Beuthen
Landkreis Beuthen
Landkreis
Country
ProvinceSilesia
SeatBeuthen (not part of the district from 1890)
Population
 (1910)
 • Total195,844[1]

Beuthen District, or Beuthen Rural District (German: Landkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat ziemski Bytom) was an Upper Silesian rural district with its seat in Beuthen (Polish: Bytom), which itself was a separate district - an urban district (German: Stadtkreis Beuthen, Polish: Powiat miejski Bytom).

History

Beuthen District before 1922.

In 1742 King Friedrich II of Prussia introduced Prussian administrative structures to the Silesia Province. Lands belonging to the Free State County of Bytom became a Prussian district - District of Beuthen (German: Kreis Beuthen).[2]

In 1873 the Beuthen District was divided up: The Kattowitz, Tarnowitz and Zabrze districts were formed from parts of the district's land. In 1890 Beuthen became a stadtkreis (urban district), subsequently leaving the Beuthen District and on April 1, 1898 the town of Königshütte (Polish: Królewska Huta) split off from the Beuthen District to become its own district.[2]

Plebiscite in Silesia

After Germany's loss in the Great War, it was decided at Versailles that a plebiscite ought be held in Upper Silesia. From 1919 to 1921, Beuthen alongside the rest of Upper Silesia entered the plebiscite era. In the Upper Silesia Plebiscite the residents of the city of Beuthen voted by a majority of 74.7% to remain in Germany. However, in the Beuthen Rural District the Polish side received 59.1% of the vote.

Following the plebiscite, the Beuthen District was divided up between Germany and Poland. Poland received the southern and eastern parts of the district from which the Świętochłowice County (Polish: Powiat świętochłowicki) was created. The city of Beuthen (with the exception of Friedenshütte) remained with Germany.

Demographics

Population of the District of Beuthen by year:[3]

189019001910
Stadtkreis36,90551,40467,718
Landkreis121,763195,758195,844

Ethnic composition

The table below presents the population structure of the Beuthen district prior to its division in 1873, according to the Prussian census information.[4]

Population of Kreis Beuthen
1852 1861 1867
Germans 16,416 17.4% 31,903 21.9% 44,496 23.1%
Poles 77,857 82.6% 113,741 78.1% 147,894 76.9%
Total 94,273 145,644 192,390

Jews

Czechs

A small Czech minority inhabited Upper Silesia, including the Beuthen District. In 1905 there were 253 Czechs living in Beuthen.[3] This number however kept fluctuating up and down; by 1910 there were only 149 Czechs left in Beuthen.

Municipalities

Municipalities of the Beuthen District in 1910:[5]

Gemeinde Population (1910) Powiat/City (2020)
Beuthen District
Stadtkreis Beuthen 67718 Bytom
Birkenhain 4804 Piekary Śląskie
Bismarckhütte 22687 Chorzów
Bobrek 8821 Bytom
Brzezowitz 2224 Piekary Śląskie
Deutsch Piekar 9733 Piekary Śląskie
Groß Dombrowka 3591 Piekary Śląskie
Hohenlinde 10853 Bytom
Karf 6083 Bytom
Kamin 1887 Piekary Śląskie
Lipine 18190 Świętochłowice
Miechowitz 12248 Bytom
Neu Heiduk 6240 Chorzów
Orzegow 14166 Ruda Śląska
Rokittnitz 2848 Zabrze
Roßberg 20435 Bytom
Scharley 11009 Piekary Śląskie
Schlesiengrube 10313 Świętochłowice
Schomberg 5999 Bytom
Schwientochlowitz 23640 Świętochłowice

References

  1. ↑ "Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900". gemeindeverzeichnis.de.
  2. 1 2 "Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz". territorial.de.
  3. 1 2 Leszek, Belzyt (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Marburg. p. 263.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ↑ Belzyt, Leszek (1998). Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat: 1815 - 1914 ; die preußische Sprachenstatistik in Bearbeitung und Kommentar. Marburg: Herder-Inst. ISBN 978-3-87969-267-5.
  5. ↑ Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. p. 12-13. http://polona.pl/item/67859822

Sources

  • Gemeindeverzeichnis Deutschland 1900 gemeindeverzeichnis.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Landkreis Beuthen-Tarnowitz www.territorial.de. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
  • Wyniki plebiscytu na Górnym Śląsku. Dziewulski, Stefan. Warszawa 1922.
  • Sprachliche Minderheiten im preussischen Staat. Belzyt, Leszek. Marburg 1998.

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