BTS Skytrain
Overview
Native nameBangkok Mass Transit System
OwnerBangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)
LocaleBangkok, Thailand
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines3[1]
Number of stations64 (2 shared)
Daily ridership747,325[2] (average weekday ridership)
Websitewww.bts.co.th/eng/index.html
Operation
Began operation5 December 1999 (1999-12-05)
Operator(s)Bangkok Mass Transit System
Public Company Limited
Number of vehiclesSiemens Modular Metro
EMU-A1 : 35 (4 car) trains
Siemens–Bozankaya
EMU-A2 : 22 (4 car) trains
CNR Changchun
EMU-B1 : 12 (4 car) trains
EMU-B2 : 5 (4 car) trains
CRRC Changchun
EMU-B3 : 24 (4 car) trains
Technical
System length70.05 km (43.53 mi); 92 km (planned)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC third rail
Average speed35 km/h (22 mph)
Top speed80 km/h (50 mph)

The Bangkok Mass Transit System, commonly known as the BTS Skytrain (Thai: รถไฟฟ้าบีทีเอส RTGS: rot fai fa [BTS]), is an elevated rapid transit system in Bangkok, Thailand. It is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System PCL (BTSC), a subsidiary of BTS Group Holdings, under a concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) which owns the lines. The system consists of 62 stations along three lines with a combined route length of 70.05 kilometers (43.53 mi). The BTS Sukhumvit Line running northwards and south-eastwards, terminating at Khu Khot and Kheha respectively. The BTS Silom Line which serves Silom and Sathon Roads, the central business district of Bangkok, terminates at National Stadium and Bang Wa. The Gold Line people mover runs from Krung Thon Buri to Klong San and serves Iconsiam. The lines interchange at Siam station and Krung Thon Buri. The system is formally known as "The Elevated Train in Commemoration of HM the King's 6th Cycle Birthday" (รถไฟฟ้าเฉลิมพระเกียรติ 6 รอบ พระชนมพรรษา).

Besides the three BTS lines, Bangkok's rapid transit system includes the underground and elevated Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) lines, the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT), and the elevated Airport Rail Link (ARL), serving several stations before reaching Suvarnabhumi Airport, and the SRT Red Lines of the State Railway of Thailand.

History

Map of Bangkok urban transit systems
Skytrain departing Sala Daeng station
Interior of a train
A typical BTS station platform, showing platform screen doors

Plans for mass transit in Bangkok began in the early-1980s. An early version of the Skytrain project was known as the Lavalin Skytrain because it was designed using the Vancouver SkyTrain as a model, adopting technology developed by SNC-Lavalin. Due to political interference, the concession with Lavalin was cancelled in June 1992,[3] despite Bangkok's chronic traffic congestion. The Thai Government focused on increasing road and expressway infrastructure in an attempt to reduce the congestion. This had little impact as the number of cars on the road continued to increase dramatically. The routes considered as part of the Skytrain project would become the basis for the MRT system and are mainly underground. In the early-1990s, foundations and a viaduct for the Lavalin Skytrain were constructed in the middle of the Phra Pok Klao Bridge across the Chao Phraya River. The planned metro bridge remains unused but may become part of the MRT's future Purple Line.

Another abortive attempt at building an elevated rail network was the Bangkok Elevated Road and Train System (BERTS), which was terminated in 1998 after only 13.77 percent had been completed.[4]

Shortly after it became clear that the Lavalin Skytrain had stalled, then-Governor Major General Chamlong Srimuang asked his deputy, Captain Kritsada Arunwong na Ayutthaya, to create a new feeder system with a route along Sukhumvit and Silom Roads. Krisda and his team from the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) succeeded in finding a private investor. Krisda also convinced everyone concerned to allow the city supervise the project. Keeree Kanjanapas founded the Bangkok Transit System Corporation (BTSC) and it successfully financed the system and grew it from a feeder system to a full mass transit project. Thanayong Public Company Limited[5] Thai: บริษัท ธนายง จำกัด (มหาชน)) had a 28 percent stake in BTSC when the Skytrain began, and therefore in its early days the system was sometimes referred to as the "Thanayong Skytrain".

