Khaltmaagiin Battulga
Халтмаагийн Баттулга
Battulga in 2018
5th President of Mongolia
In office
10 July 2017 – 25 June 2021
Prime MinisterJargaltulgyn Erdenebat
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
Preceded byTsakhiagiin Elbegdorj
Succeeded byUkhnaagiin Khürelsükh
Minister of Industry and Agriculture
In office
2012–2014
Prime MinisterNorovyn Altankhuyag
Preceded byPost established
Succeeded bySharavdorjiin Tüvdendorj
Minister of Road, Transport, Construction and Urban development
In office
2008–2012
Prime MinisterSanjaagiin Bayar
Sükhbaataryn Batbold
Preceded byTserendashiin Tsolmon
Succeeded byTsedeviin Dashdorj
Member of the State Great Khural
In office
2004–2008
ConstituencyBayankhongor Province
In office
2008–2012
ConstituencyBayankhongor Province
In office
2012–2016
ConstituencyBayankhongor Province
Chairman of Steering committee of the Mongolian Democratic Union
In office
2006–2017
President of the Mongolian Judo Association
In office
2006–2017
Personal details
Born (1963-03-03) 3 March 1963
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolian People's Republic
Political partyDemocratic Party
Alma materSchool of Fine Arts of Mongolia
Sports career
Medal record
Representing  Mongolia
Men's Sambo
World Championships
Gold medal – first place 1983 Kiev –52 kg
Silver medal – second place 1986 Saint-Jean-de-Luz –52 kg
Bronze medal – third place 1988 Montreal –57 kg
Silver medal – second place 1990 Moscow –57 kg
Friendship Games
Silver medal – second place 1984 Ulaanbaatar –57 kg
World Cup
Silver medal – second place 1987 Rabat –52 kg
Silver medal – second place 1988 Tokyo –52 kg
Gold medal – first place 1989 Ulaanbaatar –52 kg

Khaltmaagiin Battulga (/kæltˈmɑːɡiːn ˈbætʊlɡə/; Mongolian: Халтмаагийн Баттулга, romanized: Haltmaagiin Battulga, pronounced [χaɬtʰˈmaɟiŋ ˈpat̚tʰʊɮɢ], also referred to as Battulga Khaltmaa; born 3 March 1963) is a Mongolian politician and sambo wrestler who served as the 5th President of Mongolia from 2017 to 2021. He served as Member of the State Great Khural from 2004 to 2016 and Minister of Roads, Transportation, Construction and Urban Development from 2008 to 2012. Before his career in politics, Battulga was a sambo wrestling champion. He was the Democratic Party's candidate in the 2017 presidential election and was elected President with 50.6% in the run-off, the first-ever run-off election in modern Mongolian history.[1] Mongolians are divided about his role in the 2019 Mongolian constitutional crisis.

Background

Battulga was born on March 3, 1963, in Ulaanbaatar. Battulga is a second child of three children.[2] His father and mother are both from Bayankhongor Province.[2] The family was allocated a traditional ger in the Yarmag district in Ulaanbaatar after they lost everything in the flood of Tuul River in 1966.[3][4] In 1978, he graduated from the 10-year 34th secondary school in Ulaanbaatar.[5] In 1982 he graduated from the School of Fine Arts of Mongolia with a degree in painting.[5] While studying at the arts school, Battulga sold his paintings to tourists around the Bayangol Hotel area.

Business

In 1990, Battulga started sewing and selling jeans locally and in Hungary. He saved $600 to buy a video camera and start an export-import business trading electronics from Singapore to Mongolia, Russia, and Eastern Europe.[6]

Battulga was fascinated with The Godfather and named his first company Genco, the name of the olive oil importing company in the film.[5][7] Genco acquired controlling interests during the privatization of state-owned assets such as Bayangol Hotel and meat-processing factory Makh-Impex in 1997 and 1999 respectively.[5][7]

Wrestling

Battulga grew up practicing Mongolian traditional wrestling, as his father Khaltmaa was a coach.[2] He later transitioned to sambo wrestling and represented the Mongolian People's Republic in international competition from 1983 to 1990. He won gold at the 1983 World Championships and 1989 World Cup, along with several other medals at the World Championships, World Cup, and Friendship Games.[8] Battulga was awarded a Merited Sportsmen of Mongolia in 1995, and became Chairman of the Mongolian Judo Federation in 2006.[5][2] Under Battulga's leadership at the Judo Federation, Mongolian judokas became Olympic champions for the first time in history.[5]

Political activity

Battulga with Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev in Baku.

