Bloudkova velikanka
Bloudkova velikanka (right hill) in 2014
Constructor(s)Ivan Rožman (orig.)
Stanko Bloudek (dev.)
Klemen Kobal (new)
LocationPlanica, Slovenia
OperatorZŠRS Planica
Opened4 February 1934 (orig.)
14 October 2012 (new)
Size
K–point125 metres (410 ft)
Hill size138 metres (453 ft)
Hill recordNew hill:
147 metres (482 ft)
Jarl Magnus Riiber[1]
Old hill:
147.5 metres (484 ft)
Noriaki Kasai
Top events
World Championships2023

Bloudkova velikanka ("Bloudek Giant"), also Bloudek-Rožmanova velikanka, is a large ski jumping hill in Planica, Slovenia, originally opened in 1934. In 2001, the hill collapsed and was completely rebuilt in 2012. A new normal hill (HS102) was also built next to Bloudkova velikanka in 2012, replacing the old K90 hill. A total of ten world records were set at the venue in the 1930s and 1940s.

The hill was originally constructed by Ivan Rožman, and was named after Stanko Bloudek. It was later renamed to Bloudek-Rožmanova velikanka in honour of Rožman. A year after opening, Bloudek became the main constructor, improving the hill until his death. In 1936, Josef Bradl became the first man in history to jump over 100 metres (330 ft).

The axis and the name of the hill are protected as a technical monument by the Slovenian Institute for Cultural Heritage, and cannot be changed due to the historical significance.[2]

History

Ski jumping in Planica began to develop when the village of Rateče received railway connections. The first K20 hill was built in 1930, located in the middle of the Planica-Rateče road, with some remains still visible today.[3][4]

On 20 December 1931, the ski resort Dom Ilirija (now Dom Planica) opened at the initiative of Joso Gorec, who was at the time the General Secretary of the Yugoslav Winter Sports Association and a member of the Ilirija Ski Club Ljubljana.[5] Next to the hotel, a swimming pool and tennis courts were built,[5] as Gorec had a vision that Planica would become a modern Nordic ski resort in the future.[6][7]

1932–1934: Construction and opening

Stanko Bloudek

In 1932, Joso Gorec asked constructor Stanko Bloudek to construct a large hill, so he drew plans for the K80 hill, which was the largest size allowed by the International Ski Federation at the time.[8] Bloudek found a suitable location and did a geodetic survey, started the construction, but soon ran out of money. Ivan Rožman, the owner of a construction company, immediately stepped in and drew plans for the K90 hill. Gorec decided to rather build a larger hill using Rožman's plans instead of Bloudek's plans, who was then left out.[9]

In 1933, construction began and was completed in only two months, from October to December. Problems arose before construction started as local farmers from the Rateče area did not want to sell the land, but they eventually changed their minds and sold it.

On 4 February 1934,[10] Bloudkova velikanka, constructed by Ivan Rožman, was officially opened with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia National Championships in front of 2,500 people. Franc Palme won the competition with 55 and 60 m (180 and 197 ft) and set the first two hill records and the national record at the same time.[5]

On 25 March 1934, the first international competition was organised where Birger Ruud won the event in front of 4,000 people and also set the first world record in Planica with 92 metres (302 ft).[11] There were also three invalid world record distances with touches or crashes: Birger Ruud at 87 metres (285 ft), Gregor Höll at 89 metres (292 ft), and Sigmund Ruud at 95 metres (312 ft).[12]

1935–1941: Hill expansion, naming arguments and world records

Bloudek returned to Planica and took control over the hill as a constructor/developer until his death in 1959.[5] He constructed a new and larger K106 hill. The same year Rožman stepped out as an engineer in Planica.[5] They argued over who was the original constructor and why the hill was not named after him. Rožman blamed Joso Gorec, who named the hill after his friend Bloudek, although Rožman was the original constructor. For years, there was a public misconception that Bloudek was the original hill constructor. Years later, the hill was renamed to Bloudek-Rožmanova velikanka.

