During World War I, many German or German-sounding place names in Australia were changed due to anti-German sentiment.[1] The presence of German-derived place names was seen as an affront to the war effort at the time.

The names were often changed by being anglicised (such as Peterborough), or by being given new names of Aboriginal origin (Kobandilla, Karawirra) or in commemoration of notable soldiers (Kitchener and Holbrook) or World War I battlefields (Verdun, The Somme).

New South Wales

Old name New name Date of name change Notes
Bismarck Street (Canterbury) Cressy Street December 1914[2][3][4]
Bismarck Street (Kogarah) Kitchener Street 10 November 1914[5]
Deutschland Street (Canterbury) Onslow Street December 1914[2][3][4]
Germanton Holbrook 20 September 1915[6]
German's Hill Lidster 1 February 1916[6]
German Creek Empire Vale 1 May 1915[6]
Hamburger Street (Punchbowl) Victoria Road December 1914[2]
Kaiser Street (Canterbury) Mons Street December 1914[2][3][4]
Reuss Street (Merewether) Kilgour Avenue 14 January 1918[7] Newcastle section renamed 1918. Merewether Municipality section Reuss Street until 1938.[8]
Schlinkers Lane (Ultimo, Sydney) Bullecourt Lane 1917 No longer exists. Development on 428-466 Harris Street, Ultimo is named "Bullecourt Place".
Webber's Road (Kogarah) English Street 7 September 1915[9]

Queensland

Old name New name Date of name change Coordinates Notes
Bergen Murra Murra October 1916[10] 27°14′24″S 151°55′15″E / 27.24°S 151.9208°E / -27.24; 151.9208 (Bergen / Murra Murra) Bergen is a locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland. Murra Murra is a property within the locality (not to be confused with another property of the same name in the locality of Nebine)
Bergenside Neuve August 1916[10] 27°15′37″S 151°53′26″E / 27.2603°S 151.8906°E / -27.2603; 151.8906 (Bergenside / Neuve) Neuve is a village within the locality of Bergen. It surrounds the former railway station.
Bismarck Maclagan March 1916[10] 27°05′02″S 151°38′06″E / 27.0838°S 151.635°E / -27.0838; 151.635 (Bismarck / Maclagan)
Engelsburg Kalbar July 1916[10] 27°56′31″S 152°37′24″E / 27.9419°S 152.6233°E / -27.9419; 152.6233 (Engelsburg / Kalbar)
Fahley Kilbirnie 27°13′56″S 151°49′26″E / 27.2322°S 151.8238°E / -27.2322; 151.8238 (Fahley / Kilbirnie) [10]
Friezland Kuridala 21°06′10″S 140°22′57″E / 21.1027°S 140.3825°E / -21.1027; 140.3825 (Friezland / Kuridala) [10]
Gehrkevale Mount Mort 27°47′08″S 152°26′16″E / 27.7855°S 152.4377°E / -27.7855; 152.4377 (Gehkevale / Mount Mort) The Post Office was renamed Mount Grace in about September 1916, then Mount Mort in about November 1916[10]
German Gardens Belgian Gardens January 1915[11] 19°14′57″S 146°47′31″E / 19.2491°S 146.7919°E / -19.2491; 146.7919 (German Gardens / Belgian Gardens)
Gramzow Carbrook 27°39′36″S 153°12′50″E / 27.6599°S 153.2138°E / -27.6599; 153.2138 (Gramzow / Carbrook)
Hapsburg Kowbi October 1916[10] 25°10′43″S 152°13′47″E / 25.1786°S 152.2297°E / -25.1786; 152.2297 (Hapsburg / Kowbi) See Isis railway line
Hessenburg Ingoldsby September 1916[10] 27°44′12″S 152°15′59″E / 27.7366°S 152.2663°E / -27.7366; 152.2663 (Hessenburg / Ingoldsby))
Kirchheim Haigslea October 1916[10] 27°34′00″S 152°38′00″E / 27.5667°S 152.6333°E / -27.5667; 152.6333 (Kirchheim / Haigslea)
Marburg Townshend June 1917 27°34′02″S 152°35′41″E / 27.5672°S 152.5947°E / -27.5672; 152.5947 (Marburg / Townshend) reverted to Marburg in 1920[12]
Minden Frenchton October 1916 27°33′25″S 152°32′44″E / 27.5570°S 152.5455°E / -27.5570; 152.5455 (Minden / Frenchton) reverted to Minden in 1930[10]
Roessler Applethorpe 28°37′03″S 151°57′19″E / 28.6175°S 151.9552°E / -28.6175; 151.9552 (Roessler / Applethorpe) [10]
Teutoburg Witta 1916[10] 26°41′51″S 152°48′43″E / 26.6975°S 152.8119°E / -26.6975; 152.8119 (Teutoburg / Witta)

South Australia

The South Australian Nomenclature Act 1917 authorised the compilation and gazetting of a list of place-names contained in a report of the previous October prepared by a parliamentary "nomenclature committee", and authorised the Governor of South Australia, by proclamation, to "alter any place-name which he deems to be of enemy origin to some other name specified in the proclamation".[13] The table below includes the 69 changes gazetted on 10 January 1918.[14]

The Nomenclature Act 1935 restored the former names of the towns of Hahndorf and Lobethal, and the Adelaide suburb of Klemzig.[15] About 20 other names were reverted in the 1970s and 1980s; some of them were assigned to larger localities rather than reverting to the original place name, as also shown in the table.