Siemens, the supplier of the railway technology, and the Thai contractor, Italian Thai Development, built the system for BTSC. The "Skytrain" name was bestowed later by the press following the Vancouver example where the elevated metro had been named "Skytrain". Originally, the Skytrain depot was to be built underneath Lumphini Park, but due to widespread objections from Bangkok residents it was constructed on a parcel of land on Phahonyothin Road, replacing the old northern/northeastern bus terminal (Mo Chit). The current depot at Mo Chit is part of the proposed "Bangkok Terminal" project, where a large complex composed of a new regional bus terminal, park and ride facility, and other commercial development can be built directly above it.

The Skytrain system was opened on 5 December 1999[6] by Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. It initially had lower-than-predicted ridership, with 200,000 passenger trips per day. Ticket revenue was only enough to meet the trains' operating cost, and not sufficient to service construction loans. The Skytrain's daily passenger numbers have steadily increased since then. On 9 December 2005, more than 500,000 single trips were made on the Skytrain on a single day for the first time. By September 2012, the Skytrain served around 600,000 passengers on an average day, increasing to 650,000 on an average weekday in 2013. A record 760,000 passengers traveled on Sunday, 22 December 2013, a day of mass political protest in Bangkok.[7] The normal Sunday average is 400,000 passengers. The BTS had a fleet of 52 four-car trains (208 carriages) by 2017. 46 new four-car trains (184 carriages) were ordered to address growing capacity requirements of the existing lines to cater for the Sukhumvit Line extensions south to Kheha and north to Khu Khot. They were delivered from 2018 to 2020.[8]: 51 

On March 5, 2020, the BTS made a song about the COVID-19 pandemic, as an antidote to the grim warnings about the coronavirus, showing the staff dancing and keeping hygiene.[9][10]

Station layout

Exterior view of Wongwian Yai station
The upper platform at Siam interchange station, for north- and west-bound trains

All of the system's stations are elevated and constructed on three levels.[11] The street level provides access to the station proper via stairs and often escalators and lifts. Supporting utility equipment (generators, water tanks) are usually located at this level on traffic islands.

The first elevated level of the stations contains the ticket booths, some small kiosk-like shops, and fare gates. The second level (and third at Siam station) is again accessed with stairs, lifts and escalators and contains the platforms and rails. With the exception of Siam Station, Ha Yaek Lat Phrao station and Samrong, the stations follow a side platform layout. Siam Station uses island platforms to facilitate cross-platform interchange between the two lines. The distances between doors are equal throughout the train, regardless of whether they are in the same or different cars, and the locations where the doors will be after the train has stopped are marked on the platform. The platforms are built to accommodate trains of six cars,[12] but trains of only four cars are in operation. Security personnel are stationed at every platform and ticketing hall.

Five Skytrain stations, Sala Daeng, Asok, Ha Yaek Lat Phrao, Bang Wa and Mo Chit, are interchanges with the MRT system. Saphan Taksin station is connected to the adjacent Sathon Pier where the Chao Phraya Express Boat services call.[13] Many stations are linked by skybridges (overhead pedestrian walkways) to neighbouring buildings and public amenities.

Platform screen doors (half size) are installed at On Nut, Phrom Phong, Asok, Chit Lom, Siam, Thong Lor, Phaya Thai, Victory Monument, Sala Daeng, and Chong Nonsi stations from 2014 to present .[14] These will eventually be installed at all stations. The installation at Phrom Phrong station caused a software problem and a six-hour shutdown of all BTS services on 24 December 2013, leading to gridlock in the city.[15]

Ticketing

Ticketing machine, at Mo Chit station

Fares are calculated according to distance.[16] From 2007 a stored-value card called the BTS Smartpass was sold.[17] In May 2012, this was replaced by a new stored-value ticket called Rabbit Card. This is an electronic payment card system that allows holders to pay for the fee of BTS and BRT with only one card.[18] Rabbit Cards can also be used to pay for other services and restaurants that are associated with BTS.[19]

Single tickets can be purchased at ticket machines. The ticket is tapped on the way in, but inserted to be swallowed when leaving the paid area.

The Mangmoom Card which is intended to be used on the Skytrain, MRT and Airport Rail Link was repeatedly delayed from its original 2015 launch date and is not currently valid on the BTS.[20]

At present, two of the Bangkok train systems (Skytrain, and Airport Rail Link) require separate tickets to be purchased to travel around the network. Only MRT and SRT Red Line accept EMV (Europay, Mastercard, and Visa) contactless that passengers can tap your credit/debit card directly to enter the gate.

