Antrophyum
drawings of several undivided fern fronds, spindle-shaped to elliptical, with long sori underneath following slightly netted veins
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Vittarioideae
Genus: Antrophyum
Kaulf. 1824
Type species
Antrophyum plantagineum

Antrophyum is a genus of ferns in the family Pteridaceae.[1] They are commonly known as lineleaf ferns.[2]

Description

Like most other vittarioid ferns, members of the genus have simple, straplike leaves. Most species lack a costa (midrib), although a few have a partial one, and the leaves are generally more than 1 centimetre (0.4 in) wide. The leaves have netlike venation, with three or more rows of areolae ("gaps" in the net of veins) on either side of the midline. Linear sori are borne along the veins throughout the underside of the leaf. Paraphyses (miniature hairs) are present on the sori (separating the genus from Polytaenium); the cells at the tips of the paraphyses may be spherical or slender, and spores are trilete. (By comparison, Scoliosorus and Antrophyopsis always have spherical cells at the tips of their paraphyses, and monolete spores.)[3]

Taxonomy

The genus was first described by Georg Friedrich Kaulfuss in 1824. He included in it several species placed in Hemionitis by Carl Ludwig Willdenow, distinguishing them on the basis of their reticulate, indusiate sori sunken into the leaf tissue. The name means "growing from a cavity",[4] a reference to the growth of the sori from a groove in the leaf. In 1875, John Smith designated Antrophyum plantagineum as the lectotype for the genus.[5] Species include:[6][7]

Phylogeny of Antrophyum[8][9]

A. novae-caledoniae Hieron.

A. parvulum Bl.

A. plantagineum (Cav.) Kaulf.

A. crassifolium Chen

A. brassii S.Linds.

A. megistophyllum Copel.

A. strictum Mett.

A. lancifolium Rosenst.

A. subfalcatum Brackenr.

A. ledermannii Hier.

A. smithii C. Chr.

A. tahitense Chen & Nitta 2023

A. austroqueenslandicum D. L. Jones

A. solomonense Chen & Nitta 2015

A. pseudolatifolium Chen 2023

A. castaneum H.Itô

A. obovatum Bak.

A. semicostatum Bl.

A. hovenkampii Chen

A. annamense Tardieu & C.Chr.

A. henryi Hieron.

A. nambanense Chen 2020

A. formosanum Hieron.

A. sessilifolium (Cav.) Spreng.

A. malgassicum C. Chr.

A. vittarioides Bak.

A. callifolium Blume (Ox-tongue Fern)

A. reticulatum (Forst.) Kaulf.

Other species include:

  • A. annetii (Jeanp.) Tardieu
  • A. brookei Hook.
  • A. costatum Alderw.
  • A. jagoanum D.L.Jones & Bostock
  • A. kinabaluense Chen 2023
  • A. lancifolium Blume
  • A. obovatum Baker
  • A. ovatum Alderw.
  • A. simulans Alderw.
  • A. trivittatum C. Chr.
  • A. williamsii Benedict

The subgenus Antrophyopsis, containing the species A. bivittatum C. Chr., A. boryanum Willd., and A. mannianum Hook. (later treated in Scoliosorus), was elevated to a genus in 2016.[3]

Distribution

Most species occur in tropical Asia and the Pacific, but A. immersum and A. malgassicum are known from Africa and the Indian Ocean.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Antrophyum USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) 14 Jan 2012
  2. ↑ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Antrophyum Kaulf. lineleaf fern". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 14 Jan 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 Schuettpelz, Eric; Chen, Cheng-Wei; Kessler, Michael; Pinson, Jerald B.; Johnson, Gabriel; Davila, Alex; Cochran, Alyssa T.; Huiet, Layne; Pryer, Kathleen M. (August 2016). "A revised generic classification of vittarioid ferns (Pteridaceae) based on molecular, micromorphological, and geographic data" (PDF). Taxon. 65 (4): 708–722. doi:10.12705/654.2.
  4. ↑ Kaulfuss, Georg Friedrich (1824). Enumeratio Filicum. Leipzig: Caroli Cnobloch. pp. 69, 197.
  5. ↑ Smith, John (1875). Historia Filicum. London: Macmillan & Co. pp. 154, 410.
  6. ↑ Hassler, Michael and Brian Swale. "Family Vittariaceae, genus Antrophyum; world species list". Checklist of World Ferns. Archived from the original on 2008-10-17. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  7. ↑ "Antrophyum". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  8. ↑ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
  9. ↑ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
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