Old name New name Date of name change Notes
Bartsch's Creek Yedlakoo Creek 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Bartsch Creek 1986
Berlin Rock Panpandie Rock 10 January 1918[14]
Bethanien Bethany 10 January 1918[14]
Bismarck Weeroopa 10 January 1918[14]
Blumberg Birdwood 10 January 1918[14]
Blumenthal Lakkari 10 January 1918[14]
Buchfelde[16] Loos 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Buchfelde
Cape Bauer Cape Wondoma 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Cape Bauer in 1948
Carlsruhe Kunden 10 January 1918[14]
Ehrenbreistein Mount Yerila 10 January 1918[17]
Ferdinand Creek[18] Ernabella Creek 10 January 1918[14]
Mount Ferdinand[18] Mount Warrabillinna 10 January 1918[14]
Friedrichstadt Tangari 10 January 1918[14]
Friedrichswalde Tarnma 10 January 1918[14]
Gebhardt's Hills Polygon Ridge 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Gebhardt Hills in 1986
German Creek Benara Creek 10 January 1918[17] Reverted in 1986
German Pass Tappa Pass 10 January 1918[14]
Germantown Hill Vimy Ridge 10 January 1918[14] Became part of Bridgewater; road name (only) reverted to Germantown Hill Road
Gottlieb's Well Parnggi Well 10 January 1918[14]
Grunberg Karalta 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Gruenberg in 1975
Grunthal Verdun 10 January 1918[14]
Hahndorf Ambleside 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Hahndorf in 1935[15]
Hasse's Mound Larelar Mound 10 January 1918[14]
Heidelberg Kobandilla 10 January 1918[14]
Hergott Springs Marree 10 January 1918[14]
Hildesheim Punthari 10 January 1918[14]
Hoffnungsthal Karawirra 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Hoffnungsthal in 1975
Hundred of Basedow[19] Hundred of French 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Homburg[20] Hundred of Haig 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Krichauff Hundred of Beatty 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Paech[21] Hundred of Cannawigara 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Pflaum[22] Hundred of Geegeela 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Rhine (North) Hundred of Jellicoe 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Rhine (South) Hundred of Jutland 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Scherk[23] Hundred of Sturdee 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Schomburgk[24] Hundred of Maude 10 January 1918[14]
Hundred of Von Doussa[25] Hundred of Allenby 10 January 1918[14]
Jaenschtown Kerkanya 10 January 1918[14]
Kaiserstuhl Mount Kitchener 10 January 1918[14] Renamed Kaiser's Seat in 1975; subsequently changed to Kaiserstuhl
Klaebes Kilto 10 January 1918[14]
Klemzig Gaza 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Klemzig in 1935;[15] football club retained the name Gaza
Krause Rock Marti Rock 10 January 1918[14]
Krichauff[26] Beatty 10 January 1918[14] Changed to Mount Mary 1940
Kronsdorf Kabminye 10 January 1918[14] Changed to Krondorf in 1975
Langdorf Kaldukee 10 January 1918[14] Incorporated in the bounded locality of Tanunda
Langmeil Bilyara (near Tanunda) 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Langmeil in 1975
Lobethal Tweedvale 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Lobethal in 1935[15]
Mount Meyer Mount Kauto 10 January 1918[14]
Muller's Hill Yandina Hill 10 January 1918[14]
Neudorf Mamburdi 10 January 1918[14] Reverted 1986, became part of Lobethal
Neukirch Dimchurch 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Neukirch in 1975
New Hamburg Willyaroo 10 January 1918[14]
New Mecklenburg Gomersal 10 January 1918[14]
Oliventhal Olivedale 10 January 1918[14] Became part of Birdwood
Petersburg Peterborough 10 January 1918[14] The Petersburg Times protested against the change until 1919.[27]
Rhine Park Kongolia 10 January 1918[14]
Rhine Hill Mons Hill 10 January 1918[14]
Rhine River North The Somme 10 January 1918[14] Changed to Somme Creek 1971
Rhine River South The Marne 10 January 1918[14] Changed to Marne River 1971
Rhine Villa Cambrai 10 January 1918[14]
Rosenthal Rosedale 10 January 1918[14]
Schoenthal Boongala 10 January 1918[14] Reverted 1986; incorporated in the bounded locality of Charleston
Seppelts[28] Dorrien 10 January 1918[14] Incorporated into the bounded locality of Nuriootpa
Schreiberhau Warre 10 January 1918[14] Reverted 1975
Siegersdorf Bultawilta 10 January 1918[14] Reverted in 1975; incorporated into the bounded locality of Tanunda
Steinfeld Stonefield 10 January 1918[14] Reverted 1986
Summerfeldt Summerfield 10 January 1918[14] Incorporated into the bounded locality of Palmer
Vogelsang's Corner Teerkoore 10 January 1918[14] Reverted to Vogelsang Corner 1986; incorporated into the bounded locality of Geranium Plains
Wusser's Nob Karun Nob 10 January 1918[14] Changed to Wusser Nob in 1983