BTS Network

At its opening, the BTS had 23 stations on its two lines: 17 on the Sukhumvit Line and 7 on the Silom Line, with both lines interchanging at Siam. Since then, 30 additional stations have opened on the Sukhumvit Line and 6 on the Silom Line, with the latest new three stations at Gold Line.

Line Stations Length
[km]		 Length
[mi]		 Terminus Daily
ridership		 Began operation
Initial part Last extension
 BTS  Sukhumvit Line4754.25 33.71 Khu Khot ↔ Kheha19992020
 BTS  Silom Line1414 8.7National Stadium ↔ Bang Wa19992021
 MRL  Gold Line31.8 1.1 Krung Thon Buri ↔ Khlong San20202020
Total64 (2 shared)70.05 43.53 655,991[2]

BTS route extensions

In 2002, the cabinet of then Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra amended laws in order to allow private firms to finance the cost of operating the train system, while the government would undertake civil engineering works to build new extensions.

Timeline of BTS openings

  • 5 December 1999 Sukhumvit Line: Mo Chit – On Nut; Silom Line: National Stadium – Saphan Taksin
  • 15 May 2009 Silom Line: Saphan Taksin (S06) – Wong Wian Yai (S08)
  • 12 August 2011 Sukhumvit Line: On Nut (E09) – Bearing (E14)
  • 12 January 2013 Silom Line: Wong Wian Yai (S08) – Pho Nimit (S09)[21]
  • 14 February 2013 Silom Line: Pho Nimit (S09) – Talat Phlu (S10)
  • 5 December 2013 Silom Line: Talat Phlu (S10) – Bang Wa (S12)
  • 3 April 2017 Sukhumvit Line: Bearing (E14) – Samrong (E15)
  • 6 December 2018 Sukhumvit Line: Samrong (E15) – Kheha Samut Prakan (E23)
  • 9 August 2019 Sukhumvit Line: Mo Chit (N8) – Ha Yaek Lat Phrao (N9)
  • 4 December 2019 Sukhumvit Line: Ha Yaek Lat Phrao (N9) – Kasetsart University (N13)
  • 5 June 2020 Sukhumvit Line: Kasetsart University (N13) – Wat Phra Sri Mahathat (N17)
  • 16 December 2020 Sukhumvit Line: Wat Phra Sri Mahathat (N17) – Khu Khot (N24)
  • 8 February 2021 Silom Line: Saint Louis (S4, infill station)
The Surasak BTS station passes through Sathon, a business district of Bangkok.

1st extension – Silom Line south to Wong Wian Yai (2009)

On 18 October 2005, with no approval from the central government forthcoming, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) decided to fund and complete the 2.2 kilometers (1.4 mi) Silom Line route extension to Krung Thonburi Station (S07) and Wongwian Yai Station (S08). Construction began on 13 December 2005 with completion originally expected within two years. However, problems with the tendering and installation of a new Bombardier open signalling system repeatedly pushed back the schedule. The extension finally opening on 15 May 2009. However, the single platform Saphan Taksin station which has only one track, has caused repeated delays during rush hour. In 2012, the BMA announced plans to demolish Saphan Taksin station in the future. There are now plans to construct new platforms and remove the bottleneck and keep the station which provides an important link between river boats. The plan includes redesigning the road bridges either side of the viaduct to fit the new station.

2nd extension – Sukhumvit Line east to Bearing (2011)

A second extension, the 5.25 km On Nut station (E09) to Bearing station (E14) started construction in August 2006.[22] The 4 billion baht extension was again funded by the BMA.[23] The original scheduled opening date was mid-2009. However, an unusual, prolonged delay in the tendering of the contract for the electrical and signals resulted in a two-year delay. "The senior City Hall official responsible for making the purchase has apparently stalled the scheme over fears of being investigated if something went wrong with the purchase."[24]

The BTSC was contracted by the BMA to run the extension. Subsequently, the extension did not open until over two years later on 12 August 2011. The delay in opening prompted the BMA to offer free travel for this extension until the end of 2011 as compensation. A flat fare separate from the distance based fare normal in the BTS network was then charged for this section. However, distance based fares are now used for this extension.

