Ben Schoeman
Minister of Transport
In office
30 November 1954 – 1974
Preceded byPaul Sauer
Succeeded byLourens Muller
ConstituencyMaraisburg
Minister of Labour
In office
4 June 1948 – 30 November 1954
Preceded byColin Fraser Steyn
Succeeded byJohannes de Klerk
ConstituencyMaraisburg
Minister of Public Works
In office
4 June 1948 – 30 November 1954
Preceded byC.F. Clarkson
Succeeded byP.O. Sauer
ConstituencyFordsburg
Member of Parliament
In office
1938–1943
Personal details
Born19 January 1905
Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Colony of Transvaal (now Gauteng, South Africa)
Died2 April 1986
South Africa
Political partyNational Party (1948–1974)
United Party (1938–1943)

Barend Jacobus "Ben" Schoeman[1] (19 January 1905 – 2 April 1986) was a South African politician of the National Party prominent during the apartheid era. He served as the Minister of Labour from 1948 to 1954, and the Minister of Transport from 1954 until 1974.

History

Schoeman in the 1930s, posing in front of a steam train he worked on as a fireman

Schoeman was born in Braamfontein, Johannesburg in the British Colony of the Transvaal on 19 January 1905,[2]: 6  the son of train driver Barend Jacobus Schoeman, and Abelina Jacoba Schoeman (née Theunissen).[3] After completing his studies at high school, he joined the railway industry, and worked as both a driver and a fireman.[4] He progressed up the hierarchy, and after 16 years, he achieved the position of station master in Paardekop.[2]: 7 

At age seventeen, he was the branch chairman for the National Party in Braamfontein.[2]: 7  He entered politics as a member of the United Party, being elected as Member of Parliament for Fordsburg in the 1938 general election, gaining a majority of 1,127 over TC Robertson of the Labour Party.[5] Aged 33, Schoeman was the youngest member of the House of Assembly. At the outbreak of the Second World War, Schoeman supported Prime Minister J. B. M. Hertzog's stance of neutrality. When Hertzog resigned as Prime Minister and switched his allegiance to the National Party,[6] Schoeman similarly switched parties, and in 1940, he became the head of the National Party in the Witwatersrand, and a member of the party's executive committee. In 1943 South African general election, he lost his seat to Sarel Tighy of the United Party.[2]: 7  At the 1948 South African general election he returned to Parliament as the member of the National Party for Maraisburg.[2]: 7 

While some have accused Schoeman of being a member of the sometimes militant Afrikaner organisation Ossewabrandwag;,[7] Schoeman claims in his memoirs that he was offered the position of general in the organisation but refused.[8] Similarly, Schoeman was approached by the Nazi-sympathizing Oswald Pirow to join his "New Order" organisation which advocated for national-socialism in South Africa. Schoeman declined to support the organisation because of his belief in democracy for the Afrikaner people and ended his relationship with Pirow.[9]

Leadership election

After the assassination in Cape Town of Prime Minister Henrik Verwoerd in September 1966, Schoeman was widely considered to be the favourite to assume leadership of both the National Party and the country. However, the day before the election, he withdrew from the race, granting victory to the only other candidate; John Vorster. In an interview conducted shortly after his withdrawal, Schoeman, who looked as though he had been crying, revealed that he had made the decision due to "gossip, even about my wife."[10] In their 2003 book Unfinished Business: South Africa, Apartheid and Truth, Terry Bell and Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza suggest that Schoeman was blackmailed by Vorster, though offer no evidence for their theory.[10] African National Congress stalwart Gwede Mantashe has similarly claimed that Schoeman was blackmailed by "securocrats", forcing him to unexpectedly withdraw his candidacy and allowing the more conservative Vorster to take power.[11]

Legacy

Phil Weber, an editor of Die Burger, believed that Schoeman was the "most sober thinker" of D. F. Malan's cabinet regarding the government's stance on apartheid.[12] Notably following the Sharpeville Massacre, Schoeman along with Eben Dönges and Paul Sauer, publicly called for a relaxation of certain Apartheid policies, but this was rejected by Verwoerd.

Various major public infrastructure projects have been named after the long-serving minister including the larger outer dock of the Port of Cape Town, South Africa's busiest highway Ben Schoeman Freeway and previously the East London Airport. Under his ministership Richards Bay Port, Africa's largest coal export facility, was built to expand South Africa's coal exporting capacity.

Publications

  • Schoeman, Ben (1973). Jagavonture (in Afrikaans). Doornfontein: Perskor. ISBN 0-628-00338-2. OCLC 3569588.
  • Schoeman, Ben (1978). My lewe in die politiek [My life in politics] (in Afrikaans). Johannesburg: Perskor. ISBN 0-628-01466-X. OCLC 5945369.

References

  1. ↑ "Records of the Garment Workers Union". Johannesburg, South Africa: The Library, University of the Witwatersrand. 2007. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 de Villiers, Hugo (1974). "A Veteran Retires". South African Panorama. Information Service of South Africa. 19 (5) – via Internet Archive.
  3. ↑ A. M. Van Schoor (1973). Die Nasionale boek [The National Book]. Edupress. p. 145.
  4. ↑ Holland, D. F. (1972). Steam Locomotives of the South African Railways. Vol. 2: 1910-1955 (1st ed.). Newton Abbott, England: David & Charles. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
  5. ↑ Schoeman, B. M. (1977). Parlementêre verkiesings in Suid-Afrika, 1910-1976 [Parliamentary elections in South Africa, 1910-1976]. Pretoria: Aktuele Publikasies.
  6. ↑ "Second World War and its impact, 1939-1948". South African History Online. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
  7. ↑ South African Democracy Education Trust (SADET) (2004). The Road to Democracy in South Africa: 1960-1970. Cape Town: Zebra Press. p. 9. ISBN 1-86872-906-0.
  8. ↑ Schoeman, Ben. (1978). My lewe in die politiek. Johannesburg: Perskor-Uitgewery. p.78
  9. ↑ Schoeman, Ben. (1978). My lewe in die politiek. Johannesburg: Perskor-Uitgewery. p.81
  10. 1 2 Bell, Terry; Ntsebeza, Dumisa Buhle (2003). Unfinished Business: South Africa, Apartheid and Truth. London: Verso. p. 55. ISBN 1-85984-545-2.
  11. ↑ Mantashe, Gwede. "Beware the blackmailers, says Mantashe". The M&G Online. Retrieved 2 January 2019.
  12. ↑ Koorts, Lindie (November 2010). "An ageing anachronism: D.F. Malan as prime minister, 1948-1954". Kronos. Cape Town. 36 (1). ISSN 0259-0190.
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