Alphons Leopold Mielich
Orientalische Marktszene [Oriental Market Scene] by Mielich
Born
Alphons Leopold Mielichhofer

27 January 1863
Klosterneuburg, near Vienna
Died25 January 1929
Salzburg
NationalityAustrian
MovementOrientalist scenes

Alphons Leopold Mielich (27 January 1863 – 25 January 1929) was an Austrian painter noted for his orientalist scenes. He participated in a team responsible for documenting the frescoes in an Umayyad castle at Qasr Amra, including the famous Painting of the Six Kings and provided the illustrations for a published book on the findings, Kusejr 'Amra, published in 1907. He is also responsible for the destruction of most of the Painting of the Six Kings, as it was severely damaged when he attempted to forcibly relocate the paintings to Germany.

Life and career

Alphons Leopold Mielichhofer was born in Klosterneuburg, near Vienna on 27 January 1863. [1] He received his art education in Paris, London and Munich.[2] He served as a lieutenant of artillery in the Austrian Army until 1887 when his military career ended prematurely due to ill health. [3]

In 1889, he travelled to the Middle East as part of his convalescence,[4] and remained there for several years.[5] He returned to Egypt another eleven times before the outbreak of war in 1914. [6] His visits to the Middle-East became vitally important to his career since most of his work concerns Orientalist themes.[7]

On his 1901 voyage to the Middle East, he accompanied Czech scholar Alois Musil to work on the documentation of the Umayyad castle at Qasyr 'Amra, then in the Ottoman Empire (modern-day Jordan).[8] His brief was to document the paintings and frescoes in the ancient castle by copying them faithfully. [9] Almost as soon as they had arrived, they were attacked by local rebels who stole all their camels. [10] Sometime later, they realised that the attack had been a misunderstanding and their camels were returned. [11] However, before that, the pair had resolved to remain on site on account of the paintings' immense historical interest which Mielich had noted.[12] The partnership between Musil and Mielich resulted in the publication of a two-volume work, Kusejr 'Amra, in which Mielich's drawings took up the second volume.[13]

Musil describes Mielich's reaction upon first sighting the paintings at Qusayr 'Amra:[14]

"I followed him [Mielich] quickly and with a throbbing heart, then understandably, I wished to observe what impression the paintings would make on the art expert. My eyes were firmly fixed on his face and I saw that he was satisfied as his features became transfigured and his eyes beamed with enthusiasm. Again and again he uttered, "Great, truly great."

On Mielich's return from the Middle East, a bitter disagreement arose between Musil and Mielich. [15] This culminated in a legal action surrounding Mielich's removal and subsequent sale of some of the pieces of the wall paintings without Musil's knowledge or consent. These pieces, including fragments of the Painting of the Six Kings[16] remain in Berlin where they form part of the Museum Islamicher Kunst.[17]

In 1910, Mielich's work was featured in the exhibition, Meisterwerke Muhammedanischer Kunst, [Masterpieces of Muhammedan Art], in Munich, a mammoth and unprecedented exhibition of exotic art featuring some 3,600 artworks from more than 250 collections. [18] Mielich regularly exhibited in Vienna, Paris, London, as well as in various German and Russian cities. From 1894, he was a member of the Viennese artist group "Wiener Kuenstlerhaus".[19]

He died in Salzburg in 1929, aged 65.[20]

Work

He worked in oils, pastels and water-colours and produced sketches. His most well-known works are his numerous paintings of Cairo and surrounds. Some of these were acquired by Kaiser Franz Josef I and the Austrian Ministry of Education.[21] His works can be found in the collections in museums such as the Austrian National Gallery (Belvedere),[22] museums of Salzburg, and the Shafik Gabr Collection.[23]

Publication

  • Kusejr 'amra und Schlösser östlich von Moab, [two volumes] Carl Gerold's Sohn, 1907 by Alois Musil and Alphons Mielich (Mielich contributed the artwork which comprises volume 2)