In 2004, Battulga became a Member of Parliament for Bayankhongor province for the first time. He was re-elected to parliament in 2008 and 2012. From 2008 to 2012, he was Minister of Roads and Transport of Mongolia.[9] In 2012, he was appointed to the post of Minister of Industry and Agriculture of Mongolia.[10]

Election

Presidential elections were held on 26 June 2017. Incumbent President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was constitutionally barred from running for a third term.[11] Battulga ran in the election representing the Democratic Party. He ran against former Prime Minister Miyeegombyn Enkhbold of the Mongolian People's Party. For the first time, no candidate received a majority of the vote in the first round, forcing a run-off between Battulga and Enkhbold on 7 July, brought forward from 9 July.[12][13][14] In the second round, Battulga was narrowly elected with 50.61% of the popular vote.

Vladimir Putin and Battulga Khaltmaa in Vladivostok.

Presidency (2017–2021)

Inauguration

Battulga's inauguration took place at the State Palace on 10 July 2017 in the presence of Prime Minister Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat and former president Elbegdorj.[15] In his presidential address, he laid out the principles for his term, including one for the industrialization of the country. He also said that he would work to maintain and expand the good-neighbor relations with Russia and China and will "pay utmost attention" to the third neighbor policy, referring to the United States.[16] After the ceremony, he went outside to lay wreaths at the monuments to Damdin Sükhbaatar and Chinggis Khaan.[17] He also received state heraldry, including the state stamp and the presidential certificate.[18]

Since he became president, Battulga has made it standard practice for people to put their hand on their heart during the performance of the national anthem of Mongolia by a concert or military band, as well as a vocal performance.

Domestic policy

Death penalty

Within days of his inauguration, he took measures to reinstate the death penalty for sexual offenders, which came days after the death penalty was completely abolished in the country.[19] On 16 October, Battulga announced the formation of an expert group to look into the reinstatement of the death penalty for premeditated murder and rape.[20] The following month, he submitted his proposal to the justice and interior ministry.[21] In a speech to the during the opening of the autumn session of the State Great Khural, he claimed that a systemic social crisis is to blame for the national challenges that posed a threat to the country.[22]

The problem lies within the system itself, rather than due to a single individual or political party. Regardless of how good the person or the political party is, they become victims of the irresponsible, poorly coordinated, and unaccountable system, and an adverse condition is set where problems keep piling up and stress levels in the society keep rising.

— Khaltmaagiin Battulga[23]

Constitutional crisis

On 27 March 2019, the State Great Khural began a constitutional crisis when it adopted an unprecedented law that gave the National Security Council of Mongolia the power to recommend the dismissal of judges and prosecutors, as well as the head of the national anti-corruption service. Battulga's political party, the opposition's main minority faction in the parliament, claims that the law undermines the country's constitutional separation of powers and the larger Mongolian democratic system.[24]

Disbandment of the MPP

In April 2021, Battulga issued an emergency directive to disband the MPP "in order to safeguard the sovereignty and democracy of the country" after the MPP passed amendments to the constitution.[25][26] The constitutional amendments, which took effect in May 2020, limits one's presidency to one term, making Battulga ineligible to re-run in the 2021 presidential election.[27][28] At the same time, he also condemned the formation of a “Mongolian Military Union” as 'a parallel military structure" that "threatens the country's democratic foundations" and "endangers the fundamental rights and interests of our citizens and constitution." Luvsanvandangiin Bold, former Minister of Defense and current Battulga's Advisor on National Security warned that the creation of the union "will lead to the creation of quasi-fascist regime.”[29]

Foreign policy

East Asia

Battulga is largely seen as a pro-Russian politician and a Russophile due to his Russian ties and his knowledge of the Russian language. He is commonly compared to Russian President Vladimir Putin due to their shared love and experience in judo. When he spoke to Putin during a summit in eastern Russia in September 2017, Putin said that the shared sport will help "develop a good working and personal relationship".[30]