On 17 March 1935 there was an international competition with over 12,000 visitors. During the competition, the world record was set by Stanisław Marusarz (95 metres) and Reidar Andersen (93 and 99 metres).[13][14][15][16]

On 15 March 1936, Josef Bradl became the first man in history to have officially jumped over 100 metres, landing at 101.5 metres (333 ft). The distance had to be displayed as 101 metres on the scoreboard due to lack of space.[9][17][18] Two years later, Josef Bradl won the Ski Flying Study competition with another world record at 107 metres (351 ft) with minor hill improvements.[19][20]

On 2 March 1941, the last Ski Flying Study competition before the World War II outbreak in Yugoslavia was held, with 15,000 spectators in attendance.

After two scheduled rounds and Rudi Gering's world record distance at 108 metres (354 ft), the organizers wished to end the event due to safety concerns, but it continued on Germany's request. The fourth and final round had a series of long jumps: Heinz Palme reached 109 metres (358 ft), but a ground touch invalidated his world record distance. Then Gering set the world record at 118 metres (387 ft), winning the official afternoon competition. Right after him the rest jumped in that order: Hans Lahr (111 metres), Paul Krauß (112 m), and Franz Mair (109 m with fall).[21][22][23]

Old hill in 1963

1947–2001: The last hill world record, World Cup, and collapse

On 24 March 1947, the first post-war competition was held. The winner of the Ski Flying Week was Rudi Finžgar, who also set a new national record of 102 metres (335 ft) during training.[24][25]

Between 14 and 17 March 1948, there was a four-day international ski flying week competition in front of a total 20,000 spectators. Fritz Tschannen won the competition, and also set the last world record on the hill at 120 metres (390 ft). There were also two world record distance crashes by Janez Polda (120 metres) and Charles Blum (121 metres).[26][27]

In 1954, the hill was renovated as a new concrete judge tower was built.[5] In addition, the hill was expanded, received a new profile, and was reopened and back in use for the Planica's Ski Flying week in March 1954.[5]

In 1980, Bloudkova velikanka hosted the first FIS Ski Jumping World Cup event. The hill became a standard and regular host of World Cup events until 1998. Since 1998, all Planica events were held on the ski flying hill (Letalnica bratov Gorišek).

Reconstructed hill in 2014

The hill was in use until 16 December 2001, when the upper part of the concrete foundation collapsed during snowmaking.[5][28] In the same year, the last international competition on the old hill was held. For many years after the collapse of the hill, there were plans to rebuild it.[29] A decade later, in July 2011, they demolished the inrun, the judge tower and the television tower,[5] but left the "German tower" which is part of the Slovenian culture heritage.[30] The last construction point of the old hill was at K130 and the last hill size at HS140.

2011–present: Reconstruction

In July 2011, the Slovenian government and the Planica Nordic Centre signed a contract for the complete renovation of the hill, worth €6.2 million.[31] At the same location where the original large hill was standing, which is also part of the Slovenian culture heritage, they rebuilt the hill at the hill size of 139 metres with a new profile, inrun, and judge and television towers.[32] Right next to the large hill they built a new normal hill with the hill size of 104 metres. Both hills were designed by Slovenian architects Matej Blenkuš, Miloš Florijančič and Klemen Kobal.[32] The hills were opened on 14 October 2012 with the national championships.[33]

The first person who jumped on the new HS139 hill was Aleš Hlebanja.[33] He received this honour because his grandmother was the first to sell a private property around the hill, which was needed for the construction of the Planica Nordic Centre.[34] Primož Peterka was honoured with an inaugural jump on the new HS104 hill.[33] In 2014, Bloudkova velikanka hosted the World Cup event for the first time since 1998, because the main ski flying hill was closed at the time due to major renovations.[35]

