rights of the Romanians in Serbia and Ukraine and declared that it would fully support them once it entered the Romanian Parliament.[51] Two days later, AUR also condemned the 80th anniversary of the annexation of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region by the Soviet Union, declaring that "it is our obligation to regain our state".[52]

By July 2020, AUR counted 22 branches in Europe and North America for the Romanian diaspora.[53] The first of these was established in Wolverhampton, in the United Kingdom.[54]

AUR was the only party in Romania that expressed support for Donald Trump in the 2020 United States presidential election.[55]

2020 Romanian local elections

During the 2020 Romanian local elections, AUR won the mayoralty in three towns: Amara, Pufești, and Valea Lungă.[56]

2020 Romanian legislative election

In the 2020 Romanian legislative election, AUR obtained a high percentage of the votes, being called as the "surprise" of Romania. The results also increased the popularity of the party on the Internet.[7][57][58] The party came first among Romanians in Italy, the largest group of the Romanian diaspora, and ran a close second among Romanians in France and Romanians in Spain. It also scored first in Cyprus.[59]

AUR's candidate for prime minister was Călin Georgescu, who worked for the United Nations for 17 years.[60]

According to a statement released by AUR, between 7 and 8 December 2020, 15,000 Romanians joined the party in just 24 hours. The party is supposedly to have 46 members of parliament in the 2020–2024 Romanian legislature, according to the same statement.[61]

The party achieved good results in rural areas of Moldavia and Dobruja, areas traditionally dominated by the other big parties. Its most significant percentages were in the counties where the Romanian Orthodox Church has a strong influence and a large number of practicing believers. These are Suceava (14.72%), Botoșani (14.62%), Neamț (14.4%), Constanța (14.2%), and Vrancea (13.43%).[62]

The party speculated the new communication channels (social networks) in a similar way to the Greater Romania Party (PRM) of the late 1990s - early 2000s, which used the newspaper "România Mare" (Greater Romania) as a communication channel, reaching high electoral scores. Another example is the People's Party – Dan Diaconescu (PP-DD), which was propelled with the help of the OTV television channel.[62]

Recorder, a Romanian online publisher, argues that the election campaign of AUR has adapted to the rural environment, which lacks modern technology, relying more on messages desired by the masses than on a coherent ideology. In this way, they argue, in addition to a core of supporters who voted for radical messages, there is also the wider category of electorate strictly attracted by populist messages.[62]

December 2020–present

On 22 January 2021, Simion announced that the party would officially adhere at European level to the "European Conservatives and Reformists Party" after going on visits in Poland and Brussels, Belgium.[63]

Simion announced on 15 March 2021 that the AUR had intentions to start operating in the Republic of Moldova on the occasion of the Day of the Union of Bessarabia with Romania celebrated every 27 March.[64] The party was officially launched, as previously stated, on 27 March 2021, and the elected president of the party was Vlad Bilețchi, a renowned Moldovan unionist.[65] This new section of the AUR in Moldova later participated in the Moldovan snap parliamentary elections of 11 July 2021.[66]

On 2 October 2021, AUR organised a 15,000–20,000 people-strong protest against COVID-19 restrictions at the Victory Square in Bucharest, drawing both national and international attention and being the most attended protest in Romania since the start of the pandemic.[67][68]

On 5 October 2021, a motion of no confidence initiated by AUR, but legally proposed by PSD, was passed with 281 votes, thus dismissing the Cîțu Cabinet.[69]

On 27 March 2022, AUR held its first party congress at the Palace of the Parliament. On it, it was intended to elect the party's president. There were two candidates, Simion and Dănuț Aelena, AUR deputy in the Constanța County. Aelena claimed to have nominated himself with the simple intention of showing that AUR was a democratic party and that he did not intend to "expel" Simion from the party, admitting that he was less well-known compared to him. 784 voted for Simion and 38 for Aelena, making Simion the party's sole president after having previously shared leadership with Târziu, who became president of the party's CNC.[48]

In November 2022, Simion met with Israel's ambassador to Romania, Reuven Azar. The encounter drew outrage from some Israelis and diaspora Jews, as AUR is officially boycotted by Israel due to its history of antisemitism.[70][71]

On 14 November 2023, at an AUR press conference, Lidia Vadim Tudor (the daughter of the late Corneliu Vadim Tudor), former Minister for Business Environment Ilan Laufer (who is also the president of the National Identity Force), businessman Muhammad Murad, entrepreneur Sorin Constantinescu and Sorin Ilieșiu, as well as deputies Florică Calotă (who was elected on PNL list), Daniel Forea (elected on PSD list), Dumitru Viorel Focșa (elected on AUR, but later left) and senators Ovidiu Iosif Florean (elected on PNL list), Călin Gheorghe Matieș (elected on PSD list) and Vasilică Potecă (elected on PNL list) announced that they are joining AUR for the next election.[72] Later, on 21 November, AUR announced, together with the Romanian Village Party, National Rebirth Alliance, Romanian Republican Party and National Peasants' Alliance the creation of a Sovereigntist Alliance to contest at the 2024 Romanian parliamentary election.[73][74]

