Bhadanaka Kingdom
CapitalShripath
Spoken languagesApabhramsa, Sanskrit
Religion
Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
Today part ofIndia

The Bhadanaka Kingdom[1] was a medieval kingdom in India that included the Rewari, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh regions of Haryana and parts of Alwar in Rajasthan during the 11th and 12th centuries.[2][3] The kingdom of the Bhadanakas was probably bounded on the south-east by the Kachchhapaghat land and the Chambal river, on the north-east by the kingdom of Kannauj and the Yamuna river.[4]

History and origin

Origin

There is no unanimity among scholars regarding the identity of Bhadanaka people.[5]

Conflict with Chauhans

In the second half of the 12th century, the Bhadanakas had a political struggle with the Chauhans of Shakumbhari. Chauhan was inspired by the spirit of Digvijaya and wanted to build an empire in North India.[6]

The Chauhans attacked Bhadanakas at least twice. We get to know about the first attack on Bhadanaka from the 'Bijolia inscription' of Chauhan king Someshwar of 1169 AD. There was a fierce battle between the Chauhans and the Bhadanakas, but this war could not prove to be decisive, although the Chauhans have claimed their victory in the Bijolia inscription.[7]

Territory

Scholar Siddhasain Suri has described the region of Bhadanaka country, situated between Kannauj and Harshapur (Haras in Shekhawati). He mentions Kamagga (Kaman, forty miles west of Mathura) and Siroha (near Gwalior) as sacred Jain sites of Bhadanaka country. Apart from these, Tejpal, the author of Apabhramsa Manuscript "Sambhavnath Charit", has described the city of Sripath situated in Bhadanaka country.[8] According to historian Dasharatha Sharma, this city was the capital of this state. This town of Shripath (santipur) is identified with modern Bayana. According to 3 historians, Bhadanaka has been called Bhayanaya in the pre-medieval Apabhramsa language, and the word Bayana has originated in the post-medieval period from the word Bhayanaya. In this way, the modern earnest money was the focal point of the country. The strong fort of Tahangarh (Timangarh) is situated 14 miles south of Bayana, which was the defense cantonment of this state.[9][10]

Language

Rajasekhar, the court poet of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, in his book 'Kavyamimansha', has called Bhadanaka as a speaker of Apabhramsa language.

The Apabhramsha is also called the Suraseni Apabhramsha, because the geographical area of the Bhadanaka Kingdom and the ancient Surasena region was almost the same.[11][12] The Suraseni Apabhramsa is the mother of modern Brajbhasha.

See also

Bibliography

  • Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189.
  • Iqtidar Alam Khan (2008). Historical Dictionary of Medieval India. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864016.
  • R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. OCLC 11038728.

References

  1. ↑ Singh, R. B. (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore.
  2. ↑ Rajasthan (India) (1968). Rajasthan [district Gazetteers].: Alwar. Printed at Government Central Press.
  3. ↑ Bahadur, Krishna Prakash (1977). Caste, tribes & culture of India: Assam. Delhi: Ess Ess Publications. ISBN 978-81-7000-008-2. OL 18809571M.
  4. ↑ Hooja, Rima (2006). A History of Rajasthan. Rupa & Company. ISBN 978-81-291-0890-6.
  5. ↑ Publication, Mocktime. Haryana General Knowledge - A Comprehensive Coverage. by Mocktime Publication.
  6. ↑ Somānī, Rāmavallabha (1981). Prithviraj Chauhan and his times. Jaipur: Publication Scheme. OL 3929430M.
  7. ↑ Sharma, Dasharatha (2002). Early Chauhān dynasties : a study of Chauhān political history, Chauhān political institution, and life in the Chauhān dominions, from 800 to 1316 A.D. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 81-208-0492-9. OCLC 609013163.
  8. ↑ Gupta, Parmanand (1989). Geography from ancient Indian coins & seals. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co. ISBN 81-7022-248-6. OCLC 21165871.
  9. ↑ Venkatesha (2000). South Indian feudatory dynasties. New Delhi: Sharada Pub. House. ISBN 81-85616-62-0. OCLC 43905073.
  10. ↑ "Timangarh Fort, Visit to Timangarh Karauli - Rajasthan Tours to India". www.rajasthantourstoindia.com. Retrieved 2022-05-23.
  11. ↑ SULTANA, SHIREEN (2021-09-21). A WORLD DIVIDED- HUMAN RIGHTS IN AN UNEQUAL WORLD. THE WRITE ORDER. ISBN 978-93-90791-63-7.
  12. ↑ Dutt, Nalinaksha (2005). Early History of the Spread of Buddhism and the Buddhist Schools. Cosmo Publications. ISBN 978-81-307-0092-2.
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