Events

Men's ski jumping

Year Date Hill size Event Winner Second Third
19344 February  K90KYNCKingdom of Yugoslavia Franc PalmeKingdom of Yugoslavia Bogo ŠramelKingdom of Yugoslavia Gregor Klančnik
25 March  K90InternationalNorway Birger RuudNorway Sigmund RuudAustria Gregor Höll
193517 March  K106InternationalPoland Stanisław MarusarzCzechoslovakia Antonín BartoňSwitzerland Marcel Reymond
193615 March  K106InternationalAustria Josef BradlAustria Gregor HöllAustria Rudolf Rieger
193816 March  K106Study FlyingAustria Josef BradlNazi Germany Hans WiedemannAustria Walter Delle Karth
194010 March  K120Study FlyingNazi Germany Gregor HöllNazi Germany Josef BradlNazi Germany Gustl Berauer
19412 March  K120Study FlyingNazi Germany Rudi GeringNazi Germany Paul KraußNazi Germany Hans Lahr
194724 March  K120Study FlyingSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rudi FinžgarSwitzerland Charles BlumSwitzerland Fritz Tschannen
194817 March  K120ISFWSwitzerland Fritz TschannenSwitzerland Hans ZurbriggenSwitzerland Charles Blum
195015–17 March  K120ISFSSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Janez PoldaSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rudi FinžgarNorway Sverre Kronvold
19 March  K120ExhibitionSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rudi FinžgarNorway SlattsveenSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Janez Polda
195413–14 March  K120ISFWFinland Ossi LaaksonenNorway Jack AlfredsenFinland Hemmo Silvennoinen
19579–10 March  K125ISFWEast Germany Helmut RecknagelFinland Eino KirjonenFinland Pekka Tirkkonen
196026–27 March  K120ISFWEast Germany Helmut RecknagelNorway Arne LarsenFinland Raimo Vitikainen
196322–24 March  K120KOPEast Germany Dieter BokelohEast Germany Dietmar KlemmEast Germany Veit Kührt
196625–27 March  K120ISFWCzechoslovakia Jiří RaškaSoviet Union Mihail VeretennikovEast Germany Dieter Neuendorf
196824 March  K1203rd MemorialCzechoslovakia Jiří RaškaCzechoslovakia Josef MatoušAustria Willi Schuster
197325 March  K1206th MemorialSwitzerland Walter SteinerEast Germany Heinz WosipiwoCzechoslovakia Josef Matouš
197512 April  K120KongsbergAustria Toni InnauerAustria Rudi WannerSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Janez Loštrek
13 April  K1207th MemorialAustria Willi PürstlSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bogdan NorčičAustria Rudi Wanner
197620 March  K120KongsbergAustria Hans WallnerSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bogdan NorčičGermany Peter Leitner
21 March  K1208th MemorialCancelled after 14 competitors due to strong wind[36]
197819 March  K1209th MemorialAustria Reinhold BachlerSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bogdan NorčičSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Marko Mlakar
198022 March  K120World CupAustria Hubert NeuperAustria Armin KoglerAustria Hans Millonig
198122 March  K120World CupNorway Dag Holmen-JensenAustria Armin KoglerAustria Alfred Groyer
198228 March  K120World CupNorway Ole BremsethAustria Hubert NeuperItaly Massimo Rigoni
198327 March  K120World CupSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Primož UlagaCanada Horst BulauAustria Richard Schallert
198425 March  K120World CupCzechoslovakia Pavel PlocNorway Vegard OpaasPoland Piotr Fijas
198623 March  K120World CupAustria Ernst VettoriAustria Andreas FelderFinland Matti Nykänen
198827 March  K120World CupSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Primož UlagaSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Rajko LotričFrance Didier Mollard
198926 March  K120World CupEast Germany Jens WeißflogNorway Kent JohanssenAustria Andreas Felder
199024 March  K120World CupItaly Roberto CeconFinland Ari-Pekka NikkolaEast Germany Jens Weißflog
25 March  K120World CupFinland Ari-Pekka NikkolaGermany Dieter ThomaSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Primož Ulaga
199228 March  K120World Cup
Team event		  Austria  Germany  Finland
29 March  K120World CupAustria Andreas FelderAustria Heinz KuttinFinland Toni Nieminen
199327 March  K120World Cup
Team event		  Japan  Norway  Slovenia
28 March  K120World CupNorway Espen BredesenAustria Andreas FelderGermany Christof Duffner
12 December  K120World CupGermany Jens WeißflogAustria Andreas GoldbergerNorway Espen Bredesen
19959 December  K120World Cup
Team event		  Finland  Japan  Norway
10 December  K120World CupFinland Mika LaitinenNorway Roar LjøkelsøyFinland Janne Ahonen
199624 March  K120ExhibitionSlovenia Primož PeterkaAustria Andreas GoldbergerSlovenia Samo Gostiša
199821 March  K120World CupJapan Kazuyoshi FunakiSlovenia Primož PeterkaJapan Hiroya Saito
22 March  K120World CupJapan Noriaki KasaiJapan Hiroya SaitoAustria Martin Höllwarth
New hill
201421 March  HS139World CupGermany Severin FreundNorway Anders BardalSlovenia Peter Prevc
22 March  HS139World Cup
Team event		  Austria  Poland  Norway
23 March  HS139World CupSlovenia Peter PrevcGermany Severin FreundNorway Anders Bardal
20233 March  HS138NWSCSlovenia Timi ZajcJapan Ryōyū KobayashiPoland Dawid Kubacki
4 March  HS138NWSC
Team event		  Slovenia  Norway  Austria