Battulga has in recent years criticized the Mongolian economy's dependence on China.[31]

On 14 June 2018, after the conclusion of the Singapore Summit between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and U.S. President Donald Trump,[32] Battulga congratulated both leaders, telling Kim that he considers the summit as a "landmark event not only for the North Korea–United States relations but for the Northeast Asian region and the Korean Peninsula".[33] Battulga was widely expected to host the summit as the Mongolian head of state due to the fact that the country has sponsored many regional summits in recent years and is easily accessible by train from Pyongyang, North Korea.[34] Days after the summit, Battulga invited Kim to Ulan Bator for a state visit in honor of the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations.[35]

Others

In mid-March 2018, Battulga appealed to U.S. President Trump via telegram to more trade relations, saying an economic downturn threatened to destabilize Mongolia, and that although Mongolia is an "oasis of democracy", this "does not contribute to economic development" in a region where authoritarianism (China and Russia) is on the rise.[36][37][38] The United States is one of Mongolia’s so-called Third Neighbors, which Battulga said that U.S. trade and investment could help prevent the return of authoritarian in Mongolia. During a visit to Kyrgyzstan in June 2019, Battulga opened the Mongolian Embassy in Bishkek.[39]

International trips as president

List of foreign visits by Khaltmaagiin Battulga
Date Country City Type of visit/Reason for visit
29 August–1 September 2017  Hungary Budapest 2017 World Judo Championships[40]
4–7 September 2017  Russia Vladivostok Eastern Economic Forum[41]
9–10 June 2018 China Qingdao Shanghai Cooperation Organisation[42]
11–13 September 2018  Russia Vladivostok Eastern Economic Forum[43]
24 September 2018  Azerbaijan Baku Working visit[44]
18–19 October 2018  Belgium Brussels 12th Asia-Europe Meeting Summit[45]
22–26 October 2018   Switzerland Geneva 2018 World Investment Forum
24–28 April 2019 China Beijing State visit[46]
12–14 June 2019  Kyrgyzstan Bishkek State visit[47]
30 July–1 August 2019  United States Washington, D.C. State visit[48]
4–5 September 2019  Russia Vladivostok Eastern Economic Forum
18–23 September 2019  India New Delhi State visit[49]
19 January 2020   Switzerland Davos World Economic Forum[50]
27 January 2020  Norway Oslo Working visit[51]
27 February 2020 China Beijing State visit[52]

Private life

He currently lives with Angelique Davain, a Russian by nationality and native of the Khentii Province.[53] His legal wife, Ts. Enkhtuya was the director of the Nüüdelchin Company. He is currently a father to two sets of twin sons and one daughter. Aside from Mongolian, Battulga speaks Russian and English.[54][55][56]

John Bolton wrote in his book The Room Where It Happened that President Battulga's son served in Afghanistan for a US-led multinational force.[57]

Residence

In 2017, newly-elected Battulga has said that he intended to live in the "Winter Palace" in central Ulaanbaatar, also known as the Marshal’s Residence, in a departure from tradition.[58] The two story-building was originally the residence of Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan.[59] It is located in the heart of the capital between Peace Avenue and Seoul Street (next to the 1st School and the Russian Embassy). Being 400 meter from the State House he insisted to stay there so that he can walk to work.[58]

Social contributions

Battulga sponsored the construction of the Chingis Khan Equestrian Statue near Ulaanbaatar to celebrate national pride. The statue became one of the main tourist attractions.[60][61]

Battulga is also President of the Mongolian Judo Association. Under his guidance, Mongolian judoka Tuvshinbayar Naidan became an Olympic judo champion in Beijing 2008. As such, judo has become one of the most popular sports in Mongolia.[62][63]