Tasmania

Old name New name Date of name change Notes
Bismarck Collinsvale 1 July 1915[29]
Germantown Lilydale [30]

Victoria

Victorian stamp with Hochkirch postmark
Old name New name Date of name change Notes
Germantown Grovedale 1 March 1916[31]
Hochkirch Tarrington 1 March 1918[31]
Mount Bismarck Mount Kitchener
Reinholtz's PO Reynold's PO 5 November 1920[31]
Waldkirch Freshwater Creek (Anglesea Road, south-west of Grovedale)
Weinberg Road, Hawthorn Wattle Road
West Prussia Road, Wantirna Wantirna Road
Grünwald Arkona
Bismarck Avenue, Surrey Hills Warwick Avenue December 1918[32]
Bismarck Street (off Doncaster Road), Doncaster Victoria Street circa 1914[33]

Western Australia

Old name New name Date of name change Notes
Heidelberg Bickley [34]
Mueller Park Kitchener Park reverted to Mueller Park 1981

See also

References

  1. ↑ "German Place Names". The Mail (Adelaide). Vol. 5, no. 234. South Australia. 11 November 1916. p. 11. Retrieved 1 July 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Jervis, James (1951). A History of the Municipality of Canterbury. Canterbury, NSW: Municipality of Canterbury. pp. 97–98.
  3. 1 2 3 "THE KAISER GOES". Evening News. No. 14, 814. New South Wales, Australia. 1 December 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  4. 1 2 3 "ABOLISHING GERMAN NAMES". Evening News. No. 14, 826. New South Wales, Australia. 15 December 1914. p. 3. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  5. ↑ "KITCHENER-STREET". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 23, 976. New South Wales, Australia. 12 November 1914. p. 10. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. 1 2 3 Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List- NSW". Phoenix Auctions. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "CHANGING A GERMAN NAME". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. No. 13, 478. New South Wales, Australia. 15 January 1918. p. 6. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ↑ "SHOULD GERMAN NAMES BE CHANGED?". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 24, 974. New South Wales, Australia. 21 January 1918. p. 8. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ↑ "THE NAME OF A STREET". Barrier Miner. Vol. XXVIII, no. 8447. New South Wales, Australia. 14 September 1915. p. 1. Retrieved 22 December 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List- Queensland". Phoenix Auctions. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  11. ↑ "CHANGE FOR THE BETTER". Cairns Post (Qld. : 1909 - 1954). Qld.: National Library of Australia. 13 January 1915. p. 4. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  12. ↑ "Marburg (entry 20917)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  13. ↑ Nomenclature Act 1917 (SA)  
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 "Nomenclature Act 1917 Change of place names" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. Government of South Australia. 1918: 37. 10 January 1918. Retrieved 2 January 2021 – via AustLII.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Nomenclature Act (No 2231 of 1935)". Government of South Australia. p. 1. Retrieved 29 December 2018 – via AustLII.
  16. ↑ Named for geologist and philanthropist Leopold von Buch
  17. 1 2 "Changing Names". The Daily Herald. Vol. 8, no. 2437. South Australia. 11 January 1918. p. 2. Retrieved 10 December 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. 1 2 Named by Ernest Giles for botanist Ferdinand von Mueller.
  19. ↑ Named for M. F. Basedow MHA, MLC.
  20. ↑ Named for Robert Homburg MHA.
  21. ↑ Named for Friedrich Paech MHA.
  22. ↑ Named for Friedrich Pflaum MHA
  23. ↑ Named for Johann Theodor Scherk MHA
  24. ↑ Named for Moritz Richard Schomburgk, director of Adelaide Botanic Garden
  25. ↑ Named for Alfred von Doussa MLC.
  26. ↑ Named for F. E. H. W. Krichauff MLC.
  27. ↑ "Our New Title". The Times and Northern Advertiser, Peterborough, South Australia. National Library of Australia. 9 May 1919. p. 2. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
  28. ↑ Named for winemaker Joseph Ernst Seppelt
  29. ↑ Phoenix Auctionsl History. "Post Office List- Tasmania". Phoenix Auctions. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  30. ↑ "Lilydale". The Age. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  31. 1 2 3 Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List- Victoria". Phoenix Auctions. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
  32. ↑ "Camberwell City Council". Camberwell and Hawthorn Advertiser. 20 December 1918. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  33. ↑ Betty Smith nee Thiele resident at the time
  34. ↑ Phoenix Auctions History. "Post Office List- WA". Phoenix Auctions. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
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