Ideology

AUR is young as a party, but it didn't come out of nowhere. It brings together some people whose history is linked to the late period of communism. Its candidates are experts in propaganda, intellectuals with more or less open sympathy for legionnaires and legionary or pro-legionary intellectuals, businessmen and itinerant politicians who wander from one radical party to another.

— Oliver Jens Schmitt[75]

According to the party's website, AUR's ultimate goal is to achieve the unification of all Romanians "wherever they are located, in Bucharest, Iași, Timișoara, Cernăuți, Timoc, Italy, or Spain". The website names four pillars for the party: family, nation, Christian faith, and liberty.[27][50] The party characterizes its members as "the defenders of the Church".[55] It is opposed to "gender ideology" and believes that a nation has no chance of surviving "unless it cultivates the original pattern of the classic family".[28]

The party's representatives became popular on social media as a result of their positioning against measures taken by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leading members, such as Șoșoacă (later expelled), gained thousands of followers. AUR has been described as supporting "anti-medicine, anti-vaccination" rhetoric.[50] This accusation was rejected by George Simion, president of AUR, claiming that the party supports the "freedom of choice".[76] The party's manifesto opposes secularism and condemns atheism, and claims that Christians are persecuted in Romania.[29] The party has been critical of the impact of the local autonomy of Hungarians in Romania on the rights of ethnic Romanians in the centre of the country (where the Hungarians are the majority),[28] leading to accusations of being Magyarophobic.[7] The latter accusation was rejected by the president of AUR,[77] and the party denounced the media, accusing media outlets of spreading false information about its campaign. Simion has cited Law and Justice and Fidesz, the ruling parties in Poland and Hungary respectively, as some of his models.[78][79]

AUR wishes to position Romania as a leader in central and eastern Europe within the European Union and to integrate the Republic of Moldova into Romania.[80] The party is pro-NATO and views the integration of Moldova into Romania as strengthening NATO's eastern flank.[28] The party also takes a strongly pro-Israel stance.[81]

By 2023, the party had become critical of Romanian military support for Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War, suggesting that the war is "not ours". AUR also criticised the transit of Ukrainian agricultural products through Romania, and Simion has been banned from entering Ukraine.[82] Nevertheless, the party leadership is critical of relations with Russia, with Simion calling for the expulsion of the Russian Ambassador and closing Russian consulates in Romania following Russian threats against Romania in December 2023.[83]

AUR wishes to ensure Romania's self-sufficiency in energy, the prosecution of those deemed responsible for mismanaged post-Communist privatisation projects, and a fight against illegal logging by banning the export of non-processed wood.[78] Additionally, AUR wishes to reform and modernize the education system, with a focus on reducing the overhead of political administration in order to improve the quality and the availability of education in Romania.

The party has a senate, which is equivalent to the National Executive Committee of other Romanian parties such as the PSD, the National Liberal Party (PNL), and the Save Romania Union (USR).[84]

Leadership

Nº Name
Born - Died		 Portrait Term start Term end Duration
1 George Simion
(1986– 		1 December 2019 27 March 2022 2 years, 3 months and 26 days
Claudiu Târziu
(1973– 		1 December 2019 27 March 2022
(1) George Simion
(1986– 		27 March 2022 Incumbent 1 year, 9 months and 19 days

Electoral history

Romania

Legislative elections

Election Chamber Senate Position Aftermath
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
20201 535,828 9.08
33 / 330
 541,935 9.17
14 / 136
  4th  Opposition to PNL-USR PLUS-UDMR government (2020–2021)
Opposition to PNL-UDMR minority government (2021)
Opposition to CNR government (2021–present)

Notes:

1 1 senator and 4 deputies from NR were elected on AUR's list[85]

Local elections

National results
Election County Councilors (CJ) Mayors Local Councilors (CL) Popular vote  % Position
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2020 71,022 0.99
0 / 1,340
 26,596 0.33
3 / 3,176
 35,797 0.45
79 / 39,900
 71,022 0.99  12th 
Mayor of Bucharest
Election Candidate First round
Votes Percentage Position
2020 Claudiu Târziu4,445
0.67%
 7th 

Moldova

Legislative elections

Election Parliament Position Aftermath
Votes % Seats
2021 7,216 0.49
0 / 101
  10th  Extra-parliamentary