References

  1. ↑ "..:: МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ЕРӨНХИЙЛӨГЧИЙН 2017 ОНЫ СОНГУУЛИЙН 2 ДАХЬ САНАЛ ХУРААЛТЫН ДҮН - Сонгуулийн Ерөнхий Хороо ::". Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Монгол Улсын тавдахь Ерөнхийлөгч Х.Баттулгын фото түүх". www.24tsag.mn (in Mongolian). 22 July 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  3. ↑ "Баттулга Халтмаагийн". Хэн нь хэн бэ?. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  4. ↑ "Х.БАТТУЛГА: "ЭХЛЭЭД ХУУРТАГДАЖ ЯВСАН, ДАРАА НЬ ХУУРАХ АЖИЛД НЬ ОРОЛЦСООН" ГЭДЭГ ШИГ Л…". www.baabar.mn | Шилдэг нийтлэлчдийн клуб. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Төрийн тэргүүний намтар". Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн Тамгын Газар. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  6. ↑ “24 Facts from the Biography of a Mongolian Millionaire: Kh.Battulga” by D.Undrakh, 24tsag.mn, 22 August 2012,
  7. 1 2 "Under the Microscope: President's Offshore Assets Cause a Stir in Mongolia". International Policy Digest. 27 December 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  8. ↑ "Баттулга Халтмаагийн | ВнутриСамбо" (in Russian). 7 May 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
  9. ↑ "Заседание Правления АО "Улан-Баторская железная дорога"". www.rlw.gov.ru. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  10. ↑ "Архивированная копия". Archived from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  11. ↑ Presidential election planned for June 26 Archived 12 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Montsame, 26 January 2017
  12. ↑ No decisive winner in Mongolia presidential vote: election committee Reuters, 26 June 2017
  13. ↑ Presidential election:second ballot on July 9 Montsame, 26 June 2017
  14. ↑ Election of the President of Mongolia moved to July 7 ARD, 28 June 2017 (in Mongolian)
  15. ↑ "Khaltmaa Battulga inaugurated as Mongolian president - Xinhua | English.news.cn". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021.
  16. ↑ "INAUGURATION ADDRESS BY KHALTMAAGIIN BATTULGA, THE PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIA, AT THE CEREMONY OF PRESIDENTIAL SWEARING INTO OFFICE". 10 July 2017.
  17. ↑ "THE PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIA KHALTMAAGIIN BATTULGA PAYS TRIBUTE TO THE STATUES OF D.SUKHBAATAR AND CHINGGIS KHAAN". 10 July 2017.
  18. ↑ "PRESIDENT BATTULGA RECEIVES STATE STAMP". 10 July 2017.
  19. ↑ "Mongolian president to begin process to reinstate death penalty". efe.com.
  20. ↑ "Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч Х.Баттулга цаазын ялыг сэргээхээр хуульчдын баг ажиллуулж байгаа". 16 October 2017.
  21. ↑ http://olloo.mn/n/48678.html, 2017-11-24
  22. ↑ "ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT KHALTMAAGIIN BATTULGA AT THE OPENING OF THE FALL SESSION OF THE STATE GREAT KHURAL OF MONGOLIA". 1 October 2018.
  23. ↑ "President Kh.Battulga addresses at the opening of Autumn Session of the Parliament". MONTSAME News Agency.
  24. ↑ "Mongolia's President is slicing away its hard won democracy". Foreignpolicy.com. 29 March 2019.
  25. ↑ Baljmaa.T (20 April 2021). "President presents ordinance on disbanding Mongolian People's Party". Montsame.
  26. ↑ Battulga Khaltmaa (19 April 2021). "Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч Х.Баттулга Монгол ардын намыг тараах тухай захирамж гаргаснаа танилцууллаа" (in Mongolian). YouTube.
  27. ↑ Weekly, Mongolia (5 January 2020). "Welcome to Battulga's rule in 2020s". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  28. ↑ Daily, Florida (6 May 2021). "Marco Rubio, Patrick Leahy Urge State Department to Do More to Promote Democracy in Mongolia | Florida Daily". Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  29. ↑ Mongolia, President of (22 April 2021). "Mongolian President Takes Emergency Action to Protect Sovereignty and Democracy". GlobeNewswire News Room (Press release). Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  30. ↑ "Meeting with President of Mongolia Khaltmaagiin Battulga". President of Russia. 7 September 2017.