Select list of paintings

  • The Camel Driver Resting
  • On the Nile
  • The Pottery Seller
  • View of the Citadel of Cairo, 1900 [Now in the Austrian National Gallery]
  • The Desert Castle, Qusair 'Amra, 1901 [Now in the Austrian National Gallery]
  • Man from Assuan, Egypt 1912
  • A Desert Town at Dawn
  • A Lying Bedouin 1909
  • Prayer at the Muhammad Ali Mosque, Cairo, [now in The Shafik Gabr Collection]
  • Fellah women, a scene on the road to Giza near Cairo, date unknown
  • School in Benassa, undated [Now in the Austrian National Gallery]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, p. 74; Mayr-Oehring, E., Faszination Landschaft, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1995, p. 84
  2. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 12
  3. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, pp 63-78; Orient: Österreichische Malerei zwischen 1848 und 1914, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1997, p. 370; Husslein-Arco, A. and Grabner, S., Orient & Occident: Travelling 19th Century Austrian Painters, Belvedere, 2012, p. 48
  4. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, pp 63-78; Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13; Haslauer, E, and Winbigler, J., "Egypt in Nineteenth-Century Vienna: A Phantasm?" Journal of Visual Resources, vol. 23, 2007, pp 85-103, DOI: 10.1080/01973760701219446; Fontana, M.V., "Su Una Possible Raffiguazione Della Storie di Giona a Qusayr 'Amra," Rivista Degli Studi Orientali, Vol. 85, No. 1/4, 2012, pp. 279-303; Husslein-Arco, A. and Grabner, S., Orient & Occident: Travelling 19th Century Austrian Painters, Belvedere, 2012, p. 48
  5. ↑ Orient: Österreichische Malerei zwischen 1848 und 1914, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1997, p. 370
  6. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, p.74; Haslauer, E, and Winbigler, J., "Egypt in Nineteenth-Century Vienna: A Phantasm?" Journal of Visual Resources, vol. 23, 2007, pp 85-103, DOI: 10.1080/01973760701219446
  7. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, p. 74; Mayr-Oehring, E., Faszination Landschaft, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1995, p. 84
  8. ↑ Haslauer, A., After One Hundred Years: Islamic Art in Vienna circa 1900 and the Munich Exhibition, BRILL, 2010, p.270; Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13 and p. 23l; Fowden, G. and Fowden, E.K., "Studies on Hellenism, Christianity and the Umayyads," University of Virginia Press, p. 27
  9. ↑ Haslauer, A., After One Hundred Years: Islamic Art in Vienna circa 1900 and the Munich Exhibition, BRILL, 2010, p.270; Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13 and p. 23l; Fowden, G. and Fowden, E.K., "Studies on Hellenism, Christianity and the Umayyads," University of Virginia Press, p. 10 and p. 27
  10. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13
  11. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13
  12. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 pp. 10–12; Lermer, A. and Shalem, A. (eds), After One Hundred Years: The 1910 Exhibition "Meisterwerke Muhammedanischer Kunst" Reconsidered, BRILL, 2010, p. 270
  13. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13
  14. ↑ Haja, M. Zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit: Die österreichische Orientmalerei im 19.Jahrhundert, in : Mayr-Oehring, Erika [Hg.]: Orient: österre ichische Malerei zwischen 1848 und 1914 (Ausst.Kat.], Residenzgalerie Salzburg, 20.7. - 24.9.1997, Salzburg), Residenzgalerie, Salzburg, 1997
  15. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13
  16. ↑ Fowden, Garth (20 September 2004). Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria. University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-520-92960-9.
  17. ↑ Fowden, G., Qusayr 'Amra: Art and the Umayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, 2004 p. 13; Lermer, A. and Shalem, A. (eds), After One Hundred Years: The 1910 Exhibition "Meisterwerke Muhammedanischer Kunst" Reconsidered, BRILL, 2010, pp. 270–271
  18. ↑ Troelenberg, E-M., "Regarding the exhibition: the Munich exhibition Masterpieces of Muhammadan Art (1910) and its scholarly position," Journal of Art Historiography. No. 6, 2012. pp 1-34; Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, pp 63-78
  19. ↑ Erika Mayr-Oehring; Martina Haja; Residenzgalerie Salzburg (1997). Orient: Austrian painting between 1848 and 1914. Die Galerie. p. 368.
  20. ↑ Mikešová, M., "Austria‑Hungary and Egypt (1882–1914)," Prague Papers on the History of International Relations, Vol. 1, 2014, pp 63-78; Mayr-Oehring, E., Faszination Landschaft, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1995, p. 84
  21. ↑ Orient: Österreichische Malerei zwischen 1848 und 1914, Salzburger Residenzgalerie, 1997, p. 371
  22. ↑ Austrian National Gallery, "The Collection," Online:https://digital.belvedere.at/search/Mielich
  23. ↑ The Shafik Gabr Collection, "The Paintings," Online: https://eastwestdialogue.org/about/the-paintings/the-shafik-gabr-collection/

Bibliography

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