Benjamin Loxley
Born(1720-12-20)December 20, 1720
Wakefield, England
Died
Darby, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Occupation(s)Carpenter-architect, master builder, investor
OrganizationCarpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia
Military career
AllegianceProvince of Pennsylvania
 United States
Service/branchPhiladelphia Associators
Years of service1742–1780
RankMajor
Battles/warsBattle of Red Bank
Battle of Brandywine

Benjamin Loxley, also known as Benjamin Lockley (December 20, 1720 – October 1801) was a Philadelphia carpenter-architect, master builder, investor and military leader in the American Colonial Period. He began his career by working as a carpenter-architect and renting out land outside the city. He then worked as a master builder and built various properties in the city. He invested in many schemes and was a member of the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia.

Loxley was a Patriot military leader and was engaged in several battles. He rose through the ranks and eventually became a major in command of artillery. He fought in battles under George Washington. He was taken as a prisoner of war when the British captured and overtook Philadelphia and eventually released in a prisoner exchange.

Early life

Loxley was born in Wakefield, England, on December 20, 1720.[1] He was the son of Benjamin Loxley and Elizabeth (Pullen). Loxley immigrated to America in 1734 to live with his uncle in Pennsylvania. His uncle then indentured him to W. J. Watkins for the carpenter's and cabinet making trades.[2]

Career

Construction business

Loxley Place court entrance from Arch Street
A depiction of Benjamin Loxley house in Philadelphia at 177 South Second Street.

Loxley built a home in Philadelphia around 1744 which became known as Loxley's Place.[3] He constructed a second group of houses known as Loxley's Court.[3] One of his houses was on 177 South Second Street and known as the Benjamin Loxley house.[3][4]

Loxley then became a partner with carpenter William Henderson.[2] He was a member of the Carpenters' Company of the City and County of Philadelphia with architects Thomas Nevell and Robert Smith.[2] They purchased a lot on Chestnut Street for the Carpenters' Company and built the Carpenters' Hall there.[5]

Military service

Pennsylvania did not have an official militia, since it had been founded by pacifist Quakers, and so prominent Pennsylvanians like Benjamin Franklin established a voluntary organization, known as the Philadelphia Associators, to help defend the province. Loxely had joined the Associators by 1742, and would serve for the next thirty years, primarily as an artillery officer. He trained recruits during King George's War (1744–1748).[6] With the coming of the French and Indian War in 1754, Loxely was appointed captain lieutenant in the Associators. He received training in artillery from British officers and in turn trained other colonists.[7]

In 1758, when British General John Forbes was preparing an expedition into western Pennsylvania to expel the French, he put Loxley in charge of military supplies stored in Philadelphia.[8] Loxley did not see action in the French and Indian War, but in 1764, a frontier vigilante mob known as the Paxton Boys marched on Philadelphia. Loxley arranged his cannons and artillerymen in the streets while Franklin negotiated with the Paxton leaders, which ended the crisis.[9]

With the coming of the American Revolution, one of Loxley's first acts was to turn over the city stores he was in charge to the Patriots, who were then labeled "Rebels" by the British. He was elected to the Philadelphia Committee of Safety in 1775.[10] After news was received of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the Philadelphia Associators was reorganized, with Captain Loxley placed in command of the 174 men of the 1st Company of the Artillery Battalion under Major Samuel Mifflin.[10][11]

In July 1776, Loxley took his company in boats down the Delaware River to an engagement with British gunboats at the Battle of Red Bank.[12] He was promoted to the rank of major in August 1776.[13]

Personal life

Loxley's great-grandson stated that Loxley was a friend of Benjamin Franklin,[1] and that he provided a key to the No. 2 house in a courtyard of his houses at Loxley's Court to Franklin.[1][14]

Loxley married Jane Watkins on March 28, 1743.[1][2][15] The Loxley family bible's entries show that they had two sons, Benjamin Jr. (born June 6, 1746) and Abram (born January 16, 1750).[16] Jane died on September 22, 1760, and he remarried on September 1, 1761, to Catherine Cox, the eldest child of John and Mary (Potts) Cox of Freehold, New Jersey. He had a total of twelve children with Catherine, five of which lived to adulthood.[17] The name of their third child was Jane.[18] Loxley died in October 1801.[2][19]

Societies and clubs

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Rhees, William J. (July 1897). "The Loxley house and Major Benjamin Loxley". 3–4 (35). Spirit of '76 Publishing Company: 575. He was a friend of Franklin, made many of his instruments. assisted in his experiments, and it was the key of the Loxley House which Franklin held on that memorable day when he drew lightning from the skies. ... as I am the great grandson of Major Loxley the personal interest I feel in this narrative may be explained .  This article incorporates text from The Loxley house and Major Benjamin Loxley, a publication from 1897, now in the public domain in the United States. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Loxley, Benjamin (1720-1801) data from the Philadelphia Architects and Buildings (PAB) project of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia
  3. 1 2 3 "Loxley Place". The Pennsylvania Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. February 19, 1955. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com Open access icon.
  4. ↑ Hazard 1891, pp. 265–266.
  5. ↑ Crissy 1858, p. 11.
  6. ↑ Seymour 2006, p. 33.
  7. ↑ Seymour 2006, pp. 36–37.
  8. ↑ Seymour 2006, p. 38.
  9. ↑ Seymour 2006, pp. 38–39.
  10. 1 2 Seymour 2006, p. 39.
  11. ↑ Westcott 1894, p. 197.
  12. ↑ DAR 1897, p. 112.
  13. ↑ Griffith 1899, p. 82.
  14. ↑ Skaler 2005, p. 102.
  15. ↑ Roach 2007, p. 188.
  16. ↑ HSP 1899, p. 265.
  17. ↑ "Jane Loxley, Philadelphia, 1776". M. Finkel & Daughter. 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2015.
  18. ↑ Cox 1912, pp. 173–174.
  19. ↑ Watson 1881, p. 346.
  20. ↑ Coates 1887, p. 36.

Bibliography

Further reading

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