An overview of the site in 1965
General information
Coordinates52°24′11″N 4°53′53″E / 52.40306°N 4.89806°E / 52.40306; 4.89806
Population260 (1972)
No. of blocks34
Construction
Constructed1965
Demolished1978
Other information
Governing
body		Municipality of Amsterdam

The Atatürk residential area (Dutch: Woonoord Atatürk; Turkish: Atatürk Yurdu) was a living space for Turkish guest workers in Amsterdam-Noord named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It was opened in 1965 and initially housed construction workers. Until 1967, the complex was not completely full due to the construction sector not growing as expected. This led to Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij employees also being moved there. In 1972, tension broke out between residents and complex staff after a Turkish chef was fired and the remaining chefs only cooked Dutch food, which ended with a new Turkish chef being hired. During the finals years of the complex, workers started to bring their families to the Netherlands and left Atatürk for a permanent residence elsewhere. The complex was closed in 1978 due to cost issues and the buildings were demolished. A monument commemorating Atatürk has been erected in the place where the site used to be.

History

Early years

The courtyard of the complex

On 9 August 1964, the Dutch and Turkish governments signed an agreement to bring over Turkish workers to the Netherlands to solve staff shortages across the country.[1] The workers would mostly be housed in residential complexes. The Municipality of Amsterdam made land in Amsterdam-Noord available, as well as 2 million Dutch guilder, to be used for the project.[2] The complex was constructed on Klaprozenweg, Amsterdam-Noord, in 1965 and named after Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the first president of Turkey.[3] The term "yurt" was used for the translation into Turkish, though for its residents the complex was mostly a camp.[4] Among Dutch locals, it was known as the Turkendorp (Turkish Village).[3]

The site consisted of 34 white wooden barracks, with each having a living room and two sleeping rooms for four people. There was a shared cafeteria, a garage, a library, an infirmary and a small mosque.[2][5] It was run by the Municipality of Amsterdam.[6] Several other complexes for workers existed across the country; Atatürk was the largest in Amsterdam.[7] The first 27 workers to live there were welcomed in a ceremony. These were employees for two different construction companies based in Amsterdam and Zaandam.[2] Upon arrival, the workers were allowed to choose their roommates on their own. The management hoped that this would increase privacy, but in practice this rarely worked out.[8] The governments of both countries expected the migrant workers to return at some point, so there was no effort made to familiarize them with Dutch society and the residents rarely left the complex.[9] An Amsterdam savings bank visited the area every two weeks to talk with the migrants, which was done with translators.[10]

During the first few years, the number of residents in the complex never exceeded 180. The construction sector fell behind the expected growth and there was a lack of projects and therefore little demand for workers.[2] This led to 50 workers living in the complex being fired in August 1967.[9] The municipality considered filling the empty rooms with students, tourists, elderly people or policemen.[2] In the meantime, multiple shipbuilding companies in the Netherlands were looking for staff abroad. After finding some workers in Italy and Yugoslavia, a delegation of the Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij went to visit Turkey. Here they toured Ankara, Istanbul and İzmit, and found 136 Turkish men after 20 days.[11] In total, around 200 people were taken to Amsterdam with a charter flight; only at Schiphol Airport were they informed of their definitive destination as they were assigned to Damen Verolme in Rotterdam or Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij.[12] The Turkish workers assigned to the Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij were also moved to Atatürk.[2] A football team, named Ataspor, was formed in 1968 and played in the courtyard of the complex.[9] They played against the teams of other migrant complexes.[2] By 1972, around 260 Turkish immigrants lived inside the complex.[13]

1972–73 food crisis and closure

The shared cafeteria of the complex

Following the arrival of the new workers, a committee was formed by the residents to forward their complaints to the management. One of the main issue in the complex was that the Turks were unsatisfied with the food policy. They were not allowed to cook or make any drinks in their own barracks and in most days the cafeteria served Dutch food and rarely any Turkish food. Most workers could not get used to Dutch food. The consultation between the parties was plagued by the language barrier.[2]

Residents of the complex stopped showing up for dinner on 23 December 1972 due to the sole Turkish chef being fired in November for causing a fire in the kitchen. He was not replaced, which led to the kitchen only cooking Dutch food, without any items of Turkish cuisine at all. The municipality still ordered food to be cooked in the hope that the workers would change their mind, but the meals ended up being thrown out every day.[6] Some workers who were leading the boycott were threatened to be kicked out of the complex, but the municipality later called this off and announced on 10 January 1973 that at least one Turkish chef would be hired for the kitchen,[14] ending the hunger strike of the workers after two weeks.[5] They were also allowed to cook on their own.[2]

Many workers still left the complex following the incident; some returned to Turkey, most moved elsewhere into a permanent residence and brought over their families,[5] while some even opened their own businesses.[15] In 1975, new development plans for the NDSM neighborhood were published, where the Atatürk residence complex and buildings of the Nederlandsche Dok en Scheepsbouw Maatschappij would need to make way for offices and businesses.[16] The population of the site started to sharply decline in 1976.[2] A year later, the municipality announced that the complex was running on deficit and considered to close it.[17] In October 1977, the complex was allowed to stay open until at least July 1978, and options were explored to extend that even further.[18] The Atatürk complex was closed in 1978 and its barracks were later demolished.[5] The area was used for subsidized housing instead.[19]

