Brown star-footed amanita
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Amanitaceae
Genus: Amanita
Species:
A. brunnescens
Binomial name
Amanita brunnescens
G.F.Atk. (1918)
Amanita brunnescens
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is convex
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a ring and volva
Spore print is white
Ecology is mycorrhizal
Edibility is not recommended

Amanita brunnescens, also known as the brown American star-footed amanita[1][2] or cleft-footed amanita is a native North American mushroom of the large genus Amanita. It differs from A. phalloides (the death cap) by its fragile volva and tendency to bruise brown.

Taxonomy

Originally presumed to be the highly toxic Amanita phalloides (the death cap) by renowned American mycologist Charles Horton Peck, it was described and named by George F. Atkinson of Cornell University. He named it after the fact that it bruised brown.[3]

Description

Amanita brunnescens has a mostly brown cap, with possible tones of olive, grey, or red. At maturity the cap is often around 8–9 centimetres (3+1⁄4–3+1⁄2 inches) wide. The cap margins lack universal veil remnants. The shape of the cap can be bell-shaped to convex, becoming planar as it matures. The flesh within the cap is mostly white or cream and can bruise brown. The characteristic Amanita gills are free from the stipe and white. The stipe is also white, with a smooth basal bulb that distinctly splits into a "cleft-foot". It stains reddish-brown on the lower half, especially when handled, and averages about 9 cm tall. A partial veil is present, often white with possible brown coloration. There is no volva, but there may be volval remnants if the fruiting body is excavated carefully, that are white to brownish.[1]

The odor, if present, is of raw potatoes. a piece of the stipe may need to be cut in order to detect the faint scent.

The spore print is white, and "the spores measure (7.0-) 8.0–9.2 (-9.5) × (6.5-) 7.2–8.5 (-9.2) µm and are globose to subglobose (occasionally broadly ellipsoid) and amyloid. Clamps are absent from bases of basidia."[1]

Variations

Amanita brunnescens var. pallida is almost identical to the description above, but with a white cap color.[1]

Toxicity

It is considered probably poisonous.[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Tulloss, R. "Amanita brunnescens G. F. Atk". Amanitaceae.org. Retrieved 2012-12-27.
  2. ↑ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  3. ↑ Litten W. (1975). "The most poisonous mushrooms". Scientific American. 232 (3): 90–101. Bibcode:1975SciAm.232c..90L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0375-90. PMID 1114308.
  4. ↑ Phillips, Roger (2010). Mushrooms and Other Fungi of North America. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. p. 31. ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
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