ʿĀtika bint Yazīd (Arabic: عاتكة بنت يزيد) was an Umayyad princess. She was the daughter of Yazid I, and wife of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. Some called her the scholar cause she studied Islam, especially Hadith. She was also called generous as she gave up all of her money for a poor member of Abu Sufyan's family.^[1]

Life

Atika was the daughter of second Umayyad caliph Yazid. She was the sister of third Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya II. Before Yazid I died, he had the bay'ah made to his son. Mu'awiya II succeeded his father in Damascus in 64 AH (November 683 CE), at an age of somewhere between 17. Her brother died in 684 and he was succeeded by succeeded by her Father-in-law Marwan, he ruled for one year and died in 685. Marwan was succeeded by her husband Abd al-Malik as the fifth Umayyad caliph. She was the influential wife of Abd al-Malik, her elder son was nominated heir of the Caliphate.

By dint of his descent, her son Yazid was a natural candidate for the succession to the caliphate.^[2] A noble Arab maternal lineage held political weight during this period in the Caliphate's history,^[3] and Yazid took pride in his maternal Sufyanid descent, viewing himself superior to his Marwanid brothers.^[4] He was chosen by his paternal half-brother Caliph Sulayman (r. 715–717) as the second-in-line for the caliphate after their first cousin Umar II, who ruled from 717 to 720.^[2] Yazid acceded at the age of 29 following the death of Umar II on 9 February 720.^[2][5] Yazid II's pedigree united his father's Marwanid branch of the Umayyad dynasty, in power since 684, and the Sufyanid branch of Yazid I and the latter's father Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate.^[2]

Atika and Abd al-Malik had sons; Yazid II, Marwan al-Asghar, Mu'awiya and a daughter, Umm Kulthum.^[6][7] from their marriage.

However, Atika was known as she was a relative to twelve Umayyad caliphs out of fourteen^{[lower-alpha 1]}. This enabled her to take off her Hijab in front of them. No other known woman that had such number of mahrams between caliphs.^[8]

She survived the death of her grandson Al Walid II.^[9]

Caliphs related to her

The Caliphs who were related to her are:

See also

• Umm al-Banin bint Abd al-Aziz
• Fatima bint Abd al-Malik

Notes

References

Bibliography

• Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010). The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN 978-1-900934-13-8.
• Hinds, Martin, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIII: The Zenith of the Marwānid House: The Last Years of ʿAbd al-Malik and the Caliphate of al-Walīd, A.D. 700–715/A.H. 81–95. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1.
• Lammens, H. & Blankinship, Kh. Y. (2002). "Yazīd (II) b. ʿAbd al-Malik". In Bearman, P. J.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Heinrichs, W. P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume XI: W–Z (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 311. ISBN 978-90-04-12756-2.
• Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
• Powers, David S., ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIV: The Empire in Transition: The Caliphates of Sulaymān, ʿUmar, and Yazīd, A.D. 715–724/A.H. 96–105. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0072-2.