  31. ↑ "Mongolia's Shrinking Foreign Policy Space | The Asan Forum".
  32. ↑ "HEAD OF STATE CONGRATULATES PRESIDENT DONALD J.TRUMP ON SINGAPORE SUMMIT". 13 June 2018.
  33. ↑ "PRESIDENT CONGRATULATES THE DPRK CHAIRMAN KIM JONG UN ON THE SINGAPORE SUMMIT". 13 June 2018.
  34. ↑ "US-North Korea talks have many obstacles to overcome – starting with where to meetwebsite=South China Morning Post". 10 April 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  35. ↑ "Mongolian President invites Kim Jong Un to Ulaanbaatar | NK News". NK News - North Korea News. 15 October 2018.
  36. ↑ "Mongolia president appeals to U.S. for trade to protect democracy". Reuters. 13 March 2018 – via mobile.reuters.com.
  37. ↑ "Page not found!". Times of Oman. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  38. ↑ https://www.euronews.com/2018/03/13/mongolia-president-appeals-to-us-for-trade-to-protect-democracy
  39. ↑ "Mongolia opens embassy in Kyrgyzstan - Xinhua | English.news.cn". xinhuanet.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019.
  40. ↑ "PRESIDENT BATTULGA WORKING IN BUDAPEST". 29 August 2017.
  41. ↑ "PRESIDENT BATTULGA ARRIVES IN VLADIVOSTOK FOR EASTERN ECONOMIC FORUM". 4 September 2017.
  42. ↑ "PRESIDENT DEPARTS FOR SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION SUMMIT". 9 June 2018.
  43. ↑ "PRESIDENT KHALTMAAGIIN BATTULGA TO ATTEND THE 4TH EASTERN ECONOMIC FORUM". 10 September 2018.
  44. ↑ "PRESIDENT KHALTMAAGIIN BATTULGA BEGINS HIS WORKING VISIT TO AZERBAIJAN". 24 September 2018.
  45. ↑ "PRESIDENT TO ATTEND THE 12TH ASEM SUMMIT AND THE WORLD INVESTMENT FORUM". 16 October 2018.
  46. ↑ "PRESIDENT TO PAY STATE VISIT TO CHINA, ATTEND THE BELT AND ROAD FORUM". 23 April 2019.
  47. ↑ "PRESIDENT BATTULGA GREETED BY HIS KYRGYZ COUNTERPART". 12 June 2019.
  48. ↑ "President Donald J. Trump is Expanding Our Partnership with Mongolia". whitehouse.gov – via National Archives.
  49. ↑ "Mongolian President Khaltmaagiin Battulga visits Taj Mahal". in.news.yahoo.com.
  50. ↑ "PRESIDENT DEPARTS FOR SWITZERLAND TO ATTEND THE WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM". 19 January 2020.
  51. ↑ "PRESIDENT OF MONGOLIA VISITING THE KINGDOM OF NORWAY". 27 January 2020.
  52. ↑ "China Focus: Xi says China, Mongolia help each other in face of difficulties - Xinhua | English.news.cn". Archived from the original on 29 February 2020.
  53. ↑ "Новый президент Монголии женат на русской". EG.RU.
  54. ↑ Новый президент Монголии — миллиардер, дзюдоист, художник, с русской женой: EADaily. EADaily (in Russian). 10 July 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  55. ↑ Интересное о Монголии - Страница 606 (in Russian). www.zabvo.su. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  56. ↑ Кто такой кандидат в президенты Монголии Халтмаагийн Баттулга (in Russian). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  57. ↑ Twitter https://twitter.com/mongoliaweekly/status/1277757810781106178. Retrieved 5 July 2020. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  58. 1 2 "New president of Mongolia to live in walking distance from his office, unofficial sources say". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  59. ↑ "Mongolian President to live in 'Winter Palace' - News.MN". News.MN - The source of news. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  60. ↑ Genghis Khan Rules Mongolia Again, in a P.R. Campaign, New York Times, 2 August 2009
  61. ↑ Mongolian Judo: From Tradition to Modernity, 10 August 2013
  62. ↑ Locked Countries Conference, Ministry of Roads and Transportation of Mongolia, June 2014
  63. ↑ Mongolian Mining Corporation, Announcement On The Government Of Mongolia’s Decision On Unified Railway Network Development Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine, 4 November 2012

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