The blue yodel songs are a series of thirteen songs written and recorded by Jimmie Rodgers during the period from 1927 to his death in May 1933. The songs were based on the 12-bar blues format and featured Rodgers’ trademark yodel refrains. The lyrics often had a risqué quality with "a macho, slightly dangerous undertone."[1] The original 78 issue of "Blue Yodel No. 1 (T for Texas)" sold more than a half million copies, a phenomenal number at the time. The term "blue yodel" is also sometimes used to differentiate the earlier Austrian yodeling from the American form of yodeling introduced by Rodgers.

A folk-blues hybrid

Rodgers' background in the blackface minstrel shows and as a railroad worker enabled him to develop a unique musical hybridization drawing from both black and white traditions, as exemplified by the blue yodel songs. In his recordings Rodgers and his producer, Ralph Peer, achieved a "vernacular combination of blues, jazz, and traditional folk" to produce a style of music then called 'hillbilly'.[2]

Rodgers' blue yodel songs, as well as a number of his other songs of a similar pattern, drew heavily on fragmentary and ephemeral song phrases from blues and folk traditions (called "floating lyrics" or "maverick phrases").[3]

Rodgers' yodel

Advertisement for 'Anniversary Blue Yodel (Blue Yodel No. 7)', published in the Seward Daily Gateway (Alaska), 18 October 1930.

Rodgers' yodeling refrains are integral to the blue yodel songs. His vocal ornamentation has been described as "that famous blue yodel that defies the rational and conjecturing mind".[4] Rodgers viewed his yodeling as little more than a vocal flourish; he described them as "curlicues I can make with my throat".[5]

Rodgers said he saw a troupe of Swiss yodelers doing a demonstration at a church. They were touring America, and he just happened to catch it, liked it, and incorporated it into his songs.

It has been suggested that Rodgers may have been influenced by the yodeling of Emmett Miller, a minstrel singer who recorded for Okeh Records from 1924 to 1929.[6] Singers such as Vernon Dalhart, Riley Puckett, and Gid Tanner incorporated yodeling in recordings made in the mid-1920s; Rodgers recorded a version of Riley Puckett's "Sleep, Baby, Sleep" in August 1927.[2]

Rodgers' yodel had the "steady ease of hobo song, and was simple enough to imitate", unlike the yodeling of other contemporary performers.[2] Rodgers' recording and performing successes in the late 1920s and early 1930s ensured that yodeling "became not only an obligatory stylistic flourish, but a commercial necessity". By the 1930s yodeling was a widespread phenomenon and had become almost synonymous with country music.[5]

When members of Kenya's Kipsigi tribe first encountered the blue yodels in the 1940s, they attributed Rodgers' voice to a half-man, half-antelope spirit they dubbed "Chemirocha". However, this is one theory.[7] Songs dedicated to Chemirocha came to be incorporated into their culture; one recording, recorded by ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracey, is available here.

Blue yodel discography

Jimmie Rodgers’s first blue yodel, “Blue Yodel No. 1 (T for Texas) ”, was recorded on November 30, 1927, in the Trinity Baptist Church at Camden, New Jersey. When the song was released in February 1928 it became "a national phenomenon and generated an excitement and record-buying frenzy that no-one could have predicted."[1]

  • “Blue Yodel No. 1 (T for Texas)”, recorded on November 30, 1927, at Camden, New Jersey; released on February 3, 1928 (BVE 40753-2).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 2 (My Lovin’ Gal, Lucille)”, recorded on February 15, 1928, at Camden, New Jersey; released on May 4, 1928 (BVE 41741-2).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 3 (Evening Sun Yodel)”, recorded on February 15, 1928, at Camden, New Jersey; released on September 7, 1928 (BVE 41743-2).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 4 (California Blues)”, recorded on October 20, 1928, at Atlanta, Georgia; released on February 8, 1929 (BVE 47216-4).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 5 (It’s Raining Here)”, recorded on February 23, 1929, at New York, New York; released on September 20, 1929 (BVE 49990-2).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 6 (She Left Me This Mornin’)”, recorded on October 22, 1929, at Dallas, Texas; released on February 21, 1930 (BVE 56453-3).
  • “Anniversary Blue Yodel (Blue Yodel No. 7)”, recorded on November 26, 1929, at Atlanta, Georgia; released on September 5, 1930 (BVE 56607-3) - with Elsie McWilliams (Rodgers' sister-in-law).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 8 (Mule Skinner Blues)”, recorded on July 11, 1930, at Hollywood Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California; released on February 6, 1931 (PBVE 54863-3).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 9 (Standin’ On the Corner)”, recorded on July 16, 1930, at Hollywood Recording Studios, Los Angeles, California (with Louis Armstrong, trumpet, and Lil Hardin Armstrong, piano); released on September 11, 1931 (PBVE 54867-3).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 10 (Ground Hog Rootin’ in My Backyard)”, recorded February 6, 1932, at Dallas, Texas; released on August 12, 1932 (BVE 70650-2).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 11 (I’ve Got a Gal)”, recorded on November 27, 1929, at Atlanta, Georgia; released posthumously on June 30, 1933 (BVE 56617-4).
  • “Blue Yodel No. 12 (Barefoot Blues)”, recorded on May 17, 1933, at New York, New York; released posthumously on June 27, 1933 (BS 76138-1), a month after Jimmie Rodgers’ death.
  • “Jimmie Rodgers' Last Blue Yodel (The Women Make a Fool Out of Me)”, recorded on May 18, 1933, at New York, New York; released posthumously on December 20, 1933 (BS 76160-1), seven months after Jimmie Rodgers had died.

Covers and legacy

See also

References

  1. 1 2 ‘Jimmie Rodgers: Life & Time’ Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine by John Lilly (citing Jimmie Rodgers: The Life and Times of America's Blue Yodeler by Nolan Porterfield, University of Illinois Press, 1992).
  2. 1 2 3 ‘Black and White Cultural Seepage in Country’, by Cole M. Greif-Neill, "Your folyops" website (2005).
  3. ↑ John Greenway, "Jimmie Rodgers: A Folksong Catalyst", The Journal of American Folklore, Vol. 70, No. 277. (Jul-Sept 1957), pp. 231-234: available on-line
  4. ↑ Liner Notes by Bob Dylan, The Songs of Jimmie Rodgers album, released 19 August 1997 (Egyptian Records label) (from) 'Jimmie Rodgers', "The Bob Dylan Who's Who" website.
  5. 1 2 Yodel-ay-ee-oooo: The Secret History of Yodeling Around the World by Bart Plantenga, 2004, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-93989-5.
  6. ↑ Nick Tosches, Where Dead Voices Gather, 2001, Little, Brown, USA, ISBN 0-316-89507-5
  7. ↑ Kailath, Ryan. "In A Kenyan Village, A 65-Year-Old Recording Comes Home". NPR.org. NPR. Retrieved July 1, 2015.
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