3rd extension – Silom Line south to Bang Wa (2013)

The third extension to the network, a 5.3 km, four station extension from Wongwian Yai (S8) to Bang Wa (S12) in Phasi Charoen District began construction in the 2nd quarter of 2011 with a deadline of the end of 2012. Only the stations had to be constructed as the viaduct had been completed some years prior. However, construction was delayed for many months by the Bangkok floods of late 2011. It eventually opened in stages. Pho Nimit opened on 12 January 2013, Talat Phlu opened on 14 February 2013, with the last two stations opening on 5 December 2013.[25] For most of 2013, passengers changed platforms and trains at Wongwian Yai for a shuttle service to S09 and S10 as there was no turnout at S10 for through trains. Since the opening of the final section of the extension to Bang Wa station on 5 December 2013, this is no longer the case.

4th extension – Sukhumvit Line east to Kheha (2017-2018)

Construction started in April 2012 for a 12.6 km (7.8 mi), seven station extension from Bearing station (E14) to Samut Prakan Station (E23). The extension is being built by Ch. Karnchang.[26] Two stations (E18 & E22) will be built at a later date. The extension was funded by the MRTA as it is outside BMA city limits. The extension was planned to open in 2017. In April 2013, the MRTA awarded Ch Karnchang the contract for track laying and electrical systems.[27] Construction was completed in 2017, but arguments over who should operate the line delayed the opening. One station, Samrong opened earlier, on 3 April 2017. The full extension opened on 6 December 2018 and the BTSC has announced that the free travel concession on this section will continue until the new train sets arrive to allow for the new section to be fully functional.

5th extension – Sukhumvit Line north to Khu Khot (2019-2020)

  • 1) Mo Chit station to Saphan Mai: 11.4 km, 12 stations (N9–N20).
  • 2) Saphan Mai to Khu Khot: 7.5 km, four stations (N21-N24).

An 11.4 km, 12 station northern extension from Mo Chit station to Saphan Mai in Don Mueang District has been planned since the Sukhumvit Line opened. Originally, this extension was scheduled to be completed by 2008. However, due to a combination of changes in government, a prolonged environmental study, and problems with locating a suitable train depot, the extension has been continually delayed.

A further 16.5 km, nine station extension from Saphan Mai to Lam Lukka was also planned once the extension to Saphan Mai had been completed. This was subsequently split into two extensions. A 7.5 km, four station extension to Khu Khot and a 9 km, five station extension along Lam Lukka Road to Lam Lukka.

Due to the significant delay in the northern extension plans, in mid-2013 it was decided by the MRTA to tender extensions (1) & (2) at the same time by the end of 2013. However, the dissolution of parliament in November 2013 delayed this yet again. A tender was finally released in January 2014[28] with an April deadline before being delayed until late May 2014 due to concerns from bidders.[29]

A military coup in late-May suspended the bidding process while the military administration reviewed all major projects. In late-June, the military administration affirmed the tender which will proceed before the end of 2014. In mid-August, the MRTA announced that the new tender deadline would be 30 September 2014.[30] Five bidders qualified with successful bids to be announced by December.[31] The contract to construct the line for both extensions (1) & (2) was finally signed in April 2015 and the full extension was scheduled to open in 2020.[32][33]

Testing of the final 9.8 km, 7 station section from Wat Phra Sri Mahathat (N17) to Khu Khot (N24) began on 5 October and continued until the full extension opens.[34] It was officially inaugurated on 16 December 2020 by the Prime Minister.[35]

Opening dates

  1. The first section to Ha Yaek Lat Phrao station (N9) opened on 9 August 2019;
  2. the next 4 stations from Ha Yaek Lat Phrao station (N9) to Kasetsart University (N13) opened on 4 December 2019;
  3. further 4 stations from Kasetsart University (N13) to Wat Phra Sri Mahathat (N17) opened on 5 June 2020;
  4. the remaining section of 9.8 km and 7 stations from Wat Phra Sri Mahathat (N17) to Khu Khot (N24) opened on 16 December 2020.

Saint Louis (S4) infill station – Silom Line (2021)

In 2018, it was decided to finally build the missing Saint Louis (S4) station (originally named Sueksa Wittaya), the EIA was finalised in March 2019.[36] Construction of the station began in August 2019 and by the end of 2019 had reached 25% progress.[37] By August 2020, construction had reached 50% but was 30% behind schedule due to COVID related delays.[38]

The station opened on 8 February 2021.[39]

Future extension plans

BTS Group Holdings will tender to operate more BTS and MRT lines in the future through financing from its BTS Rail Mass Transit Growth Infrastructure Fund after it received approval from the Thai Securities and Exchange Commission in March 2013. The IPO raised US$2.1 billion, the largest in Thailand's history.[40]

Sukhumvit Line, north

A further 9 km, five station extension from Khu Khot station to Wongwaen-Lam Luk Ka station is planned to be constructed by 2029.

