Auricularia nigricans
Auricularia nigricans on dead broadleaf tree, Bolivia
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Auriculariales
Family: Auriculariaceae
Genus: Auricularia
Species:
A. nigricans
Binomial name
Auricularia nigricans
(Fr.) Birkebak, Looney, & Sánchez-García (2013)
Synonyms
Species synonymy
  • Peziza nigrescens Sw. (1788)
  • Peziza nigricans Sw. (1806)
  • Peziza nigricans Fr. (1822)
  • Exidia hispidula Berk. (1839)
  • Hirneola nigra Fr. (1848)
  • Hirneola hispidula (Berk.) Berk. (1875)
  • Auricula hispidula (Berk.) Kuntze (1881)
  • Auricula nigra (Fr.) Kuntze (1881)
  • Lachnea nigra (Fr.) Sacc. (1899)
  • Auricularia nigra (Fr.) Earle. (1899)
  • Auricularia nigrescens (Sw.) Farlow (1905)
  • Auricularia hispidula (Berk.) Farlow (1905)
  • Hirneola nigricans (Fr.) P.W. Graff (1917)

Auricularia nigricans is a species of fungus in the family Auriculariaceae. Basidiocarps (fruitbodies} are gelatinous, ear-like, and grow on dead wood of broadleaf trees. It is an American species, known from Louisiana and the Caribbean south to Argentina, and was formerly confused with the similar Asian species Auricularia polytricha, originally described from India.

Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1788 as Peziza nigrescens by the Swedish botanist Olof Swartz, based on a collection he made from Jamaica. In a later publication he changed the name to Peziza nigricans, which was accepted by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries. For abstruse nomenclatural reasons, Fries's sanctioned name takes priority over Swartz's original name.[1] In his monograph of Auricularia species, American mycologist Bernard Lowy rejected the name as being "doubtful", preferring to call the species Auricularia polytricha.[2] Olof Swartz's original collection still exists, however, enabling the identity of his species to be confirmed.[1] Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Auricularia nigricans is distinct.[1][3]

Description

Auricularia nigricans forms thin, rubbery-gelatinous fruit bodies that are ear-shaped and up to 60 mm (2.4 in) across and 4 mm (0.16 in) thick. The fruitbodies occur singly or in clusters. The upper surface is densely tomentose and ash-grey to yellowish brown. The spore-bearing underside is smooth and pinkish to brown.[1]

Microscopic characters

The microscopic characters are typical of the genus Auricularia. The basidia are tubular, laterally septate, 50–75 × 3-6.5 µm. The spores are allantoid (sausage-shaped), 14.5–17 × 5–7 µm. The surface hairs are 650–1080 µm long.[1]

Similar species

Auricularia cornea is similar but has much shorter surface hairs 200–400 µm long.[1][3]

Habitat and distribution

Auricularia nigricans is a wood-rotting species, typically found on dead attached or fallen wood of broadleaf trees. It is widely distributed in the Americas, from Louisiana and the Caribbean south to Argentina,[1] but is not currently known elsewhere.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Looney, B. (2013). "Systematics of the genus Auricularia with an emphasis on species from the southeastern United States". North American Fungi. doi:10.2509/naf2013.008.006. ISSN 1937-786X.
  2. ↑ Lowy, B. (1952). "The genus Auricularia". Mycologia. 44 (5): 656–692. doi:10.1080/00275514.1952.12024226.
  3. 1 2 3 Wu F, Tohtirjap A, Fan L, Zhou L, Alvarenga RL, Gibertoni TB, Dai Y (2021). "Global diversity and updated phylogeny of Auricularia (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)". Journal of Fungi. 7 (11): 933. doi:10.3390/jof7110933. PMC 8625027. PMID 34829220.
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