See also

References

  1. ↑ "SpotMedia: Cum a crescut AUR în Frății ortodoxe" (in Romanian). Deutsche Welle. 11 December 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 "Romania's wake up call". Emerging-europe.com. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
  3. ↑ "Romanian nationalist party AUR attracts 15,000 new virtual members". Romania-insider.com. 9 December 2020.
  4. 1 2 3 "The Center Holds in Romania, but a New Far-Right Party Spells Trouble". Worldpoliticsreview.com. 24 December 2020.
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  6. ↑ "Romanian opposition takes narrow lead after election". BBC News. 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 ""Surpriza" AUR, partidul cu mesaj anti-maghiar, anti-occidental, unionist și anti-mască. Cine sunt liderii partidului: George Simion, Claudiu Târziu și Dan Tănasă". G4 Media (in Romanian). 7 December 2020. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020.
  8. ↑ "AUR "în numele Lui Dumnezeu": Apărarea creștinilor de gay și atei, multiculturalismul este paravan pentru neomarxiști, relația cu "globaliștii" SUA nu există/ Unirea cu Basarabia și România Mare în Europa (Program politic)". G4 Media. 7 December 2020.
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  65. ↑ "Un partid parlamentar din România s-a lansat și în R. Moldova. Președinte a fost ales liderul unei asociații unioniste, iar prim-vicepreședinți, un actual și un fost deputat în Parlamentul României". Ziarul de Gardă. 27 March 2021.
  66. ↑ "Partidul românesc unionist AUR participă la alegerile anticipate din R. Moldova". Radio Europa Liberă Moldova (in Romanian). 5 May 2021.
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  70. ↑ Melman, Yossi (22 November 2022). "Likud Officials Met Representatives of Far-right, Antisemitic Romanian Party Officially Boycotted by Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  71. ↑ Roth-Rowland, Natasha (4 September 2023). "It's not just Europe's far right enabling Israeli apartheid". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  72. ↑ "Cine s-a înscris în "polul suveranist" AUR, pentru alegerile din 2024. Printre ei, Lidia Vadim Tudor, fiica lui Vadim Tudor".
  73. ↑ "VIDEO Liderul AUR, George Simion, anunță că încă două partide se alătură polului suveranist: Partidul Satul Românesc și Alianta pentru Renaștere Națională". 21 November 2023.
  74. ↑ "George Simion și AUR, expansiune la nivel național. Partidul Satul Românesc şi Alianţa Renaşterea Naţională se alătură AUR!". 22 November 2023.
  75. ↑ Grădinaru, Magda (11 December 2020). "Cum a crescut AUR în Frății ortodoxe tolerate de Biserică, așa cum BOR l-a tolerat și pe Zelea Codreanu. Manipulările via Sputnik și pericolul real - Interviu". spotmedia.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  76. ↑ "George Simion și-a anunțat noii parteneri europeni că "AUR va exista politic și în Republica Moldova"". 26 January 2021.
  77. ↑ Sandu, Geanina (11 December 2020). "Claudiu Târziu, copreședintele AUR, la Marius Tucă Show: "Lavric nu e un misogin. Lavric iubește femeile. Lui Lavric ți-e și rușine să-i treci prin față"". Mediafax (in Romanian).
  78. 1 2 Barberá, Marcel Gascón (7 December 2020). "Rookie Nationalist Party Makes Shock Entry into Romania's Parliament". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 8 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  79. ↑ "George Simion se compară cu liderul autocrat al Ungariei: Sunt Viktor Orban al României/ Fidesz este un model pentru noi". G4 Media (in Romanian). 14 July 2021.
  80. ↑ Pirvu, Luminita (7 December 2020). "VIDEO Cum arată programul AUR, surpriza alegerilor parlamentare 2020, și cine sunt candidații partidului care intră în Parlament". HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  81. ↑ https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/376205
  82. ↑ "Anti-Ukraine party gathers strength in Romania".
  83. ↑ "George Simion cere expulzarea lui Valeri Kuzmin și închiderea Ambasadei Rusiei". 15 December 2023.
  84. ↑ Florian, Marius (24 January 2020). "VIDEO Structura centrală AUR, aleasă! Apelul lui Simion, pentru constănțeni: "Trebuie să faceți DREPTATE!"". Tomis News (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  85. ↑ "O nouă facțiune parlamentară ruptă din AUR după excluderea Dianei Șoșoacă? Ninel Peia și-a impus cinci senatori și deputați pe listele partidului AUR, Claudiu Târziu explică mizele protocolului dintre cele două partide". G4 Media (in Romanian). 11 February 2021.

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