Beth Hesmondhalgh
Other namesElizabeth Ellen Hesmondhalgh
Occupation(s)cotton spinner and suffragette
Years active1907–1914
OrganizationWomen's Social and Political Union
Known formilitant suffrage activism
AwardsHunger Strike Medal

Elizabeth Ellen (Beth) Hesmondhalgh, active 1907 –1914, began working around 1885[1] as a cotton spinner in Preston,[2] and became a British suffragette,[3] imprisoned twice for militant protesting on behalf of women's franchise,[4] and awarded the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) Hunger Strike Medal for valour.[5]

Life and militant activism

Little is known about her early life. She became a cotton spinner in Lancashire and married a railway signalman.[6]

Hesmondhalgh was recruited as a member of the Preston branch of the Independent Labour Party, but was later banned for protesting when the MP Philip Snowden was speaking in the town, along with five other militant members of the Women's Social and Political Union.

She had joined the women's suffrage movement in 1907, with the encouragement of Edith Rigby, whom she met at the Independent Labour Party,[7] and who was recruiting working women to the cause of women's suffrage from the local mills. Rigby had called her 'promising material',[8] but persuading Hesmondhalgh had involved 'trying to get round her husband' who supported women's suffrage, despite the risks of arrest and loss of income[6] and then 'sending Annie Kenney' a working class suffrage leader to persuade her to join the militant group.[9]

Hesmondhalfh was reported as saying about her recruitment to WSPU:

"I joined half against my will and the next thing I knew I was asked to face imprisonment."[2]

She also said that Rigby had a manner when she looked for volunteers for 'unpleasant or dangerous actions' ...of making you feel that she doing you a favour'.[10] Meetings were held initially in Rigby's home at 28, Winkley Square, Avenham and chaired by Grace Alderman.[11]

Activism and arrests

On 13 February 1907, Hesmondhalgh joined Rigby, Alderman, Rose Towler and the Pankhursts with a large WSPU contingent at the first 'Women's Parliament' in Caxton Hall, [2] which marched and attempted to enter the House of Commons. Fifty-seven women were arrested and sent to Holloway Prison for a month.[2] And another mass attempt to enter the Commons was made, with similar outcomes in 1908.[12]

In 1909, she put up posters in Preston which called Asquith, the Prime Minister 'Mr Double-Face' but the homemade glue was ineffective, so she and others wrapped the posters around potatoes, aiming to throw them and again she was arrested and sent to Preston prison.[9]

Force feeding of suffragettes

Due to the militancy spreading, women were being denied access to political events, and the streets around venues cleared ahead of time, but a large crowd, estimated at 6,000, aimed to enter an event on 3 December 1909, held by Winston Churchill MP, who was president of the Board of Trade. Hesmondhalgh was in the front shouting outside the venue, with a large group, at the barriers in Fox Street,[13] refusing to leave after being denied access.[14] She was roughly grabbed from her position by the police (150 were on duty that night including some from London) and protesting women had been pelted by manure. She was arrested for 'obstruction' and sentenced to seven days in prison along with Rigby, Grace Alderman and Margaret Hewitt, or to be obliged to pay a fine. In her court appearance, she chose prison, and said that as a working woman she knew the value of the vote.[5] She and the others went on hunger strike and were force-fed.[13]

Prisoners Banner

Her signature (E. E. Hesmondhalgh) was embroidered on WSPU Holloway Prisoners Banner, one of 80 women who had been imprisoned on hunger strike in 1910; it was created by a fellow hunger striker, and needlework artist at Glasgow School of Art, Ann Macbeth. The banner was first displayed at the WSPU Scottish Exhibition and Bazaar at St Andrew's Hall, Glasgow. It was bought by Frederick Pethick-Lawrence and used in processions and events, including a memorial event in 1950, and is now in the Museum of London archives.[15]