Sukhumvit Line, east

  • A further 7 km, five-station extension from Kheha station to Bang Pu station is planned to be constructed by 2029.
  • A spur line from Bang Na to Suvarnabhumi Airport (terminating at future South Passenger Terminal of Suvarnabhumi Airport). However, this may also be built as a light rail.

Silom Line, south

After the opening of Wutthakat (S11) and Bang Wa (S12) stations 5 December 2013, the BMA announced a new proposal to further extended the Silom Line by 7 km from Bang Wa (S12) station, by six stations to Taling Chan.[41] At Taling Chan it would connect with the SRT Light Red line.

A public hearing was held in 2015.[42] Three route options were considered, with construction intended to start in 2017.[43] Part of the basis for this further extension by the BMA is that it would provide proximate access to the Southern Bus Terminal. The BMA Transport and Traffic Office completed an economic evaluation of the extension in October 2018 which found a cost benefit ratio of 2.37.[44] The study recommended that an EIA be completed in 2019 but this was delayed.

In 2022, Department of Rail Transport ("DRT") was announced that the Silom Line will be part of the new M-Map 2 action plan. This plan will be extended the Silom Line from Bang Wa (S12) to Bang Rak Noi Tha It (S23) on the Ratchaphruek road by 18 kilometers and 11 stations. The first part of the extension will be end at Taling Chan (S16) to connect with the SRT Light Red line. The second part of the extension will be end at Bang Rak Noi Tha It (S23) in Nonthaburi province to connect with the MRT Purple Line at current MRT station. In this extension, DRT proposed the new main depot to separate the system depot from the Sukhumvit Line. Which make the Silom Line will be completely standalone system. However, the extension will be start until the Saphan Taksin station (S6) was renovated into double track.

Silom Line, west

The Silom Line is planned to be extended by one or two stations west along Rama 1 from National Stadium (W1) to link with the SRT Dark Red Line at Yot Se station. However, no time frame for this extension has been announced and this section of the SRT Dark Red Line will not be built until after 2022.

Originally, the plan was to extend the Silom Line west from National Stadium into Chinatown, then north to Democracy Monument where it would then run west to Rattanakosin Island and Sanum Luang, tunnel under the river to the Thonburi side before terminating at Phran Nok. However, this plan was shelved in 2009 and much of this route has been replaced by routing changes to the planned MRT Orange Line.

BTS Skytrain extensions
Line Colour Terminal Length /km Number of stations Status
Sukhumvit Line extension Light Green Kheha Samut Prakan Bang Pu 7 km (4.3 mi) 4 Planned
Khu Khot Eastern Outer Ring 9 km (5.6 mi) 4 Planned
Silom Line extension Dark Green National Stadium Yot Se 2 km (1.2 mi) 1–2 Planned
Bang Wa Bang Rak Noi Tha It 18 km (11 mi) 11 Action plan

Terminal stations

Terminal stations and physical ends of their lines are Khu Khot, Kheha, National Stadium, Bang Wa.

Some trains terminate early and resume travel in the opposite direction at Kasetsart University, Mo Chit, and Samrong. This allows more frequent trains on the central sections of the lines without added investment in carriages.

Rolling stock

The BTS Skytrain uses two variations of electric multiple unit rolling stock. All operate on 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge. All trains have four doors on each side per car, an air-conditioning unit, and LCD monitors for public announcement and advertising. Public announcements are spoken by actress Ratklao Amaradit. The power supply for all trains is at 750 V DC from the third rail.

Siemens trains

First order (EMU-A1)

Siemens Modular Metro train (EMU-A1)

The rolling stock of BTS Skytrain, in use when the line opened in 1999, consisted of 35 Siemens Modular Metro trains from Siemens. These initial trains had three cars, two motor cars and one trailer in the center. The Sukhumvit Line used 20 trains, and the Silom Line had 15.

After the 12 new car CNR trains were delivered for the Silom Line in December 2010, the 15 Siemens trains on the Silom Line were transferred to the Sukhumvit Line.

Second order: extra cars to expand to four-car train operations (EMU-A1)

To increase capacity, in October 2010, BTSC ordered an extra 35 single cars from Siemens to make each train a four car set.[45][46]

These extra cars were progressively introduced into operation from November 2012 to March 2013, when all 35 sets of Siemens rolling stock finally became four car sets.[47]

The Silom Line cars have been modified to support a signaling system from Bombardier Transportation since the extension from Saphan Taksin to Wong Wian Yai.

