Birmingham Special
The Birmingham Special in the final months of its service. Seen here at Somerset, Virginia, March 1969
Overview
Service typeInter-city rail
StatusDiscontinued
LocaleNortheastern United States/Southeastern United States
First serviceMay 17, 1909
Last serviceFebruary 1, 1970
Former operator(s)Southern Railway,
Norfolk and Western Railway,
Pennsylvania Railroad
Route
TerminiNew York, New York
Birmingham, Alabama
Distance travelled987.4 miles (1,589.1 km)
Service frequencyDaily
Train number(s)Southbound: 17, northbound: 18 (1952)
On-board services
Seating arrangementsReclining seat coaches
Sleeping arrangementsOpen sections, roomettes, double bedrooms & drawing rooms (1952)
Catering facilitiesDiner; restaurant-lounge

The Birmingham Special was a passenger train operated by the Southern Railway, Norfolk and Western Railway, and Pennsylvania Railroad in the southeastern United States. The train began service in 1909 and continued, with alterations, after Amtrak assumed control of most long-haul intercity passenger rail in the United States on May 1, 1971. The Birmingham Special is the namesake of the famed Glenn Miller big band tune "Chattanooga Choo Choo".

The Southern Railway introduced the Birmingham Special on May 17, 1909, running between Birmingham, Alabama and New York City via Atlanta, Georgia and Washington, D.C. The Southern operated the train between Birmingham and Washington, while the Pennsylvania Railroad carried through cars between Washington and New York.[1] The train consisted of coaches, Pullman sleepers, and a dining car. Its road numbers on the Southern Railway were #29 (southbound) and #30 (northbound).[2]

On May 15, 1932, the Southern re-routed the Birmingham Special via Chattanooga, Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee and Bristol, bypassing Atlanta. The Norfolk and Western Railway hauled the train between Lynchburg, Virginia and Bristol, creating an unusual (though not unique) situation of the Birmingham Special using two unconnected sections of the Southern Railway: Washington–Lynchburg and Bristol–Birmingham.[1][3] Into the 1950s the train consist included several types of sleeping accommodations for the New York-Birmingham train.[4]

The Pennsylvania ended through service north of Washington in 1956. By 1964 the sleeper service had been eliminated. However, the longer route, along the same trackage as far south as Chattanooga, the Southern's Pelican, retained sleeping cars.[5] Through service to Memphis, Tennessee (connecting in Chattanooga) ended on January 31, 1967. The Southern Railway dropped the Birmingham Special name on February 1, 1970. Service south of Bristol ended August 11, 1970, although a rump train operated north from Birmingham to the Alabama/Tennessee border for a few more months.[1] The train was the last to serve Chattanooga's Terminal Station.[6]

The Norfolk & Western joined Amtrak upon the latter's start on May 1, 1971. However, Amtrak chose not to operate the Lynchburg–Bristol portion of the train.[7] The Southern Railway, which had not initially joined Amtrak, continued to operate the unnamed train between Washington and Lynchburg until June 1, 1975, designating it #7 (southbound) and #8 (northbound).[1][8] The Southern Railway joined Amtrak in 1979.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Baer, Christopher T. (September 8, 2009). "NAMED TRAINS OF THE PRR INCLUDING THROUGH SERVICES" (PDF). The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  2. ↑ "Birmingham Special". Southern Merchant. 21 (31). May 24, 1909. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  3. ↑ "Through Passenger Service". LIFE. Vol. 22, no. 18. May 5, 1947. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
  4. ↑ Southern timetable 1952 Table G http://streamlinermemories.info/South/SOU52TT.pdf
  5. ↑ Southern timetable 1964 Table G http://streamlinermemories.info/South/SRR64-4TT.pdf
  6. ↑ Strickland, Justin W. (2009). Chattanooga's Terminal Station. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 9780738568089. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  7. ↑ "Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak". Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  8. ↑ Amtrak (November 14, 1971). "Nationwide Schedules of Intercity Passenger Service". Retrieved May 7, 2011.
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