Women's ski jumping

Year Date Hill size Event Winner Second Third
201422 March  HS139World CupJapan Sara TakanashiJapan Yuki ItoFrance Julia Clair
20231 March  HS138NWSCCanada Alexandria LoutittNorway Maren LundbyGermany Katharina Althaus

List of world records

A total of ten official world records have been set at the hill.[23][37]

No. Date Athlete Length
3625 March 1934Norway Birger Ruud92 metres (302 ft)
3714 March 1935Norway Reidar Andersen93 metres (305 ft)
3815 March 1935Poland Stanisław Marusarz95 metres (312 ft)
3915 March 1935Norway Reidar Andersen99 metres (325 ft)
4015 March 1935Norway Reidar Andersen99 metres (325 ft)
4215 March 1936Austria Josef Bradl101.5 metres (333 ft)
4315 March 1938Austria Josef Bradl107 metres (351 ft)
442 March 1941Nazi Germany Rudi Gering108 metres (354 ft)
452 March 1941Nazi Germany Rudi Gering118 metres (387 ft)
4615 March 1948Switzerland Fritz Tschannen120 metres (390 ft)

Srednja skakalnica (HS102)

Srednja skakalnica
Constructor(s)Klemen Kobal
Opened14 October 2012
Size
K–point95 metres (312 ft)
Hill size102 metres (335 ft)
Top events
World Championships2023

Srednja skakalnica (literally "Normal hill") is a HS102 normal hill, designed by Klemen Kobal.

It was built in 2012 next to Bloudkova velikanka and replaced the old Srednja Bloudkova K90 hill, which was in use until 2011. It is called simply "Normal hill" because the axis and the name of Bloudkova velikanka are protected by a monument and cannot be changed or used in other structures.[2]

The hill was built as an accompanying facility mainly for the organization of the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, for which Planica ran several times.

Women's ski jumping

Year Date Hill size Event Winner Second Third
201425 January  HS104World CupAustria Daniela Iraschko-StolzJapan Sara TakanashiGermany Carina Vogt
26 January  HS104World CupAustria Daniela Iraschko-StolzJapan Sara TakanashiGermany Carina Vogt
202323 February  HS102NWSCGermany Katharina AlthausAustria Eva PinkelnigNorway Anna Odine Strøm
25 February  HS102NWSC
Team event		 Germany Austria Norway

Men's ski jumping

Year Date Hill size Event Winner Second Third
202325 February  HS102NWSC Poland Piotr Żyła Germany Andreas Wellinger Germany Karl Geiger

Mixed team ski jumping

Year Date Hill size Event Winner Second Third
202326 February  HS102NWSC
Mixed team		  Germany  Norway  Slovenia