Third order: new four-car sets for extension operations (EMU-A2)

Siemens-Bozankaya consortium train (EMU-A2)

To serve the Sukhumvit Line Extension (East) BTSC ordered 22 new Siemens-Bozankaya EMU four-car trains from a consortium of Siemens and Bozankaya in May 2016.[48]

These trains were manufactured in the Bozankaya factory in Ankara, Turkey. Siemens supplied bogies, traction, braking and auxiliary systems and was responsible for project management, development, construction and commissioning of the trains. Siemens will also take on service and maintenance for 16 years.

The first set of the new batch of rolling stock arrived in early August 2018 for testing and approval by the BTSC. These new trains increase capacity from 1,490 passengers per train to 1,573.[49][50] As of the opening of the new Sukhumvit Line extension to Kheha Samut Prakan on 6 December 2018, only 3 sets of the 22 sets had been delivered. This resulted in a limited 10-minute frequency, shuttle service for the new extension as an interim measure until more rolling stock is delivered.

The train features : Perch Seats, LCD Dynamic Route Map (AKA. Passengers Information Display)

CNR Changchun trains

First order (EMU-B1)

Changchun Railway Vehicles train (EMU-B1, EMU-B2)

In early 2008, the BTSC ordered 12 new trains (12 sets of four cars) from Changchun Railway Vehicles (EMU B class) to cater for the then soon to open Wong Wian Yai extension of the Silom Line. Their design was modified to the existing BTS's Siemens Modular Metro. The new trains were delivered late and only began service the Silom Line in December 2010. This was some 18 months after the Wong Wian Yai and Krung Thonburi stations were opened in May 2009 during which time there was severe overcrowding on the Silom Line.

These trains consist of two-motor cars and two-trailer cars (i.e., four-car trainsets) and feature LCD TVs for public announcements and advertising. An advanced digital voice announcement (DVA) and passenger information systems was installed.

Second order (EMU-B2)

In September 2011, the BTSC ordered five more four-car trainsets of CNR rolling stock for 1.5 billion baht to prepare for the Silom Line extension to Bang Wa which was then due to open in December 2012.[51] These five new train sets of rolling stock entered service on 29 November 2013 after the first two stations of the Silom Line extension to Bang Wa opened in January and February 2013, respectively. This second batch of CNR EMUs (B Class) differ slightly from the first batch in exterior fitting out such as with the LCDs screens, LED route displays, signage, and passenger communication units.

CRRC Changchun trains (EMU-B3)

Changchun Railway Vehicles train (EMU-B3)

In May 2016, BTSC has signed a contract to order 24 more four-car trains of CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles rolling stock to prepare for the Sukhumvit Line extension (North) and to cater for increasing demand, with expected delivery in 2018.[48]

It has delivered 24 of its cars to Mo Chit Depot. 24 cars are now operating its service on the Silom Line and Sukhumvit Line (Car 75–98)

This train features : Perch Seats, LCD Dynamic Route Map (AKA. Passengers Information Display)

Ridership

The first years of operations saw limited ridership. The line had few direct ramps into malls and lacked escalators. Little by little, while escalators were installed and side bridges added, patronage increased. The opening of Siam Paragon Mall in 2004, at the time Thailand's most luxurious mall, boosted crowds at the system's central Siam station. The redevelopment of the Ratchaprasong and Siam districts as well as new "skywalks" fostered growing accessibility.

Ridership grew steadily with incremental expansion of the lines, and at peak hour, the trains sometimes depart without being able to take all waiting passengers. Average daily ridership first surpassed 200,000 in June 2001, 300,000 in November 2003, 400,000 in March 2006, 500,000 in August 2011, 600,000 in August 2013 and 700,000 in November 2017.[2] Ridership decreased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.