Monument

Opening of the monument in 1978 (left) and its appearance in 2011 (right)

A monument commemorating Atatürk by M. Turkmen was erected on a street next to the complex in 1978. It consists of a copper plate with an inscription, together with the decorative concrete elevation in front. The inscription includes the "Peace at Home, Peace in the World" quote of Atatürk in both Dutch and Turkish,[20] as well as the text "Here was the Ataturk residential complex, Turks lived there. Unity and solidarity brought happiness, and this monument was erected to remember them."[21]

During the redevelopment process of the neighborhood in 1985, the street which the monument was located on was named Atatürk, referring to the village;[22] the street is short and has no houses on it.[3] The monument went through a repair in November 2010.[22] A few months later, the copper inscription went missing; the municipality thought that it was stolen, but it was later revealed that a special unit for monuments of the municipality temporarily removed it without notice for cleaning.[23] A bus stop sharing the name of the street is served by lines 35 and 36 of the GVB.[24]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ↑ Fransje Kuyvenhoven (1 March 2023). "Turkse Kinderen". Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mila Ernst (1 February 2000). "Woonoord Atatürk in Noord". Ons Amsterdam (in Dutch). ISSN 0166-1809. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  3. 1 2 3 ""Ik zal de barakken nooit vergeten, nooit": De Straten bezoekt Atatürk". AT5 (in Dutch). 28 March 2023. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  4. ↑ Tuskan & Vogel 2004, p. 123.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "1972-1973 Bewoners Atatürk komen in opstand". Municipality of Amsterdam (in Dutch). 15 September 2020. Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  6. 1 2 "Turken weigeren voedsel uit keuken van 'Atatürk'". Het Parool (in Dutch). 4 January 1973. p. 13. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  7. ↑ van der Horst 2009, p. 65.
  8. ↑ Vogel 2005, p. 131.
  9. 1 2 3 Ayda Hasanoglu (17 April 2012). "Woonoord Atatürk". Amsterdam Museum (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  10. ↑ "Spaarbank neemt tolken in dienst". Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). 11 August 1966. p. 5. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  11. ↑ Donkers 2007, p. 94.
  12. ↑ Donkers 2007, p. 95.
  13. ↑ "Mr. Porrenga 40 jaar in gemeente dienst". NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). 19 February 1972. p. 16. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  14. ↑ "Gemeente komt terug op besluit: geen Turken uit Woonoord Atatürk". Het Parool (in Dutch). 10 January 1973. p. 7. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  15. ↑ Hageman 2016, p. 332.
  16. ↑ "Veel plannen voor nieuwbouw". De Waarheid (in Dutch). 19 November 1977. p. 5. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  17. ↑ "Woonoorden Amsterdam moeten dicht". De Volkskrant (in Dutch). 5 May 1977. p. 7. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  18. ↑ "Kans op behoud Atatürk". Het Parool (in Dutch). 20 October 1977. p. 5. Retrieved 18 December 2023 – via Delpher.
  19. ↑ Hageman 2016, p. 333.
  20. ↑ "Gedenkteken Atatürk". Municipality of Amsterdam (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 5 August 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2023.
  21. ↑ "Atatürk'ün aziz hatırasının bulunduğu dünya şehirleri". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  22. 1 2 "Hollanda'daki Atatürk Anıtı'nın yazısı çalındı". CNN Türk (in Turkish). 18 January 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  23. ↑ "Atatürk anıtından sökülen yazı bulundu". Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 20 January 2011. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  24. ↑ "Atatürk, Amsterdam". GVB (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 19 December 2023. Retrieved 18 December 2023.

Bibliography

  • Donkers, Jan [in Dutch] (2007). "Een Turk is goedkoper, of: compleet met moskee, vlak bij huis!". Zo dicht bij Amsterdam (in Dutch). Atlas. pp. 92–100. ISBN 9789045002682.
  • Hageman, Mariëlle (2016). Amsterdam in de wereld: sporen van Nederlands gedeelde verleden (in Dutch). Ambo|Anthos. ISBN 9789026335198.
  • Tuskan, Erhan; Vogel, Jaap (2004). Lied uit den vreemde, Gurbet Türküsü: brieven en foto's van Turkse migranten 1964-1975 (in Dutch). Aksant. ISBN 9789052601403.
  • van der Horst, Hilje (2009). "Living Amsterdam: Tangible homes behind Amsterdam's facades". In Nell, Liza; Rath, Jan (eds.). Ethnic Amsterdam: Immigrants and Urban Change in the Twentieth Century. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 61–74. ISBN 9789089641687. JSTOR j.ctt46mtxt.
  • Vogel, Jaap (2005). Nabije vreemden: Een eeuw wonen en samenleven (PDF) (in Dutch). Sdu. ISBN 9789012097772. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
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