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Riiber v Planici četrtič do zlate kolajne, Brecl 37" (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija. 4 March 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  2. 1 2 Štok, Katja (25 March 2012). "Nordijski center Planica – izjemen kompleks svetovnih dosežkov" (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 15 April 2022. Ime Bloudkova velikanka je spomeniško zaščitena, kot tudi sama os skakalnice.
  3. ↑ Teran Košir, Alenka; Mavrič, Petra (15 March 2018). "Dogodki, ljudje in stvari, ki so zaznamovali Planico" (in Slovenian). Siol. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  4. ↑ "K25, Rateče". skisprungschanzen.com. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Planica od skromnih začetkov do doline skakalnih rekordov (kronologija)" (in Slovenian). Slovenian Press Agency. 19 March 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  6. ↑ "Smučarsko slavje pod Jalovcem". Jutro (in Slovenian). 21 December 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  7. ↑ "Praznik našega zimskega sporta". Slovenski narod (in Slovenian). 21 December 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  8. ↑ "Planiška letalnica z vidika geodezije" (PDF). geodetski-vestnik.com (in Slovenian). 2004. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  9. 1 2 Guček, Aleš (13 March 2010). "Neznana znana Planica". smucisca.net (in Slovenian). Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  10. ↑ "Bloudkova velikanka". travel-slovenia.si (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Svetovni rekordi na naših tleh / Rekord za rekordom". Jutro (in Slovenian). 26 March 1934. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  12. ↑ "Višek smučarske sezone". Slovenec (in Slovenian). 25 March 1934. p. 14. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  13. ↑ "V Planici so že dosegli 93-metrsko znamko". Jutro (in Slovenian). 15 March 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  14. ↑ "V Planici tik pred zaželjenim ciljem". Jutro (in Slovenian). 16 March 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  15. ↑ "Andersen: 99 m". Slovenec (in Slovenian). 16 March 1935. p. 2. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  16. ↑ "99 Meter in Planica! Der Norweger fliegt zweimal 99 Meter". Mariborer Zeitung (in German). 17 March 1935. p. 8. Retrieved 10 August 2021.
  17. ↑ "Planica — 101 m!". Jutro (in Slovenian). 16 March 1936. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  18. ↑ "Smuške tekme na Planici brez Norvežanov". Ponedeljski Slovenec (in Slovenian). 16 March 1936. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  19. ↑ "107 m na planiški skakalnici". Slovenec (in Slovenian). 16 March 1938. p. 7. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  20. ↑ "Bradl je skočil 107 m". Slovenski narod (in Slovenian). 16 March 1938. p. 4. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  21. ↑ "Veliki dan smuških poletov v Planici". Slovenec (in Slovenian). 2 March 1941. p. 4. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  22. ↑ "18 skokov nad 100 metrov, od njih dva na 106 m". Jutro (in Slovenian). 1 March 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  23. 1 2 "Znamki 101 za nas in 108 m za Nemce". Jutro (in Slovenian). 3 March 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  24. ↑ "V Planici pet poletov nad 100 metrov". Slovenski poročevalec (in Slovenian). 23 March 1947. p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "Teden smuških poletov v Planici je zaključen". Slovenski poročevalec (in Slovenian). 25 March 1947. p. 5. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  26. ↑ "Izredni uspehi jugoslovanskih in inozemskih skakalcev v Planici". Slovenski poročevalec (in Slovenian). 16 March 1948. p. 6. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Planica naj ostane edina mamutska skakalnica na svetu". Slovenski poročevalec (in Slovenian). 18 March 1948. p. 7. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  28. ↑ "Bloudek-Rožmanova velikanka v Planici se je podrla" (in Slovenian). Slovenian Press Agency. 17 December 2001. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  29. ↑ Potočnik, Brigita (28 August 2005). "Počasna obnova Bloudkove velikanke". 24ur.com (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  30. ↑ Fon, Boštjan (27 September 2011). "Od Bloudkove velikanke ostal le Nemški stolp". Slovenske novice (in Slovenian). Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  31. ↑ T. V. (8 July 2011). "Čakanja je konec: začela se bo obnova Bloudkove velikanke" (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  32. 1 2 "Foto in video: Nordijski center Planica – izjemen kompleks svetovnih dosežkov" (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  33. 1 2 3 S. J. (14 October 2012). "Foto/video: Primož Peterka v Planici odprl prenovljeni ponos slovenskega športa" (in Slovenian). RTV Slovenija. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  34. ↑ Lopatič, Jaka (14 October 2012). "Hlebanja: Babici sem se že zahvalil" (in Slovenian). Siol. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  35. ↑ Lopatič, Jaka (18 March 2014). "Planica po svetovni rekord prihodnje leto, letos po svetovno prvenstvo" (in Slovenian). Siol. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  36. ↑ "Veter je zaprl skakalnico". Delo (in Slovenian). 22 March 1976. p. 9. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  37. ↑ Da. B. (15 March 2016). "Kdo in kdaj je pod Poncami podrl rekord?". Žurnal24 (in Slovenian). Retrieved 24 January 2018.
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