Average daily ridership on the BTS Skytrain 2006–2018[2]

Ridership statistics

Year[2] Total ridership Average daily ridership
1999 4,585,743 169,842
2000 55,092,671 150,469
2001 74,025,652 202,685
2002 93,493,981 256,033
2003 102,348,697 280,379
2004 115,681,448 316,068
2005 127,350,084 348,795
2006 140,048,849 383,635
2007 132,070,502 361,977
2008 136,350,007 372,551
2009 140,957,969 386,145
2010 143,102,971 392,376
2011 167,348,070 458,275
2012 194,113,068 530,422
2013 208,764,971 571,855
2014 219,422,367 598,984
2015 229,853,593 629,218
2016 237,047,435 647,752
2017 241,067,194 657,784
2018 240,139,471 658,123
2019 247,600,000 678,500
2021 108,173,568 296,365

Stations

Busiest stations[52]
No.StationYear total passengers (2021)[53]
1Siam6,160,924
2Asok5,542,521
3Mo Chit5,166,915
4On Nut4,238,083
5Victory Monument4,193,569
6 Ha Yaek Lat Phrao 4,181,874
7 Phrom Phong 3,664,227
8 Samrong 3,186,681
9 Chit Lom 3,154,058
10 Sala Daeng 3,043,054
Least-used stations
No. Station Year total passengers (2021)[53]
1 Royal Thai Air Force Museum 171,534
2 Sai Luat 280,772
3 Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital 321,744
4 Pho Nimit 328,396
5 Srinagarindra 472,787

