Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
Big South Fork
Rock bluffs overlooking the Cumberland River in Big South Fork
Map showing the location of Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
Map showing the location of Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
Big South Fork in Tennessee
Map showing the location of Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
Map showing the location of Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area
Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area (the United States)
LocationScott, Fentress, Pickett, and Morgan counties in Tennessee, and McCreary County, Kentucky, United States
Nearest cityOneida, Tennessee, and Whitley City, Kentucky
Coordinates36°29′11″N 84°41′55″W / 36.4865°N 84.6985°W / 36.4865; -84.6985
Area125,310 acres (50,710 ha)[1]
EstablishedMarch 7, 1974
Visitors797,726 (in 2022)[2]
Governing bodyNational Park Service
Websitehttps://www.nps.gov/biso/

The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, commonly known as Big South Fork, preserves the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and its tributaries in northeastern Tennessee and southeastern Kentucky.

Within it are reminders of the time when the area was subjected to logging and mining expansion. The community of No Business was located by No Business Creek in Tennessee; first settled in 1796, it had been abandoned by late 1960.[3] In addition, the former mining community of Blue Heron, Kentucky is preserved and interpreted via signage.

The Big South Fork region contains one of the highest concentrations of natural bridges in the eastern United States and the area is located in parts of Scott, Fentress, Pickett, and Morgan counties in Tennessee, and McCreary County in Kentucky. Charit Creek Lodge is a wilderness lodge, accessible by trail, located within the park.[4]

The Big South Fork was also legally designated a Kentucky Wild River by the Kentucky General Assembly through the Office of Kentucky Nature Preserves' Wild Rivers Program.

Geology

The Big South Fork's most prominent feature is the river gorge cutting through the softer Mississippian age rock beneath the hard Pennsylvanian capstone of the Cumberland Plateau. Water is the most influential agent of geologic change in the Big South Fork region. Over time water action has left many unique and amazing geologic features ranging from the river gorge with its magnificent bluffs to the natural arches and unusual hoodoos.[5]

Due to the substantial amount of annual rainfall of the region and the action of the Cumberland River and surrounding tributaries the water acts to erode the softer Mississippian rock composed of limestone, shale, and calcareous sandstone from beneath the much harder and erosion resistant capstone composed of Pennsylvanian sandstone. Flowing water hollows out the softer layers beneath and forms waterfalls and gorges. Where there is hard capstone intact, arches can form creating natural bridges across streams or a dry ravines. Direct erosion widens a joint and forms a cavity below the more resilient rock thus creating a void between the hard capstone and the area below. As result, water eroded arches are formed in the Big South Fork. Hoodoos are a rare but intriguing feature occurring in the Big South Fork. These hoodoos form in a similar manner to those found in the western United States. Where tough capstone still exists on the side of a hill for instance, it prevents the erosion of the softer material below. The result is a naturally formed erect columnar rock where once was located a hill.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Listing of acreage – December 31, 2011" (XLSX). Land Resource Division, National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-12-16. (National Park Service Acreage Reports)
  2. ↑ "NPS Annual Recreation Visits Report". National Park Service. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  3. ↑ "No Business". National Park Service. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  4. ↑ "Charit Creek Lodge Big South Fork". Archived from the original on 2014-05-17. Retrieved 2014-05-01.
  5. ↑ Russ Manning. (1994). "Exploring the Big South Fork." Norris: Mountain Laural Place.
  6. ↑ Russ Manning. (1999). "The Historic Cumberland Plateau." Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press.
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