Further militancy and branch leadership

In 1913, on Easter Monday, she went with Edith Rigby to Manchester's Free Trade Hall to listen to (and disrupt) a meeting of the Labour MP James Thomas. Rigby threw black puddings at the speaker; Hesmondhalgh was said to have laughed at the 'freshness' of the meat.[6] Further risks were taken to assist Rigby place a pipe-bomb under the Liverpool Cotton Exchange on 5 July 1913,[2] by earlier collecting it from the bomb-maker but she met a male friend, who was a detective, and questioned the weight of the 'material' in the suitcase that she was carrying when he offered to assist.[9] When Rigby was later in hiding, the Preston branch had Hesmondhalgh as its honorary secretary, a post she held until April 1914, and she was successful at fundraising.[16] She was sent to the Albert Hall national WSPU meeting with a 'creditable sum' raised from a 'Self-Denial Week',[17] from their base now at 22 Adelphi Street, Preston.[18] Her role was taken over by Eleanor Higginson. Later in 1914, Hesmondhalgh was reported as lending six books to the branch library.[19]

Hunger strike medal

Around this time she was presented with an illuminated address from Emmeline Pankhurst, the WSPU leader, for her services to the cause and was awarded the 'for valour' Hunger Strike Medal,[5] along with others at a Manchester ceremony.

Hunger Strike Medal

During the First World War, the militant suffragettes withdrew their activism, as instructed by Emmeline Pankhurst, and were, including Hesmondhalgh, in turn pardoned by the Home Office for their offences.[20] After the war she lived with Eleanor Higginson in Bognor, Sussex.[21][22]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Liddington, Jill (2000). One hand tied behind us : the rise of the women's suffrage movement. Jill Norris ([2000 ed.] ed.). London: Rivers Oram Press. p. 234. ISBN 1-85489-110-3. OCLC 40839344.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Edith Rigby". Winckley Square. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  3. ↑ Pankhurst, Emmeline (1913). "Illuminated address from Mrs Emmeline Pankhurst to Mrs Elizabeth Ellen Hesmondhalgh of Preston". archivecat.lancashire.gov.uk. DDX 575/2. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  4. ↑ "Elizabeth Hesmondhalgh / Database – Women's Suffrage Resources". www.suffrageresources.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  5. 1 2 3 ATKINSON, DIANE (2019). RISE UP WOMEN! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes. London: BLOOMSBURY Publishing. pp. 183, 199. ISBN 978-1-4088-4405-2. OCLC 1035429529.
  6. 1 2 3 Adams, Beverley (2021). The rebel suffragette. Barnsley. ISBN 978-1-5267-7391-3. OCLC 1267525227.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ↑ Ashworth, Elizabeth (2006). Champion Lancastrians. Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure. pp. 79–92. ISBN 978-1-85058-833-7. OCLC 70264594.
  8. ↑ Hesketh, Phoebe (1992). My Aunt Edith. London: Lancashire County Books. p. 40. ISBN 9781871236125. OCLC 26312273.
  9. 1 2 3 "Creative Toolkit – Mill Girls and Militants: A Virtual Reality" (PDF). Ludus Dance. 2019. p. 2,4. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  10. ↑ Cowman, Krista (2007). Women of the right spirit : paid organisers of the women's social and political union (WSPU) 1904–18. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-7190-7002-0. OCLC 144595617.
  11. ↑ "Avenham Walks -Stop 7 - Edith Rigby". Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. ↑ "Women's Parliament and the House of Commons". Votes for Women. March 1908. p. 83. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. 1 2 Hill, Mike (6 November 2021). "Night protesters in Preston targeted Winston Churchill with potatoes". Lancashire Post. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  14. ↑ "Votes for Women". 19 November 1909. p. 116.
  15. ↑ "They Faced Death Without Flinching". issuu. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  16. ↑ "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2004. pp. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/70139. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/91810.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  17. ↑ "North – Western Counties Preston". The Suffragette. 4 April 1913. p. 414. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  18. ↑ "North Western Counties – Preston". The Suffragette. 23 January 1914. p. 339. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  19. ↑ "North-Western Counties – Preston". The Suffragette. 8 May 1914. p. 98. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  20. ↑ "SUFFRAGETTES: Amnesty of August 1914: index of people arrested, 1906–1914". The National Archives. HO 45/24665. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  21. ↑ "International Women's Day: West Sussex Women and the Centenary of Suffrage". West Sussex Record Office. 2018-03-08. Retrieved 2023-01-07.
  22. ↑ Wojtczak, Helena (2008). Notable Sussex women : 580 biographical sketches. Hastings: Hastings. ISBN 978-1-904109-15-0. OCLC 228582734.
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