Network map

See also

References

  1. ↑ "BTS SkyTrain System – Structure of Routes and Stations". Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. Archived from the original on 20 June 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "BTS Ridership". BTS Group Holdings Public Company Limited. Archived from the original on 3 May 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
  3. ↑ Unger, Danny (28 September 1998). Building Social Capital in Thailand: Fibers, Finance and Infrastructure. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521639316.
  4. ↑ Tribune, Thomas Crampton (14 October 1998). "Thais Revisit a Troubled Mass-Transit Project". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  5. ↑ "Our History". BTS Group Holdings Public Company Limited. Archived from the original on 26 December 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  6. ↑ Mydans, Seth (6 December 1999). "Bangkok Opens Skytrain, but Will It Ease Car Traffic?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  7. ↑ 'Trains gain as rallies clog roads', Bangkok Post, 26 December 2013
  8. ↑ BTS Group Holdings Annual Report 2017/18 (PDF). Bangkok: BTS Group Holdings PCL. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  9. ↑ COVID-19_BTS, archived from the original on 10 March 2020, retrieved 9 March 2020
  10. ↑ agency, AFP news (8 March 2020). "VIDEO: In a Thai antidote to the grim warnings over the #coronavirus, Bangkok's overground train service (BTS) releases a jaunty track named 'COVID-19: Dance Against The Virus'pic.twitter.com/b0MuD20ZTJ". @AFP. Archived from the original on 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  11. ↑ "Structure of Routes and Stations". Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Company Limited. Archived from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  12. ↑ UK, DVV Media. "Skytrain takes off with a bang". Railway Gazette. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  13. ↑ "Explore Bangkok by BTS : BTSC". www.bts.co.th. Archived from the original on 30 November 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  14. ↑ "BTS stations to get platform doors". Bangkok Post. 17 September 2012. Retrieved 17 September 2012.
  15. ↑ "Commuters caught in chaos after Skytrain shuts down in morning". The Nation. Bangkok. 25 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "Ticket Info : BTSC". www.bts.co.th. Archived from the original on 20 November 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  17. ↑ "Ticket Info : BTSC". www.bts.co.th. Archived from the original on 6 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  18. ↑ "What is Rabbit". Bangkok Smartcard System Company Limited (BSS). Archived from the original on 29 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  19. ↑ "BTS Rabbit Cards". Bangkok BTS. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  20. ↑ Mahitthirook, Amornrat (19 February 2012). "One-ticket system for BTS and MRT expected by 2015". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  21. ↑ "Sukhumbhand woos commuters". The Nation. nationmultimedia.com. 16 January 2013. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  22. ↑ Groundbreaking starts on new BTS extension, Daily News, 15 August 2006
  23. ↑ BTS extension budget cut, Bangkok Post, 15 December 2006
  24. ↑ Skytrain link tests delayed, Bangkok Post, 19 September 2009
  25. ↑ "BTS Skytrain starts it's [sic] new station Pho Nimit today and comimg more near to metro park sathorn". metroparksathorn.com. 12 January 2013. Archived from the original on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  26. ↑ "Ch. Karnchang wins Green Line bid". Bangkok Post. 14 November 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  27. ↑ "Ch Karnchang gets Phase 2 of Bearing-Samut Prakan route" The Nation, 13 April 2013
  28. ↑ http://www.mrta.co.th/sysRegister/register131217/proc17122556.pdf Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  29. ↑ http://www.prachachat.net/news_detail.php?newsid=1401076541 Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine "รฟม.ปรับทีโออาร์หมอชิต-คูคต กลางปี59 เปิดให้บริการสายสีม่วง" Prachachat News, 26 May 2014
  30. ↑ (มหาชน), บริษัท มติชน จำกัด. "รฟม.เร่งยิกประมูลรถไฟฟ้าสายสีเขียว "หมอชิต-คูคต" 2.9 หมื่นล้าน ดีเดย์ 30 ก.ย. เปิดยื่นซองราคา". Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  31. ↑ (มหาชน), บริษัท มติชน จำกัด. "5กลุ่มบริษัทผ่านคุณสมบัติสร้างรถไฟสีเขียว คาดหาผู้รับเหมาได้ไม่เกินต้นปี58". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  32. ↑ สร้างรถไฟฟ้าไปคูคตเซ็นสัญญาวันนี้ลงพื้นที่กลางปี Archived 19 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Dailynews, 3 April 2015
  33. ↑ Bangkok Sukhumvit Line extension contracts Archived 20 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Railway Gazette, 13 April 2015
  34. ↑ "BTS tests Green Line trains at 7 new stations before public opening at year-end". The Nation. 7 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
  35. ↑ "Bangkok metro extension opens". Metro Report International. DVV Media International Ltd. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  36. ↑ "ไฟเขียว BTS ขึ้นค่าตั๋วส่วนต่อขยาย 16 เมษาฯ เร่งเชื่อม'หมอชิต-เซ็นทรัลลาดพร้าว' สิงหาฯนี้". Prachachat. Bangkok. 4 March 2019. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  37. ↑ "20 ปีบีทีเอสจาก 35 ขบวนจ่อ 98 ขบวน ปีที่ 21 ของรถไฟฟ้าสายแรกเมืองไทย". Thairath. Bangkok. 30 December 2019. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  38. ↑ "บีทีเอส"สร้างครึ่งทางแล้วเปิดต้นปี 64". Dailynews. Bangkok. 25 August 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2020.
  39. ↑ "BTS 'Ghost Station' Opens After Charging Fare for 22 Years". Khaosod English. Bangkok: Matichon Pcl. 8 February 2021. Archived from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
  40. ↑ Maierbrugger, Arno (17 March 2013). "Thailand's largest ever IPO a done deal". Inside Investor. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  41. ↑ "One month free on metro between Taksin and Bang Wa". Thai Rath. 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  42. ↑ "BTS Silom Line extension to Taling Chan moves forward". Coconuts Bangkok. 5 March 2015. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  43. ↑ "Skytrain looks West". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
  44. ↑ "เกาะติดเมกะโปรเจ็กต์ : รถไฟฟ้าสายสีเขียว (บางหว้า-ตลิ่งชัน) ยกระดับคุณภาพชีวิตด้านการเดินทาง". Thansettakij.com. Bangkok. 25 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  45. ↑ "Bangkok's Skytrain increases train fleet". International Railway Journal. 11 October 2010. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  46. ↑ Wiriyapong, Nareerat (29 August 2012). "Sukhumvit BTS line to get four-car trains in October". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 29 November 2012.
  47. ↑ "News & Events – BTS takes delivery of new train cars from SIEMENS". BTS Group Holdings Public Company Limited. 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  48. 1 2 Siemens and CRRC trains for Bangkok Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Metro Report International 20 May 2016
  49. ↑ "First of new BTS trains to undergo testing". The Bangkok Post. 7 August 2018.
  50. ↑ Siemens and Bozankaya roll out Bangkok Skytrain vehicle Archived 25 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Metro Report International 19 June 2018
  51. ↑ "More 4-car trains on BTS shopping list". The Bangkok Post. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
  52. ↑ "เปิดโผท็อปไฟฟ์สถานีบีทีเอส "สยาม-อโศก-หมอชิต" ทะลุแสนคน" [Revealed! Top 5 BTS Stations. Siam-Asok-Mo Chit above 100,000 per day]. ประชาชาติธุรกิจ [Nation] (in Thai). 20 April 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  53. 1 2 "สถิติจำนวนผู้โดยสารที่ใช้บริการรถไฟฟ้าระบบขนส่งมวลชนกรุงเทพ (รถไฟฟ้า BTS)". Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
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